1. Last 7 days
    1. Roundup on Research: The myth of “learning styles”

      This article discusses the topic of learning styles, but the fact that the concept of learning styles is actually very flawed. The author explains that it is very difficult to find a way of teaching that caters to all learners. They also explain that the effectiveness of learning styles is difficult to truly measure. The author states that when you take note of which ways that you learn best, it is not a learning style, but a preference. It is also explained that no study displays that catering to a specific learning style brings in positive results of better retention. In addition, the author explains the dangers of learning styles.

    2. eaching to that style of learning will lead to better education outcomes, and conversely, teaching in a contradictory method would decrease achievement.

      This line stands out to me because it relates to how the student teacher dynamic places a lot of pressure on the teacher to accommodate to each student. While I think this is great for ensuring the students success which is one of the goals of teaching, but it makes me wonder how a teacher would be able to accommodate each students independent "style" of learning? Wouldn't that be nearly impossible to accommodate each students learning style if so many of them have different learning styles then each other? It seems like it would be an impossible task.

    3. Roundup on Research: The myth of “learning styles”

      The general theme of the article is concentrated on how different learning styles can not necessarily be proven as true. It argues that there is no proof that these are actually inpacting the learning of a person and that while the different styles of learning may be more engaging for one person or another, at the end of the day they are not really proven to be an effective influence on how one person learns that may be differently from another person.

    1. humans generally look with contempt on those who serve them and look up to those who never give in to them

      spoiled them, humans resent the caretaker that spoils them and loves the one who neglects them

    2. guilty not of rebellion but of betrayal

      argue that rebelling is understandable if a people is oppressed, forced etc, but the Mytilenians were treated well therefore have comitted an even greater crime for BETRAYING not rebelling

    3. allayed

      aka longer we debate this the more sympathetic we will become to the Mytilenains, thus they will not receive the harsh punishment they deserve

    4. common people govern better than the more intelligent

      common person willing to humble himsdelf, submit to order. Intellectruals get carried away with their own eloquence

    1. Table 4:
      1. Add number of sample with HI virus reads (5/200)
      2. Add average number of reads per sample
    2. Mengyi et al.

      The results for Mengyi in Fig. 1 and 3 suggest the composition looks more like the other blood samples than the plasma. I know there was confusion about their sample prep. Can you add discussion of this to the dataset description? Do you think it's possible that these are actually whole blood samples?

    3. Compare the mean relative abundance of human infecting viruses between plasma and whole blood

      Where do you compare the means? Try to be more precise and quantitative here.

    4. 8.87e-08

      Are you sure this calculation is correct? When controlling for human RA, overall virus abundance goes from 0.00011 % to 0.07906 % (2 OOM difference) yet these numbers don't seem that different.

    5. plasma has a higher viral read fraction by a magnitude of 10

      Again, this is not a very quantitatively precise statment. The difference between viral fraction in Cebria Mendoza and and O'Connel is far greater than 10X. Maybe give a gemotric average difference (and range) for both the human-read removed and normal datasets.

    6. we can see that they have similar read composition across the board

      I don't think this is accurate, or at least it's highly subjective. Across blood data without human reads, viral read fraction is still differing across an OOM.

    7. Another way we can look at this is by controlling for human reads across all datasets

      Explain the motivation here:

      Clearly sample prep can lead to large variations in how many human reads end up in your sample. Cebria Mendoza is an example of highly efficient human read removal in plasma. Probably this is more challenging in blood, but may still be possible particularly if looking at the extracellular content. Perhaps some of the blood studies were focused on human genome sequencing? If so, I'd also mention that in the dataset descriptions, since this means they're really not interested in viral enrichment. Possibly human read removal techniques like JumpCode genomics' kit could be applied effectively here.

    8. plasma dataset

      I would say specifically the "if we instead only look at the Cebria-Mendoza 2021 plasma dataset..."

    1. Even though the title of the National Geographic article seems to imply koalas are in less danger, the article’s content does not actually assert that koalas are perfectly safe. It concludes with: “If we want koalas, we’ve got to look after them. We need to step up.”[2]

      This really puts into prospective finding credible sources before jumping to conclusions.

    2. The article states that koala numbers are in decline and may be headed toward functional extinction. In fact, despite the way Kathy presented the article in her tweet, her article appears to actually support David’s point.

      I find it funny how sometimes people can interpret the same article differently based on previous knowledge/ opinions they have

    3. First of all, we should start by checking our emotions. Why is this contentious? Because koalas are cute and they may be functionally extinct and that’s sad. It might feel like David is claiming we shouldn’t care about koalas. After all, he is asserting that we shouldn’t “buy into the hype.” Is this the case, though? There is a lot here that we should stop and think about before jumping to conclusions

      Koalas do trigger an emotional response from many people. We certainly should care about all animals, and I feel that more information is needed to clarify his claims.

    1. 1J9] JOUTS aAKY SUIN sup JB WoT opew YIM sqetoyjo ou) jt uoAa — oueU sy ul ised otf UT ape suOIsfo9p — apacoid atp fq punog aq 01 148no0 pueY JaIPO ap uO ‘uonezTuRd10 ay

      I disagree-- there are so many things "our" "Founding Fathers" decided upon that are still in place and 'binding' this country but are really problematic and must be reformed, as the context in which the principles of this 'nation' operate has changed dramatically.

    2. “IsN. pue Aq20OUTIs ‘AoeuIQuI jengnu uo AJI]Os paseq sie sUONFIaI

      i.e. utopian societies... do they actually work though?

    3. “Apsoo yseay ay puke aaNnoayo soul ay) AjsnoouryNuNIs st yoy Aem oup ‘st yey ‘AeM euONEI ® ul spud ansind 03 pompau sadoid ysouwr ayp ‘Jory ut ‘st 31 ‘uOnOE Jeuones jo suswasmnbar ay) 0} uoneidepe suroidns ayy st (,29yJo ay jo ana au, — Adesonvaing,

      I would challenge that a bureaucracy is the most effective and least costly to pursue ends. Communities that have strongly held shared values and promote bottom-up action related to those values can pursue aims without (as much) need for a large bureaucratic structure. However, this may not be as coldly rational as a bureaucracy.

    4. yty Apruey

      you sure about that, Bauman ??

    5. puey oy) YIM yUT] Ssojoun e

      I mean, territorialism has been a feature of human /animal nature for thousands of years, especially when under threat for survival. How do we devolve into nomadicism again? Feel like we need to do this given that exclusive, arbitrary borders are causing most of the world's conflicts... the digital age/globalization is helping (sort of)

    6. wLIojsad 03 Sa2I03 Urol Aayp yseq ayy 0} agnqunuOD pue AAR IvpNogied stp UT ayedionied [ yory ur aor aup yim Ayyny jjasku Aynuapr 0} oul sJUBM Yo ‘sajOt JOYIO YONS Ul paysosazur St 2uOU ‘sasEd IsOUL UT

      If the members of the other groups the author is involved in were wise they would at least want to be aware of the other group affiliations the author has in case one of them becomes useful for the purposes of the group at some time.

    7. *‘pacid poreys sy WLM ‘sppo ye 3q 01 20S aq Jo ‘ysej> 03 awd Ast plnoYys QuoJayzipul poseposp Ajsnowoid SIINCUE Ul IDUIIIJIIIUI 0} Pea] ABU UNTETD & YONs ‘AT]eNUDIOg

      Who the person or people that establish, maintain, and 'protect' this shared creed is highly important. How are they chosen? Who are they responsible to?

    8. ‘uoNMZIpIGoU

      def makes me think of this year's election...

    9. ‘ayty jo sap.Qs qussayjip sonovid oym sdnoid s9ypO Jo s1aquiow Aq pausia aie 10u ssoejd sayjo OUT sINjQUdA JaypIIU OYyM ‘AuRduIOS JWIES JU) Ul ‘IEP 0} YIQ WoO ‘ssauIsNg-ajy Aap [je ONpuos oy ajdoad paiejosi Suowre ysayny sy 1e@ 9q ppnom Zureys yons

      def relevant to my wicked problem : racism & xenophobia in Poland (esp people in isolated villages)

    10. QuUOYINe jenguIds paseys B® 0} Walqns

      definitely true for religious/spiritual groups, but not sure this is the case for all 'communities.' I think many communities ground themselves on shared tangible interests and necessities of human nature.

    11. Aroisty Aq wow 10 apeu Apeolye uoIsisop ay asuayeyd 01 ysnous jueZoue ‘sjooy 10 ‘sopedausr ose Aap ojo ‘BZuNyed say ‘srojsaoue oy jo Azowaur ‘omnjeu uMO sap Aenaq ye UE YONs JUUIOD OYA asoy],

      Insisting that people are stuck in a natural community due to the decisions of those that came before is very difficult to overcome, but not impossible. From my limited view it's happening more and more lately in various ways.

    12. ‘Inoge uayods st Wt yUusWIOW sup ‘WIOJ pozieapt Are -uLseu! S}I UI JOU ‘310 Aue ISIx9 JOU Saop AJUTEII99 AUNUTWOS sed dp Ul palsixd JdA9 WJ UaAT

      It seems rather dark to me to suggest that community certainly does not exist anymore. It feels like the author i undermining a powerful uniting force without weighing considering fully the pros and cons of how it works in practice. I get that he's purposefully staking the contrarian position, but I'm hoping that he mentions that community plays as much a role in creating new consciousness as in justifying what's established.

    1. In the contemporary era, both print and electronic texts are deeply interpenetrated by code. Digital technologies are now so thoroughly integrated with commercial printing processes that print is more properly considered a particular output form of electronic text than an entirely separate medium. Nevertheless, electronic text remains distinct from print in that it literally cannot be accessed until it is performed by properly executed code

      This statement emphasises the convergence of print and digital media, as both are influenced by code, but also highlights a fundamental difference: electronic texts depend on the execution of code for access and perception. Whereas print is a static outcome of digital processes, e-literature requires a dynamic interaction where the text only fully exists when the technology is activated. This emphasises the performative nature of digital texts and their dependence on code for meaning and accessibility, which distinguishes them from traditional print.

    2. The Electronic Literature Organization, whose mission is to "promote the writing, publishing, and reading of literature in electronic media," convened a committee headed by Noah Wardrip-Fruin, himself a creator and critic of electronic literature, to come up with a definition appropriate to this new field. The committee's choice was framed to include both work performed in digital media and work created on a computer but published in print (as, for example, was Brian Kim Stefans's computer-generated poem "Stops and Rebels"). The committee's formulation: "work with an important literary aspect that takes advantage of the capabilities and contexts provided by the stand-alone or networked computer."

      The committee's definition of electronic literature highlights the unique intersection of traditional literary forms and digital technologies, recognizing that the medium can significantly determine a work's meaning and reception. By including both digital and computer-generated works, the definition expands the scope of what literature in the digital age can include. This formulation embraces the potential of interactivity, multimedia, and networked environments, extending literary possibilities beyond the static text. It emphasizes that the digital context is not just a medium, but a fundamental component of literary creation.

    1. "ego investment" ist das problem.<br /> wir mit der impfung seine gesundheit geopfert hat,<br /> der kann nicht zugeben dass die impfung ein fehler war,<br /> der hat falsche hoffnung ("mich trifft es nicht") bis zum bitteren ende.

    1. As the United States becomes increasingly diverse, the growing range of treasured beliefs, shared teachings, norms, customs, and languages challenges the nurse to understand and respond to a wide variety of perspectives. The total US population in 2016 was estimated to be 323.1 million.5 Population statistics from the US Census Bureau illustrate that cultural diversity is increasing among the five most common pan-ethnic groups, which are federally defined as American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, black or African American, Hispanic, and white (Table 37.1).6

      hi

    2. Care of the seriously ill and dying is complex, with many of these individuals coping with multiple chronic illnesses, age-related syndromes and needs, complicated medication regimens aimed at ameliorating symptoms of disease, and often a limited social support and caregiver base to help with care. Globally, nurses need to acquire and maintain generalist palliative care nursing knowledge and skill to address the unique needs of individuals coping with serious illness and their families. Variations in global nursing education and workforce challenges exist, yet attention to the cultural aspects of care, regardless of where one lives, is necessary to providing compassionate and skilled nursing care across disease states. Discussion of all cultural variations is beyond

      please read and come back.

    1. OCLC’s Greenglass

      Should we also mention Gold Rush, which is a simpler (but also much cheaper) version of GreenGlass?

    1. You know and I know that the country is celebrating one hundred years of freedom one hundred years too early. We cannot be free until they are free. G

      He connected Black liberation with the freedom of white Americans, emphasizing that true freedom is shared and connected.

    2. But these men are your brothers, your lost younger brothers, and if the word "integration" means anything, this is what it means, that we with love shall force our brothers to see themselves as they are, to cease fleeing from reality and begin to change it, for this is your home, my friend. Do not be driven from it. Great men have done great things here and will again and we can make America what America must become.

      I think the message he is trying to convey to his nephew is that the white Americans are like his lost brothers. He wants his nephew to look at them with understanding, to understand why they think the way they do. He thinks that from their ignorance, and by understanding where they come from, he could help them and they could be liberated from their racism.

    3. You know and I know that the country is celebrating one hundred years of freedom one hundred years too early. We cannot be free until they are free

      This country is not free until everyone is free within the country

    4. I know your countrymen do not agree with me here and I hear them. saying, "You exaggerate." They do not know Harlem and I do

      He is talking about how people are telling him that they are exaggerating the circumstances but in fact he knows the truth of what is happening wether people are going to believe him or not

    5. Well, you were born; here you came, something like fifteen years ago, and though your father and mother and grandmother, looking about the streets through which they were carrying you, staring at the walls into which they brought you, had every reason to be heavy-hearted, yet they were not, for here you were, big James, named for me. You were a big baby. I was not. Here you were to be loved. To be loved, baby, hard at once and forever to strengthen you against the loveless world. Remember that. I know how black it looks today for you. It looked black that day too. Yes, we were trembling. We have not stopped trembling yet, but if we had not loved each other, none of us would have survived, and now you must survive because we love you and for the sake of your children and your children's children.

      This is such a sad paragraph because it demonstrates that the pain and the fear of your family (baby) being in danger was so deep that it kept them from being "heavy-hearted" and demonstrate love as they should've.

    6. I know the conditions under which you were born for I was there. Your countrymen were not there and haven't made it yet.

      This quote demonstrates that the author knows about the challenge he fought and that it's an ongoing issue yet to be finished.

    7. but no one's hand can wipe away those tears he sheds invisibly today which one hears in his laughter and in his speech and in his songs.

      He talks with so much pain underlying the memory of his brother as if he has suffered pain beyond the physical, deepening the soul.

    8. Other people cannot see what I see whenever I look into your father's face, for behind your father's face as it is today are all those other faces which were his

      This quote reveals that the author knows his brother better than other people. He demonstrates that he knows the secrets and experiences that shaped who his brother is. e

    9. I know what the world has done to my brother and how narrowly he has survived it and I kn

      I am not sure if he's really talking about his actual brother. If that's not the case, I think he is talking about the systemic racism against black men and the lasting emotional scars left behind.

    1. Regional human rights courts can consider whether, by grantingamnesty, a state over which it has jurisdiction is in violation ofits international obligations. Where these courts find a violation,they can recommend a range of remedies, including orderingthat the amnesty be annulled. If the state complies with sucha ruling, it can result in the amnesty ceasing to have effect indomestic law

      comforting to know that there are checks in place when amnesty = improperly done

    2. The period between the start and end dates should be theminimum necessary for the achievement of the law’s objectives.The selection of these dates can affect the legitimacy of theamnesty

      interesting that political considerations inform cut off dates

    3. the exclusion of thefollowing acts from an amnesty may serve to increase itslegitimacy and legality:i. serious international crimesii. other serious acts of violence against persons that may notrise to the level of an international crimeiii. acts or offences motivated by personal gain or malice

      have to account for the fact TJ process are also about restoring trust in the law and other institutions - how might amnesty undermine that by separating moral harm from legally cognizable harm (AZAPO)?

    4. When an offenderhas committed both included and excluded offenses, apartial amnesty could be possible. As noted in Guideline 16,the implementation of limited amnesties requires individualdeterminations of their application

      more precise approach

    5. n making these decisions, nationalcriminal justice systems can apply established principles of law,for example, by exercising discretion in developing selectiveprosecution strategies. Selective prosecution strategies are alsoemployed by international and hybrid courts. As a result, stateswill not necessarily be violating their obligations if, due to theexercise of prosecutorial discretion, they do not prosecute allperpetrators or instances of these crimes

      complementarity in action

    6. After extensive gross human rights violations or violent conflictwithin a society, there are often substantial legal, political,economic, and social challenges to pursuing widespreadprosecutions. It is rarely possible or practical to prosecute alloffender

      limited institutional capacity --> forced to make normative judgments and create hierarchies of harm

    7. requirements to apologise,

      but apologies can be weaponized / be performative and serve only to exonerate the state (esp. the case in settler states like Canada, where indigenous scholars and activists have criticized the way that formal apologies by state leaders like Trudeau can have a silencing effect and allow the state to absolve itself -- which looks like presenting injustice as a part harm and eliding the way that the Canadian state continues to infringe on tribal sovereignty in the present, fails to adequately deal with the epidemic of missing and murdered Indigenous women, etc.

    8. Those responsible for gross violations of human rights orinternational crimes should be held accountable. In addition to legalmechanisms of accountability, which normally give rise to individualprosecution, there are non-legal mechanisms the use of whichmay, in some contexts, be preferable

      important to reflect how the law isn't the only tool of accountability; easy to slip into carceral logics --> when incarceration isn't a cure-all for every social ill; how can legal and non-legal forms of accountability work together?

    Annotators

  2. pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca
    1. rose-buds

      Rose-buds representing youth, fragility, and chastity, align with the "coyness" in the last stanza. The poet is inviting women to pluck the rose-bud, and kill this coyness in themselves.

    2. The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun, The higher he’s a-getting, The sooner will his race be run, And nearer he’s to setting.

      Kinesthetic Imagery: invokes an image of the sun passing through the sky

    1. every face

      The omnipresence of the effects of urban life.

    2. London

      Blake speaks to the lower class through his use of informal diction.

    3. Thames

      River through London, Middle English Temese, from Old English Temese, from Latin Tamesis (51 B.C.E.), from British Tamesa, an ancient Celtic river name perhaps meaning "the dark one." The -h- is unetymological.

    4. chartered Thames

      The irony of the river as a symbol of freedom, now the property of the ruling class.

    5. chartered

      The word "chartered" as a criticism of the industrial revolution and the privatization of previously public land.

    6. In every

      The emphasis created through the use of anaphora in this stanza gives the reader the sense that the manacles are inescapable and infused into every mind, including that of infants.

    7. Earth raised up her head

      personification of earth throughout the poem -- makes the poem feel animated

    8. Who made up a heaven of our misery.’

      This can be reflective of how the boys parents are taking advantage of him, forcing him to work; pretending what they are doing is good when the boy is suffering

    1. What financial motivations does Twitter have? How does that influence Twitter’s design?

      The financial motivations of Twitter are primarily to garner as many users consistently using the sight as possible.The idea of "livetweeting" (or making posts/threads about something as it happens in real time) is one of the manifestations of this motivation, and the Justine Sacco case is one where the target audience could be literally anyone on the site.A common trend that garners engagement is a "character" with a large outreach on the basis of inflammatory, hateful, or strange comments ("Bean dad", Justine Sacco, various celebrities, etc.)

    1. Information Architecture ​

      Now that I know better what this does and doesn't involve, we should rename it. Additionally this should reflect some of the initial work that Developers should be doing. I think this phase is about "blueprinting" or planning and it is applicable to both designers and developers.

    2. Project Processes ​

      I would like to have an overarching process structure that is applicable to all types of projects, and then dive into details and differences for each type of project.

    3. Graphic Design ​

      Maybe just Design

    4. This phase involves

      Testing, site audit (content, functionality), integrations, analytics

    1. five key phases

      I need to overlap this with our standard 5-phase process. This currently doesn't align.

    1. silence is often seen as the sexist “right speechof womanhood”— the sign of woman’s submission to patriarchal authority.

      They see silence as woman submitting to the mens patriarchal authroity meaning they have more power in society because woman tend to stay silent in fear

    2. To speak then when one was not spoken to was a courageous act—an act of risk and daring

      Again if you did this you might invite punsihment

    3. To make yourself heard if you were a child was to invite punishment,

      Anytime you talk back to your parents or an authority figure you will be punished

    4. I hid these writings undermy bed, in pillow stuffings, among faded underwear. When my sistersfound and read them, they ridiculed and mocked me—poking fun. I feltviolated, ashamed, as if the secret parts of my self had been exposed,

      This section explains how ashamed the author felt when people read her written thoughts because it was not common or intended for women to think at that time when they only needed someone to support them. Individuals like her were mocked by both men and women, leaving her alone in a group of people.

    5. Our speech, “the right speech of womanhood,” was often the solilo­quy, the talking into thin air, the talking to ears that do not hear you— thetalk that is simply not listened to

      This quote exemplifies what was taught and men expected women to "develop" regarding their voices. A world of silence, suppression, and loneliness.

    6. Had I been a boy, they might have encouraged me to speakbelieving that I might someday be called to preach. There was no “calling”for talking girls, no legitimized rewarded speech. The punishments Ireceived for “talking back” were intended to suppress all possibility that Iwould create my own speech.

      Often, when people suppress children from having something, even a voice, it causes them to want that more than they would naturally. But this case is more serious because they were also discriminating against gender, forcing silence upon a girl child.

    7. To make yourself heard if you were a child was to invite punishment

      I would say this is an ongoing issue. Many times, adults don't take children's opinions seriously. Sometimes, this will even end in verbal or physical punishment for interrupting something they're not "old enough" to participate in.

    1. For the next hour and a half, he signed 141 copies with blue Sharpie pens, fortified by a mug of coffee that a museum staff member placed in front of him. The mug, which the museum sells for $19.95, boasts in all caps: “I Finished The Power Broker.”Caro usually dislikes cracks about the book’s length. But he seemed delighted by the mug.“Did you see this?” he asked, holding up his coffee.“I’m not supposed to say this,” he said, “but I kind of like it.”
    1. Value and affirm all forms of difference.

      I completely agree and wish more teachers did this when I was little. If you end up with a classroom that is not very diverse, target has lots of great books about different cultures.

    2. If pulling a student out of an activity to support him or her makes you uncomfortable, notice your discomfort and try not to let it control your decisions.

      I agree with this but if it makes the student uncomfortable I would seriously consider not doing it because this may cause the student to resent you.

    3. Carry a clipboard with you while students are working, and take careful notes on what you observe.

      I think that carrying a clipboard around might stress out students who have anxiety. I wonder if there is a more subtle way to access students.

    1. The Net is positive space for constructing and maintaining social net-works, identity and belonging. There is real communicative action atwork in the formation of what is clearly communicative leisure. But theNet’s instrumental nature makes it fail as a truly communicative space.People can find communities of interest and like-minded people to sharepolitics with, but the Net is actually weak as a form of public sphere.

      The Internet serves as a positive space for building and sustaining social networks, facilitating identity formation and a sense of belonging. It enables genuine communicative interactions, highlighting the role of what can be termed 'communicative leisure.' However, the instrumental nature of the Net ultimately undermines its potential as a fully communicative space. This is compounded by the presence of fake users and phishing schemes, which exploit these networks and can lead to distrust among users. The proliferation of inauthentic accounts not only dilutes the quality of interactions but also raises concerns about security and privacy, challenging the integrity of online relationships and the sense of belonging they are meant to foster.

    1. Network neutrality

      everyone has access to the internet and everyone gets the same speed

    2. repassification

      repassification - mobile phones are less active and more passive in usage more active on computer more passive on phone

    3. pull

      opposite of push - audiences can pull the media they want

    4. A push medium typically refers to contexts in which usershave a number of content options broadcast directly to them, from whichthey can make their own selections.

      push media - content is being created and pushed on you and you just hve to make a selection about what you want to watch

    5. “democratization” of the mediathat the Internet represented, in which the opportunity to speak and beheard could extend well beyond the privileged few who owned or oper-ated the relatively few media outlets.

      democratization - the internet is for everyone

    6. The long tail referred to how the Internet and digitization transformedthe availability and consumption of media. Previously, storage and exhi-bition limitations meant that audiences had access to a relatively lim-ited proportion of the totality of content being produced. Thus, a typicalbookstore carried about 130,000 books; a typical video store carriedabout 3,000 videos; and a typical record store carried about 60,000 CDs.This may sound like a lot, but it represented a relatively small proportionof the available content.

      long tail - internet changed the availability of content if a movie comes out in 1977 (star wars) - watching it in theaters was the only way to see the movie

    7. attention econ-omy,” grounded in the notion that audience attention represented anincreasingly scarce—and thus increasingly valuable—resource, relativeto the growing number of competitors for a finite amount of availableaudience attention. 18

      attention economy

    8. The audience commodity (as it has often been called) was producedthrough content providers (television programmers, newspaper pub-lishers, websites, etc.) attracting audiences to their content offerings.11The size and demographic characteristics of these audiences were deter-mined by third-party audience measurement firms, who measured themedia consumption behaviors of a very small sample of television view-ers, radio listeners, or print readers.

      audience commodity

    9. “channel repertoire” comes from television audience research;it refers to the extent to which television viewers tend to establish lim-ited repertoires of channels that they consumed regularly. 9

      channel repertoire - everyone has their own favorites of the channels they watched

    10. reaggregation

      once we get people there how do we get people to keep coming back to that platform and any owned by the company

    11. by allowing advertisersto more efficiently compile large aggregations of audiences without hav-ing to engage in transactions with each individual site. 1

      aggregation - the idea of pushing back against fragmentation - lump audiences together based on different groups and demographics - get the most amount of people placed in one spot and viewing one thing

    12. fragmentation of both content optionsand audience attention that went well beyond any previous medium. 4This fragmentation was a function of the extent to which the web pro-vided lower barriers to entry to producing and distributing content thanany previous medium, as well as the lack of channel or space constraintsthat characterized previous media.

      fragmentation - more availability of content (content being fragmented) - splits us into different audiences (audiences being fragmented)

    Annotators

    1. Also, have to say I love that green colour with the white topped keys, and I see you have both the upper case comma and the mighty uppercase period! Always feels better to end a sentence with an upper case period!

      ending a sentence with an upper case period!!! 🤣

    1. But in the eyes of his mother country, Rohit was not an Indian, but an ABCD. American-Born Confused Desi. For Rohit, the rejections said: India is full.

      This was his reason in going because he had never truly felt he got to experience his whole Indian culture, and even showed on paper through his application for his work visa.

    2. When his parents tried to send him to Hindi summer school, Rohit’s father had threatened to run away from home.

      Another quote on how his father felt truly about his culture

    3. But according to Rohit’s mother, his father had grown up despising his brown skin and hating the smell of ginger and garam masala and fried pakoras that filled Rohit’s grandparents’ home.

      This shows that Rohit's father lacks pride in his culture and traditions.

    1. Local trajectory stabilization for nonlinear systems

      Is this not a repetition of the previous section 8.1.1 ? Or is there a difference when you talk about it from a perspective of trajectory?

    1. Keep Ithaka always in your mind. Arriving there is what you’re destined for. But don’t hurry the journey at all. Better if it lasts for years, so you’re old by the time you reach the island, wealthy with all you’ve gained on the way, not expecting Ithaka to make you rich.

      The poem is telling us in a way to take your time in life, to learn and gain from its expperences. Pay attention and love the world around you, let yourself grow, let yourself change.

    2. Ithaka gave you the marvelous journey. Without her you wouldn't have set out. She has nothing left to give you now.

      It uses words like it was marvelous journey and how important it was too important and a great moment for destination.

    3. Keep Ithaka always in your mind. Arriving there is what you’re destined for. But don’t hurry the journey at all.

      This part of the poem is meaning keeping it in your mind to always cherish and don't rush to the journey so meaning its really important.

    1. Patient education

      Vaping cessation, importance of not smoking at all, precautions when traveling (get all the vaccines needed, for example)

    2. in the patient’s presentation and diagnosis would there be if thefollowing was observed in the final lab results?17. Construct a management plan, explaining the rationale for each of your recommendations,for Murfis Yorkenson that includes:• Patient education• Further testing• Treatment• Follow-up recommendations

      Gram-positive, lancet-shaped, strep-pneumo

    3. differential diagnostic list of clinical conditions that can present as cough andfatigue

      Tuberculosis (Pulmonary Infection (but she doesn't have any mucus...but she does have significant weight loss) Pneumonia?

      Bacterial Infection (from cuts on arm?) Pulmonary fibrosis (only because patient vapes, chance is lower) COPD Pulmonary embolism (shortness of breath)

    Annotators

    1. Women’s clothing loosened their physical constraints: corsets relaxed and hemlines rose

      I remember learning about another thing that women started doing was applying their lipstick in public in order to bring attention to their cause

    1. continually takes us out there, belowground, and behind the door we would rather leave closed.

      Incorporating themes of the Southern gothic into the analysis of the Southern Gothic.

  3. www.poetryfoundation.org www.poetryfoundation.org
    1. poor thing poor thing poor thing

      emphasis or repetition brings the reader to understand the authours feelings and remorse for the dead animal also talks about the death of animals and the nature of the life

    1. This we learned from information given by the holy bishop ofArabia, who himself told us the name of the tree in Greek--dendros alethiae, or as we say, the treeof truth.

      trees

    2. sycomore tree, which is said to have been planted by the patriarchs; it is certainly very old, andtherefore very small, though it still bears fruit

      !!!!!!!!

    3. boundless territories of the Saracens,

      boundaries

    Annotators

    1. And Maria answered him:—"Yes ... If you wish I will marry you as you asked me to ... In the spring—the spring after this spring now—when the men come back from the woods for the sowing."

      This is neat because she chose someone to say yes to and found love.

    2. The rain was pattering on the roof, and nature, rejoicing that winter was past, sent soft little wandering airs through the casement as though she were sighing in content. Throughout the hours of the night Maria moved not; with hands folded in her lap, patient of spirit and without bitterness, yet dreaming a little wistfully of the far-off wonders her eyes would never behold and of the land wherein she was bidden to live with its store of sorrowful memories; of the living flame which her heart had known awhile and lost forever, and the deep snowy woods whence too daring youths shall no more return.

      I love this writing. It is done so sweet and descriptive. The patter of rain and the sound and smell of nature are far better than anything else. She was able to sleep and enjoy the life, even though it had been hard and sad.

    3. The dreaded snow stealing away in prankish rivulets down every slope;

      They say the snow steals because they feel it takes away from them. Later in the paragraph again is mentioned sickness and battle with soil. We know it is showing winter is hard.

    4. About midnight came Eutrope Gagnon, bringing Tit'Sebe the bone-setter.

      Sounds like a fighter name, but we know he is a doctor of osteopathic.

    5. A great stillness reigned in the house. The comfortable thought was with them all:—"Anyway the medicine he has given her is a good one; she groans no longer." But scarce an hour had gone by before the sick woman ceased to feel the effect of the too feeble drug, became conscious again, tried to turn herself in bed and screamed out with pain. They were all up at once and crowding about her in their concern; she opened her eyes, and after groaning in an agonized way began to weep unrestrainedly.

      Winter for them did not only bring it being tougher for food, but also sickness without advanced care. The medicine that worked was probably more shocking and naturally derived than they would be today.

    6. this was her problem: when a girl is grown to womanhood, when she is good-looking, healthy and strong, clever in all that pertains to the household and the farm, young men come and ask her to marry

      Was this like arranged marriages? It is neat how clever women used to be about house and farm. I would actually like to be, but I would not like to have to say yes to marrying whatever man came to ask me.

    7. In all this, but one phrase left Maria a little doubting, it was the priest's assurance that François Paradis, in the place where now he was, cared only for masses to repose his soul, and never at all for the deep and tender regrets lingering behind him.

      Seems like a mix of church and state because it is a politician and talking about a priest. Interesting to think about.

    8. ONE October morning Maria's first vision on arising was of countless snow-flakes sifting lazily from the skies. The ground was covered, the trees white; verily it seemed that autumn was over, when in other lands it had scarce begun.

      This sounds amazing and I would love to sit and stare at it. I know for them they saw it more as a problem, because life was harder and more scarce when it began to be winter.

    9. The Canadian spring had but known a few weeks of life when, by calendar, the summer was already come; it seemed as if the local weather god had incontinently pushed the season forward with august finger to bring it again into accord with more favoured lands to the south. For torrid heat fell suddenly upon them, heat well-nigh as unmeasured as was the winter's cold. The tops of the spruces and cypresses, forgotten by the wind, were utterly still, and above the frowning outline stretched a sky bare of cloud which likewise seemed fixed and motionless. From dawn till nightfall a merciless sun calcined the ground.

      They were clearly trying to take advantage of a nice spring to prepare for summer. They were obviously hard workers from the rest of this document.

    10. alders

      I am unsure what alders are

    11. alders

      I am unsure what alders are.

    12. "Holy Mary, mother of God, pray for us now and at the hour of our death..." "Immaculate heart of Jesus, have pity on us..."

      The Catholic school I went to was St. Mary and I heard this phrase every day! It plays and clearly has always played a big role for catholics.

    13. three-decked stove

      I wonder what this looks like. Would ours be considered 2 deck?

    14. "Nor have you altered in these seven years; not a bit; as for Maria ... surely you find a difference!"

      Sentence structure is off, probably because of the translation.

    15. "Spring is not far ... Spring is not far ..."

      This sounds like holding out hope.

    16. against the heavy burden of the long winter

      Whenever I read or watch old stuff they seem to use this phrase.

    17. The icy road held alongside the frozen river. The houses on the other shore, each surrounded with its patch of cleared land, were sadly distant from one another. Behind the clearings, and on either side of them to the river's bank, it was always forest: a dark green background of cypress against which a lonely birch tree stood out here and there, its bole naked and white as the column of a ruined temple.

      The description of the place seems kind of sad. This is super descriptive and I can picture the place. It sounds like it would be beautiful to me, though.

    18. "The mass is beautiful. I am often very sorry that we live so far from churches.

      There are churches everywhere now, so people do not really have long commutes anymore. Despite this, less people seem to go to church or to just listen online.

    19. Ste. Anne de Beaupre—, a likeness of Pope Pius X

      Religious house decor is interesting and representative of the people.

    20. Author: Louis Hémon Translator:

      Originally written in French, then translated to English, which is clear from this portion of author, translater.

    21. pig's bladder

      What does this mean?

    22. He spoke with heat and volubly—a man of the town who talks every day with his equals, reads the papers, hears public speakers. The listeners, of a race easily moved by words, were carried away by his plaints and criticisms; the very real harshness of their lives was presented in such a new and startling light as to surprise even themselves.

      This entire paragraph was filled with lots of emotions behind it. It discussed their way of life and how it was being expressed as being a surprise to them.

    23. There was none of the slowness of the Canadian speech, nor of that indefinable accent found in no corner of France, which is only a peasant blend of the different pronunciations of former emigrants. They used words and turns of phrase one never hears in Quebec, even in the towns, and which to these simple men seemed fastidious and wonderfully refined.

      It is discussed how these people are different. But it seemed as though they were accepted

    1. Our ivory needles, otter pelts, mat creasers, our dances. What else do you remember dreaming of?

      harsh tone of the reality and the mystery of what people think indigenous culture and life is about. also create imagery or religious practices.

    2. woolly dog

      piece of cultural teaching and practices that is extinct now due to the genocide of the indigenous culture and spirituality

    1. eLife assessment

      This study makes an important effort to observe and quantify synaptic integration in a large and active network of cultured neurons, using simultaneous patch-clamp and large-scale extracellular recordings. They developed a method to distinguish excitatory and inhibitory contributions, show compelling evidence that the subthreshold activity of these neurons is dominated by few presynaptic neurons. They provide convincing statistics about connectivity and network dynamics.

    1. He’d have God for his father, and never want joy.

      makes a point of religion as he is against it

    2. The

      ABAB rhyme scheme head said bare hair the poem also talks about the lost of innocence

    3. Chimney-Sweeper

      historical setting, we don't have really chimney-sweepers anymore

    4. To Mercy, Pity, Peace, and Love,

      I believe Blake tries to establish a sense of direction in one's life separate from religion by introducing virtues of mercy, pity, peace, and love and how the individual is clearly influenced by these virtues. I think he’s pretty much saying that regardless of what your religion is, all humans embody these virtues internally and throughout everyday life. It’s almost like a celebration of the human spirit and the goodness we have internally.

    5. young,

      AABB pattern happening; there is a very youthful feel around the poem and the rhyme scheme adds to that child-like voice of innocence while covering much heavier topics.

    6. Weep! weep! weep! weep!’

      emphasis on the nature of the poem where children's innocence is being stepped from them. also give physical dialogue that the children are crying

    7. spoil

      Using the imagery of comparing the colour of soot- a black powder to Tom's white hair, before it was shaved. Showing a duality, much like the themes and message of the poem.

    8. mire

      meaning swampy/muddy ground -- illustrates how down in the dumps the child is, probably caked in mud, sad and crying. Breaks my heart :(

    9. peace

      "freedom from civil disorder, internal peace of a nation" Through following Christ and not organized religion, one is free from the rigidity and confines of churches as institutions

    10. The Shepherd

      "The" Shepherd; again reference to Christ (rather than "A" shepherd, "the" important one)

    11. coffins of black

      Coffins of black- meaning the soot the child would be breathing in and could let to their deaths. Also, it could foreshadow the children's death as in the following two stanzas, angels. God and the setting of a funeral are mentioned.

      https://sites.udel.edu/britlitwiki/chimney-sweeper/

    12. Spring

      Summer is icumin vibes

    13. lamb’s

      A reference to Tom's innocence, using the word lamb and reference to his white hair. https://sites.udel.edu/britlitwiki/chimney-sweeper/

    14. fillèd

      "containing all that can be received", "perfect, entire, utter" Christ is empowering and entirely oriented towards goodness

    15. Little lamb, who made thee?

      "Did he smile his work to see? / Did he who made the Lamb make thee?"

    16. heathen

      of or relating to people or nations that do not practice Christianity, Judaism, or Islam.

      1. old-fashioned + often disparaging : a person who is not religious or whose religion is not Judaism, Islam, or especially Christianity.

      2. old-fashioned + disapproving : a nonreligious or uncultured person.

      The origins of heathen and pagan are semantically similar. Heathen likely comes from a term for a country inhabitant—in particular, a “heath dweller.”

      Etymology: Middle English hethen, from Old English hǣthen; akin to Old High German heidan heathen, and probably to Old English hǣth heath

    17. The night was dark, no father was there,

      the whole poem invokes a sense of loss and longing. With dark and wet imagery, it seeks to make the reader feel as uncomfortable as the fatherless child. this animates the poem and make it feel as if you can touch the dew

    18. river

      Themes of nature as a glorified paradise and better way of being.

    19. shepherd’s

      Christ referred to himself as a shepherd, Blake was a devout follower of Jesus Christ (though not organized religion); celebratory poem about Christ, his teachings, and the beauty of his lifestyle

    20. They rise upon clouds,

      Romanticism poems often have these proclamations of vivid imagination like "rising upon clouds" and "flying through fields on the wings of a bird" (from a Wordsworth poem I think). These kinds of lines invoke a strong sense of overwhelm for the reader, an otherworld feeling that stems from a vast imagination

    21. clime

      1540s, "a tract or region of the earth," shortening of climate (or a nativization of Latin clima). It might usefully take up the old, abandoned "horizontal region of the earth" sense of climate, but it is used chiefly by the poets, and they display no evident agreement on what they mean by it.

    22. young

      poem about childhood which is a feature of Romantic poetry

    23. died

      This first line is straightforward and starts a poem about child labourers within chimney sweepers around 1789 when the 'songs of innocence' where published, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chimney_Sweeper#:~:text='%20Blake%20uses%20this%20poem%20to,labor%20in%20a%20corrupt%20society.

    24. So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep.

      consonance: repetition of "S" sound

    1. The New Public Management challenge to bureaucracy, in short, is no challenge at all.

      very confident assertion. potentially underestimating the powerful ideological drive of NPM proponents, and the willingness of those who gain power to subvert democracy in cases where their constituents (those who should benefit from these more efficient private bureaucracies) are unsatisfied and collectively wish to return to state-run, regulated provision of services

    2. An irony of the New Public Management, therefore, is its quest to rid itself of unresponsive government bureaucracies actually replaces them with private sector bureaucracies that are more difficult to hold accountable.

      !!!

    1. Pure as the naked heavens, majestic, free

      dreamy, romantic idealized

    2. soul was like a Star

      Soul & star "s" + Sound & sea "s" repeating

    3. manners, virtue, freedom, power

      utopian, optimistic

    4. Of inward happiness. We are selfish men

      rebellion, individuality

    5. altar, sword, and pen

      Altar, sword, and pen - god, death, and creation Rule of three Contrast of sword and pen, death & creation

    1. they all seem to use the "fake it till you make it" strategy (mentalism, mind over matter)<br /> but most are stuck in the "fake it" phase, because the british/US empire is too strong

    1. The Little Boy Lost

      AABB rhyme scheme going, fast boy lost.

    2. mire

      refers to a child trapped in a dangerous situation symbolically used for emotional despair.

    3. Father, father, where are you going

      repittion and opening of the line creates a sense of urgency for the father to respond to his little boy

  4. pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca
    1. Nothing beside remains

      Though the poem speaks to the general hubris of man, the historical context of the Romantic era could speak specifically towards a nervousness against the Industrial Revolution, the warning of 'Nothing beside remains' still being entirely possible to this day.

    1. Die rechte italienische regierung will sich an die spitze der gegner des verbrenner verbots ab zweitausend fünfunddreißig in der eu stellen under bei einem treffen zur zukunft der europäischen automobilindustrie in brüssel wird der italienische industrieminister oder so für die sogenannte technologie offenheit und für den einsatz von biokraftstoffen argumentieren punkt außerdem plädiert er für einen europäischen fonds zur stützung der autor industrie und für einen schutz der europäischen industrien punkt a beruft sich dabei auch auf die vorschläge mario dragees kommt https://www.repubblica.it/economia/2024/09/24/news/stop_motori_termici_elettrico_urso_europa_auto-423517621/

    1. Presageful
      1. An indication or warning of a future occurrence; an omen.
      2. A feeling or intuition of what is going to occur; a presentiment.
      3. Prophetic significance or meaning.

      v. (prĭ-sāj, prĕsĭj) pre·saged, pre·sag·ing, pre·sag·es

      1. To indicate or warn of in advance; portend.
      2. To have a presentiment of.
      3. To foretell or predict.

      The verb presage was predated by a noun presage, meaning "omen." Both forms derive from the Latin prefix prae- combined with the adjective sagus, meaning "prophetic." Foretell, predict, forecast, prophesy, and presage all mean "to tell beforehand."

    2. Echo

      Etymology - echo, but also from to cry (Latin) develops pathos. Also references the story of Narcissus (Greek) and the nymph who was obsessed with him; pathetic, unending obsession

    1. that willing suspension of disbelief for the moment

      readers are able to put aside any skepticism of the reality of what's written (this disbelief) and take the fantastic ideas to heart to emotionally connect (poetic faith)

    2. willing suspension of disbelief

      The emotions attached are so real that the line between reality and not is blurred by the reader, for a second they believe the supernatural poems are real, and for that second they feel all the emotions attached to it, they just have to momentarily believe it real.

    1. The slave rebellion took place in the midst of Britain’s seven years’ war with France and other European rivals. While the British emerged from the war victorious, with vast new territories and resources, the disruption inspired a series of British imperial reforms that were meant to tighten the administrative control of the empire.

      This quote relates to the American Yawp as well, because it goes more in-depth to explain how slave masters became more strict and strategic with how they carried on with enslavement, due to slaves becoming more educated and knowing how to free themselves and break away from oppression.

    2. n the mid-18th century, Jamaica was Great Britain’s most profitable colony in the Americas. Not coincidentally, it was also the colony that exploited enslaved labour most aggressively. About 90% of the population, around 150,000 people, lived in bondage, and their work made their enslavers stupendously rich.

      This quote also related to the American Yawp reading as it furthermore proves how enslavement was more so. popular in the Caribbean because it was more high demand. New England didn't choose to not participate in enslavement because they cared for Africans but because it was as high demand in those areas. However, New England still participated by buying the products produced by African slaves.

    3. Along with Black people throughout the Americas, Jamaicans and I together belonged to the African diaspora. But as with scattered people everywhere – Jews, Armenians, Chinese, south Asians – there was no guarantee of mutual understanding or accord.

      This quote relates to the American Yawp reading as they have the same idea of how groups of people of the same descent, do not come in agreement with each other due to being separated through enslavement. It is hard to stand as one when you are disassociated because of such hatred.

    1. It was the first such study to test the psychophysiological stress recovery theory using a number of objective physiological indicators (and affective state to be discussed in the following Affect section). Using muscle tension, skin conductance, and pulse transit time which correlates with systolic blood pressure, it was found that “…recovery from stress was much faster and more complete when subjects were exposed to the natural settings…” as opposed to urban settings

      This study was the first to test stress recovery using physical measurements like muscle tension, skin conductance, and blood pressure. It found that people recovered from stress faster and more completely in natural settings compared to urban environments.

    2. What most often comes to the fore as the empirical basis for why GI is good for mental health is the many decades of environmental psychology and environment-behavior research examining the mentally restorative potential of exposure to the natural environment and elements of nature.

      Research shows that exposure to nature is good for mental health, supported by many years of studies in environmental psychology. These studies highlight how time in natural environments helps restore mental well-being.

    1. Sea, and hill, and wood,

      put emphasis in the poem by breaking conventional rhythms. the poem also describes the nature around them.

    1. optimize

      effective

    2. minifiers

      To minify JS, CSS and HTML files, comments and extra spaces need to be removed, as well as crunch variable names so as to minimize code and reduce file size. The minified file version provides the same functionality while reducing the bandwidth of network requests.