1. Last 7 days
    1. The evolution of CAST’s UDL Guidelines has been and continues to be a dynamic, collaborative, and research-based process

      The multiple versions of the UDL Guidelines reflect a dynamic, collaborative, and research-based process aimed at enhancing educational practices. Each iteration incorporates feedback from educators and integrates new research from fields like cognitive science and inclusive education.

    2. The UDL Guidelines offer a structure for proactively uncovering and addressing these barriers and for intentionally designing learning environments and experiences that more fully honor and value every learner.

      The UDL Guidelines can be used effectively by educators working together to share insights and strategies based on the Guidelines. Collaborating with colleagues allows for the exchange of ideas and best practices, creating a community of support focused on enhancing student learning.

    3. UDL emphasizes three large brain networks that comprise the vast majority of the human brain and play a central role in learning. These networks include: the affective networks (where learners evaluate the internal and external environment to set priorities, to motivate, and to engage learning and behavior), the recognition networks (where learners sense and perceive information in the environment and transform it into usable knowledge), and the strategic networks (where learners plan, organize, and initiate purposeful actions in the environment).

      The UDL Guidelines align closely with the learning brain by addressing the unique functions of the three core brain networks: affective network, recognition network and strategic network.

    1. In Section 3.1, we already discussed norms that we can use to computethe length of a vector. Inner products and norms are closely related in thesense that any inner product induces a norm

      I was in Neil Bruce's Computer vision class, and he was highlighting how in extremely high dimensional spaces, euclidean distance can become more of an abstract concept and can behave weirdly globally, but can be consistent on a local level. Do not really understand why, but look forward to learning more.

    2. Example 3.1 (Manhattan Norm)The Manhattan norm on Rn is defined for x ∈ Rn as Manhattan norm∥x∥1 :=n∑i=1|xi| , (3.3)where | · | is the absolute value. The left panel of Figure 3.3 shows allvectors x ∈ R2 with ∥x∥1 = 1. The Manhattan norm is also called ℓ1 ℓ1 normnorm.

      Interesting to see cross over from topics class done in Mathematics on artificial intelligence. We used Manhattan distance for tasks involved with greedy search strategies in checkers. I wonder what limits will be like down the line in terms of training AI if we use a non-differentiable function.

    1. image

      Kalluri reveals that AI-generated images are often generated with biased and stereotypical images due to how they were trained. Efforts are made to reduce these biases with new data training and development to improve their algorithms. Kalluri addresses these biases since she believes AI-generated images must become widely accepted in various parts.

    2. AI

      In "AI Image Generators Often Give Racist and Sexist Results: Can They Be Fixed?" by Ananya, the article dives deeper into sources of racial and gender bias in AI images and how to confront the issues.

    1. HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME Goonight Bill. Goonight Lou. Goonight May. Goonight. 170 Ta ta. Goonight. Goonight.

      The first few times I read this passage, I glossed over the spelling of “Goonight”. It wasn’t until the indented Ophelia soliloquy “Good night, ladies, good night, sweet ladies, good night, / good night.” that I noticed that “Goonight” was missing a “d” and a space. I attributed this to the slurrish / slangy vernacular of the unnamed first person subject. The portmanteauing of the word evokes a sense of urgency, as if there isn’t enough time for the character to pronounce two full syllables separately and must combine the two into a breath. This aligns with the repeated phrases “HURRY UP PLEASE ITS TIME”, which as I am typing this, I realize is also missing punctuation “ ‘ “ that critically indicates that the word is a contraction. Again, a word is shortened, this time dropping even the apostrophe. “ITS” is also a particularly interesting case because “IT’S” represents contraction “IT IS”, which is grammatically correct and therefore what I assume the correct voice is, while just “ITS” is a possesive pronoun modifying who knows what. Whose time is it? Who does time belong to? Do we all belong to time?

      The imperative “HURRY UP ITS TIME” is repeated four times in under 40 lines, first spaced out, and then condensing to repeat back to back 4 lines before the end of the poem. This increasingly urgent demand phonetically (and emotionally) elicits the pressures of living. As a third person / exterior overhead voice in the scene between Lil and the first person subject consoling/incriminating her of her domestic shortcomings as a mother and wife, the phrase is an objective pace keeper, separate from the cast of characters and their woes. Every time Lil is about to answer an emotionally wrought question, (“What you get married for if you don’t want children?”), the phrase in all-caps becomes her saving grace, interrupting the accusatory line of questioning between one character (a condescending wife or a oatrarchy-upholding man?) and her truth. Outside the scene, the phrase is a speed sign for us readers as we parse through the different voices. The insertion reads like Ophelia’s “sings” cues in Hamlet, where the theatrical cue physically separates delivered lines from those sung. Both interpretations embody the accelerando of life. Lil, her snobby friend, the various ambiguous pronouns, me, you, we are all of us running out of time, being pursued, pursued.

    1. The purpose of this review was to evaluate intervention studies assessing the effects of different plant-based diets on body mass index and weight

      The purpose of the paper and how it relates to my research. Since my research is about vegan diets and athleticism.

    2. A literature search was conducted in PubMed until December 2019. Twenty-two publications from 19 studies were included.

      What makes it a literature review and not an experimental study. This is what makes it perfect for my paper.

    1. ent.

      causation or bringing forth is intrinsically knowledge bearing

    2. et present arrive into presencing. Accordingly, they are unifiedly governed by a bringing thatbrings what presences into appearance. Plato tells us what this bringing is in a sentence from theSymposium (205b): he gar to

      all 4 causes are important as the end or reason for a products existnce is also a propelling factor for its existence

    1. ‘UOSeIN Jo Joe UR SB pa}ean 2q nq JouULD s9d10j UIOf 0} ssoUZUTTIMUN saoURJSUINITD YONS Jopuy) ‘assuopiaoid Aq Jo siojsaoue stay) Aq wey) Joy spew useq Apeolye Sey UOISINNp sy) Jey] — UONENIIS a70yI-uOU & UI SoAjasUIOI pu Adtp Jey pyoy are Aayy ‘sd10y9 Way) ayer 0} sjeodde Zurpping-Arunur -WI0D JO SJaZ1e) AYP SONPUT OT ‘9d1I0YD UY] UI PaAOAUT SSOULIL.DIQIE pue d9d10y9 jo JUDUIDTO aU Sa

      These ideas remind me of Mary Douglas' concept of purity/impurity, where she argues that anything that threatens social stability is designated impure, hence making logical classifications for any kind of experience to unite people under a community.

    2. Auedutoo ay) qiIM saafesuloty Aynuapt 0} ssaquious yduroid 03 pue sdurjaay Mrunurwio0s, ajye19ua3 0} padoy ase 1043980} Wap jo {TB Inq Suojiad 01 saakojdula sray pasu fayp ajor pazyeisads auo ap pue uoneziue3io ayn Jo yse} Wordxo om 0} parejas AypeowBoy St SadtAsas BNXa dsay} JO JUON

      Related to the person, not the task. I like the idea of using people as the unit of measure rather than tasks or roles.

    3. } Aouapuay yuasayur ue Aedsip sxomouresy JOpOU! 9} ‘gsodind JO paau aATsayoo auO padres W jf Se, UONIE 94) Sunuasaides Ag

      Our minds are very powerful confabulators, able to come up with clear explanations for why we do what we do whether that's really what's going on 'under the hood' or not.

    4. AduaTsyje Jeuoneztuesio ueyy Juejodunt 310W UdA2 JO pIeA Ayjenba aq 03 aaatjaq Asyp asned Jato sUIOS Jo areyjam oyqnd saduepua Aeui ssouadns fq wou 03 ynd AdaI908 jo yuourounbar ay yey) dAal[aq keur sxaquiaut 191Q ‘sapdioutd jesour 0} AyeAoy pue sduaIpaqo Jeuoneztuedio usamjaq

      Revealing organizational information for the public benefit is largely punished by the individuals it affects on a personal level without consideration as to the wider benefits of society

    5. sajoe

      but sometimes role becomes the person becomes the role?..

    6. pouojiad aq 0} yse3 & Jo 10 ‘asodimd

      It would be interesting to think about where the military institutions fit into this, they share so many aspects of all.

    7. VaIyp [EWOUI & aIOJaIIy} SaynINsUOD WHOSsIp [Ty

      Mutual love that forces conformity. But how is it love if people are not loved for who they truly are and what they truly think? Something that could lead to toxic positivity--ignoring the full spectrum of human inclinations and emotions for the sake of seeming peace.

    8. ‘syoeUOD ‘pastarodnsun ‘sayVO |]! WoL SIaquIsUT sy) 9}¥]0SI

      Also what sociopaths do in order to maintain control of their objects of interest. Such behaviors in sects are more complex forms of simple psychological control.

    9. vpuvsvdosd 0) SdAjaSWI9yY WUT] JOUURD YI} JO sagruNnUIWIO™)

      There are often many aspect of taking care of each other, too, emulating a family-like atmosphere... Be it emotional, financial, psychological or other kinds of aid. In communities however that are established with the intent of financial gain or that of control/manipulation, the caring aspect is not an end for itself but rather a tool. Something that is absent in healthy family dynamics.

    10. ype; padviquia A[mou dy) 0} JUDIPIQgO UTeUIdI 0} SJJ9AUOD dy] UO payaxd 3q [IM UO MOU WO) YIYM sinssaid

      Amazing point. A bait of freedom to simply have it surrendered...

    11. ysnaj

      I have found similar dynamic to be the case in non-religious psychological forums, such as Landmark or Leo Institute, claiming one's discovery of psychological truths but being rather religious in nature. And of course, tied to hefty fees.

    12. Ayeioynie Aun Zuneaid

      I always did find "community building" initiatives strange and never quite able to understand how that would be possible in a controlled and highly-facilitated manner.

    13. i OpuN 07 Sutyou op UD

      Cults amplify this part. Though they be the chosen community, it's the "unbreakable" spiritual bonds that supposedly tie people together. So though getting in is easy, getting out is painted as almost impossible.

    14. prnoys pue ued

      Hmmm I'm not sold on the should part because certain, more fluid and less authoritarian communities allow for diversion of thought, especially if one is still acting in the conscious interest of the group. I am talking more about a community that exceeds that of thought and runs deeper, I guess.

    15. AUN ponjuids

      Interesting phrasing and something I have always thought to be the case. So difficult to explain that SENSE of community in dissectible terms which often fail to really capture the basis of belonging. Community seems to me as something experienced on almost visceral level and does not follow external logic.

    16. aseod ou) ‘paapur'* yey soosd ou Ajddns pue yas Jo 31 Inoge anZie 0} ou! JO} (aduaIpHt Aur 03 ‘payuei3 105 248) 10 adoy | Os ‘pue) our 0} JeINIeU, OOF

      This works better with audiences that are not directly opposed to the speaker but rather share certain sympathies which the phrasing then solidifies as a given sense of togetherness. We as social animals have a need to belong, after all.

    17. “ou syq] UND. oy ajdoad

      Or use the phrase to generate agreement in a group that might be somewhat leaning to the speaker's ideas. So that they're not sure they agree yet but once its specified strongly the audience assumes the agreement and a sense of group-belonging is created.

    18. 1J9] JOUTS aAKY SUIN sup JB WoT opew YIM sqetoyjo ou) jt uoAa — oueU sy ul ised otf UT ape suOIsfo9p — apacoid atp fq punog aq 01 148no0 pueY JaIPO ap uO ‘uonezTuRd10 ay

      I disagree-- there are so many things "our" "Founding Fathers" decided upon that are still in place and 'binding' this country but are really problematic and must be reformed, as the context in which the principles of this 'nation' operate has changed dramatically.

    19. “IsN. pue Aq20OUTIs ‘AoeuIQuI jengnu uo AJI]Os paseq sie sUONFIaI

      i.e. utopian societies... do they actually work though?

    20. “Apsoo yseay ay puke aaNnoayo soul ay) AjsnoouryNuNIs st yoy Aem oup ‘st yey ‘AeM euONEI ® ul spud ansind 03 pompau sadoid ysouwr ayp ‘Jory ut ‘st 31 ‘uOnOE Jeuones jo suswasmnbar ay) 0} uoneidepe suroidns ayy st (,29yJo ay jo ana au, — Adesonvaing,

      I would challenge that a bureaucracy is the most effective and least costly to pursue ends. Communities that have strongly held shared values and promote bottom-up action related to those values can pursue aims without (as much) need for a large bureaucratic structure. However, this may not be as coldly rational as a bureaucracy.

    21. yty Apruey

      you sure about that, Bauman ??

    22. puey oy) YIM yUT] Ssojoun e

      I mean, territorialism has been a feature of human /animal nature for thousands of years, especially when under threat for survival. How do we devolve into nomadicism again? Feel like we need to do this given that exclusive, arbitrary borders are causing most of the world's conflicts... the digital age/globalization is helping (sort of)

    23. wLIojsad 03 Sa2I03 Urol Aayp yseq ayy 0} agnqunuOD pue AAR IvpNogied stp UT ayedionied [ yory ur aor aup yim Ayyny jjasku Aynuapr 0} oul sJUBM Yo ‘sajOt JOYIO YONS Ul paysosazur St 2uOU ‘sasEd IsOUL UT

      If the members of the other groups the author is involved in were wise they would at least want to be aware of the other group affiliations the author has in case one of them becomes useful for the purposes of the group at some time.

    24. *‘pacid poreys sy WLM ‘sppo ye 3q 01 20S aq Jo ‘ysej> 03 awd Ast plnoYys QuoJayzipul poseposp Ajsnowoid SIINCUE Ul IDUIIIJIIIUI 0} Pea] ABU UNTETD & YONs ‘AT]eNUDIOg

      Who the person or people that establish, maintain, and 'protect' this shared creed is highly important. How are they chosen? Who are they responsible to?

    25. ‘uoNMZIpIGoU

      def makes me think of this year's election...

    26. ‘ayty jo sap.Qs qussayjip sonovid oym sdnoid s9ypO Jo s1aquiow Aq pausia aie 10u ssoejd sayjo OUT sINjQUdA JaypIIU OYyM ‘AuRduIOS JWIES JU) Ul ‘IEP 0} YIQ WoO ‘ssauIsNg-ajy Aap [je ONpuos oy ajdoad paiejosi Suowre ysayny sy 1e@ 9q ppnom Zureys yons

      def relevant to my wicked problem : racism & xenophobia in Poland (esp people in isolated villages)

    27. QuUOYINe jenguIds paseys B® 0} Walqns

      definitely true for religious/spiritual groups, but not sure this is the case for all 'communities.' I think many communities ground themselves on shared tangible interests and necessities of human nature.

    28. Aroisty Aq wow 10 apeu Apeolye uoIsisop ay asuayeyd 01 ysnous jueZoue ‘sjooy 10 ‘sopedausr ose Aap ojo ‘BZuNyed say ‘srojsaoue oy jo Azowaur ‘omnjeu uMO sap Aenaq ye UE YONs JUUIOD OYA asoy],

      Insisting that people are stuck in a natural community due to the decisions of those that came before is very difficult to overcome, but not impossible. From my limited view it's happening more and more lately in various ways.

    29. ‘Inoge uayods st Wt yUusWIOW sup ‘WIOJ pozieapt Are -uLseu! S}I UI JOU ‘310 Aue ISIx9 JOU Saop AJUTEII99 AUNUTWOS sed dp Ul palsixd JdA9 WJ UaAT

      It seems rather dark to me to suggest that community certainly does not exist anymore. It feels like the author i undermining a powerful uniting force without weighing considering fully the pros and cons of how it works in practice. I get that he's purposefully staking the contrarian position, but I'm hoping that he mentions that community plays as much a role in creating new consciousness as in justifying what's established.

    1. e l’arrêté du 2 juillet 2024 relatifaux conditions du vote par correspondance et par voie électronique pour l’électiondes représentants des parents d’élèves au conseil d’administration des établissementspublics du second degré relevant du ministre chargé de l’éducation nationale précisentles conditions de vote par correspondance et par voie électronique dans le respectdes principes fondamentaux qui commandent les opérations électorales, notammentle secret du scrutin, le caractère personnel, libre et anonyme du vote, la sincérité desopérations électorales et la surveillance effective du vote
    2. les bulletins de vote
    3. Les bulletins trouvés dans des enveloppes non réglementaires
    4. liste de candidature
    5. d

  2. pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca
    1. But on, on thy way

      Repeated "on" perhaps to keep the iambic trimeter in these shorter lines

    2. o

      third and fourth lines are shorter than the rest - limerick form

    3. thee

      AABBA rhyme - limerick form

    4. rose-buds

      Rose-buds representing youth, fragility, and chastity, align with the "coyness" in the last stanza. The poet is inviting women to pluck the rose-bud, and kill this coyness in themselves.

    5. The glorious lamp of heaven, the sun, The higher he’s a-getting, The sooner will his race be run, And nearer he’s to setting.

      Kinesthetic Imagery: invokes an image of the sun passing through the sky

    1. 12Theodor Herzl was a Jewish Austro-Hungarian journalist whobecame one of the leading figures of modern Zionism. This is hisaccount of the Dreyfus degradation for the Viennese newspaper theNeue Freie Presse (New Free Press).Léon Daudet was a journalist and writer who cofounded thenationalist, royalist, and antidemocratic newspaper Actionfrançaise. This is his account of Dreyfus’ military degradation,part of his punishment following his conviction for treason.

      another account of degradation, make alfred sound less confident, "dumb puppet" more descriptive account

    2. 11 12Theodor Herzl was a Jewish Austro-Hungarian journalist whobecame one of the leading figures of modern Zionism. This is hisaccount of the Dreyfus degradation for the Viennese newspaper theNeue Freie Presse (New Free Press).Léon Daudet was a journalist and writer who cofounded thenationalist, royalist, and antidemocratic newspaper Actionfrançaise. This is his account of Dreyfus’ military degradation,part of his punishment following his conviction for treason.

      description of alfred dreyfus degradation, maintained his innocence, ceremony left impression on eyewitnesses.

    Annotators

    1. “authorized representative of the owner” means a personauthorized by the owner to give notice not to trespass;(b) “owner” means the owner of premises and includes thefollowing:(i) the occupier of the premises;(ii) the person who is in possession or control of thepremises

      Alberta Trepass to Premises Act RSA2000 Chapter T-7: * Who

    1. het zodanig tenuitvoerleggen van een veroordelend vonnis dat de schuldeiser krijgt waarop hij recht h

      Wat is reële executie?

    2. De schuldeiser moet daarbij in de vermogenssituatie worden gebracht, waarin hij zich zou hebben bevonden als het contract correct was nagekomen, wat het positief contractsbelang wordt genoemd

      Wat is het positief contractsbelang?

    3. or ontbinding is niet vereist dat de tekortkoming aan de schuldenaar kan worden toegereke

      wat zijn de belangrijke verschillen tussen de eisen voor schadevergoeding en ontbinding?

    4. Een wederkerige overeenkomst is een overeenkomst waarbij over en weer verplichtingen worden aangegaan, als tegenprestatie voor de verbintenis van de andere partij

      Wat is een wederkerige ook?

    1. A little black thing among the snow,

      Seems as if this portrays his irregularity - for him to be the single object standing out form the whiteness of the snow, it portrays how (as his childhood should be full of nature - like in part of the dream in Songs of Innocence) nature has no part in his life, but he stays working in the darkness

    2. And are gone to praise God and His priest and king, Who made up a heaven of our misery.’

      another criticism of religion - as in the same poem from Songs of Innocence, Blake criticizes how religion is taking away from the boys life, rather than adding any good meaning to it. It keep his parents away, and just as his parents have taken enjoyment out of his misery, God has done the same to the world

    3. taught me to sing the notes of woe

      singing is (typically) a cheerful thing to think of - typical with the manual labour jobs of singing for entertainment - the boy doesn't sing songs of entertainment but rather of pain and sorrow

    4. And smiled among the winter’s snow, They clothed me in the clothes of death,

      Because he was experiencing a normal childhood, his parents took that away from him - sending him to his deathbed for a small profit

    5. every face

      The omnipresence of the effects of urban life.

    6. London

      Blake speaks to the lower class through his use of informal diction.

    7. Thames

      River through London, Middle English Temese, from Old English Temese, from Latin Tamesis (51 B.C.E.), from British Tamesa, an ancient Celtic river name perhaps meaning "the dark one." The -h- is unetymological.

    8. chartered Thames

      The irony of the river as a symbol of freedom, now the property of the ruling class.

    9. chartered

      The word "chartered" as a criticism of the industrial revolution and the privatization of previously public land.

    10. In every

      The emphasis created through the use of anaphora in this stanza gives the reader the sense that the manacles are inescapable and infused into every mind, including that of infants.

    1. Could scarcely cry ‘Weep! weep! weep! weep!’ So your chimneys I sweep, and in soot I sleep.

      Interesting rhyme scheme with weep, sweep, and sleep. The use of both weep and sweep so close together seem as if the two have merged together, like a tongue twister that you're bound to mess up at some point. The use of these two words 'merging' demonstrates that at his young age where he was still crying, he started sweeping chimneys

    2. shine in the sun.

      to "shine" in the sun sounds like they are the best versions of themselves when they are experiencing something that they never have before. That they're glowing, or radiating happiness, comparative to their actual state in which they're covered in soot and in the darkness of chimneys

    3. your

      referencing us as the readers

    4. lamb’s

      biblical reference; the sacrificing of his hair (as lambs were sacrificed) in order to maintain the purity held in his hair and not be damaged by his work

    5. And the angel told Tom, if he’d be a good boy, He’d have God for his father, and never want joy.

      If he fulfills his duty as he works his job, he will have God and will only need God; aiming towards salvation from the troubles in their lives - this shows that the boys turn to religion in hopes that it will provide some sort of release for them, but even God won't save them from their laborious misery.

    6. Till

      This stanza is the end both literally and figuratively. The sun that arises will descend, giving / allowing one to reflect on how short life truly is. We see this in the above stanza as well, where it says “and soon they all say, ‘such, such were the joys…” a reflection on how everything inevitably has its end, including us.

    7. arise

      All the end words rhyme

    8. does

      It’s definitive. This will happen, he didn’t say “the will arise” rather the sun “does” saying no matter what the sun will rise.

    1. As we run more and more of our lives and work through these cloud apps, they become more and more critical to us

      Al saber los riesgos de confiar plenamente en una plataforma, recordar ser recursivos creando copias de seguridad que nos brinden tranquilidad

    2. you own your data, in spite of the cloud.

      Comparto la idea de que, aunque la información que almacenamos en la nube esté en Internet, sigue siendo nuestra y está protegida por nuestro derecho a la privacidad. Por lo tanto, a pesar de su ubicación digital, la privacidad debe prevalecer.

    3. Es sorprendente la facilidad con la que podemos colaborar en línea hoy en día. Usamos Google Docs para colaborar en documentos, hojas de cálculo y presentaciones; en Figma trabajamos juntos en diseños de interfaz de usuario; nos comunicamos con colegas usando Slack;

      ejemplo de lo que exactamente hacemos en la sesión colaborando con diferentes puntos de vista y comentandolo

    4. In the process of performing that creative work, you typically produce files and data: documents, presentations, spreadsheets, code, notes, drawings, and so on.

      Production of explicit knowledge

    5. Analizamos los tipos de datos replicados sin conflictos (CRDT, por sus siglas en inglés): estructuras de datos que son multiusuario desde cero y, al mismo tiempo, fundamentalmente locales y privadas. Los CRDT tienen el potencial de ser una tecnología fundamental para la creación de software local.

      la importancia de un CRDT en la creación de un software

    1. and was property, real estate, capital, or natural resources. But to our people, itwas everything: identity, the connections to our ancestors, the home of our nonhuman kinfolk, ourpharmacy, our library, the source of all that sustained us

      Anywhere could be considered a home to the settlers, however the Natives thought of these places as their spiritual homes, they could not just relocate and forget the history they had there.

    1. 1:03:50 braucht man diese ganzen impfungen? beispiel: allergie gegen wespen.<br /> 1:03:50 "der nächste wespenstich kann tödlich sein."<br /> immunisierung, desensitisierung, andere antikörperklasse, 50 bis 60 injektionen,<br /> "es gibt nur impfungen mit aluminium"<br /> falsch, es gibt auch impfungen ohne aluminium, die sind nur weniger stabil.<br /> also selbermachen, selbsthilfe, frisch anrühren (frisch kochen).<br /> - die matrix verlassen. - es gibt alternativen.

    2. "ego investment" ist das problem.<br /> wir mit der impfung seine gesundheit geopfert hat,<br /> der kann nicht zugeben dass die impfung ein fehler war,<br /> der hat falsche hoffnung ("mich trifft es nicht") bis zum bitteren ende.

    1. And straightway Abgar, bearing the letter of the Lord to the gate, with all his army, prayedpublicly. And he said: "O Lord Jesus, Thou hadst promised us that none of our enemies shouldenter this city, and lo! the<34>Persians now attack us."

      borders

    Annotators

    1. Experiences show that selective prosecutionstrategies may result in only some offenders being indicted, withothers benefitting from amnesty. For example, the hybrid courts ofCambodia and Sierra Leone only indicted small proportion of eachnation’s offenders (five35 and 1336 respectively), which left thousandsof other offenders to benefit from amnesty.

      raises breadth v. depth issue --> law has a signaling function; does punishing a cross-section send a strong enough message?

    2. Regional human rights courts can consider whether, by grantingamnesty, a state over which it has jurisdiction is in violation ofits international obligations. Where these courts find a violation,they can recommend a range of remedies, including orderingthat the amnesty be annulled. If the state complies with sucha ruling, it can result in the amnesty ceasing to have effect indomestic law

      comforting to know that there are checks in place when amnesty = improperly done

    3. The period between the start and end dates should be theminimum necessary for the achievement of the law’s objectives.The selection of these dates can affect the legitimacy of theamnesty

      interesting that political considerations inform cut off dates

    4. the exclusion of thefollowing acts from an amnesty may serve to increase itslegitimacy and legality:i. serious international crimesii. other serious acts of violence against persons that may notrise to the level of an international crimeiii. acts or offences motivated by personal gain or malice

      have to account for the fact TJ process are also about restoring trust in the law and other institutions - how might amnesty undermine that by separating moral harm from legally cognizable harm (AZAPO)?

    5. When an offenderhas committed both included and excluded offenses, apartial amnesty could be possible. As noted in Guideline 16,the implementation of limited amnesties requires individualdeterminations of their application

      more precise approach

    6. n making these decisions, nationalcriminal justice systems can apply established principles of law,for example, by exercising discretion in developing selectiveprosecution strategies. Selective prosecution strategies are alsoemployed by international and hybrid courts. As a result, stateswill not necessarily be violating their obligations if, due to theexercise of prosecutorial discretion, they do not prosecute allperpetrators or instances of these crimes

      complementarity in action

    7. After extensive gross human rights violations or violent conflictwithin a society, there are often substantial legal, political,economic, and social challenges to pursuing widespreadprosecutions. It is rarely possible or practical to prosecute alloffender

      limited institutional capacity --> forced to make normative judgments and create hierarchies of harm

    8. requirements to apologise,

      but apologies can be weaponized / be performative and serve only to exonerate the state (esp. the case in settler states like Canada, where indigenous scholars and activists have criticized the way that formal apologies by state leaders like Trudeau can have a silencing effect and allow the state to absolve itself -- which looks like presenting injustice as a part harm and eliding the way that the Canadian state continues to infringe on tribal sovereignty in the present, fails to adequately deal with the epidemic of missing and murdered Indigenous women, etc.

    Annotators

    1. Finally, ​​”styles” are unstable and unreliable. The research on learning styles has suggested that these preferences may be unstable – they be topic-specific, but they also change over time (Coffield et al., 2004).  That means that although an individual may be a kinesthetic learner in history this week, that person is a visual learner in math when talking about calculus (but not about geometry), or prefers to learn how to ride a bike kinesthetically instead of reading about it in a book.

      I found this point to be especially interesting. As someone who didn't have a favorite subject in high school, I was constantly changing the modality of my learning to cater to the subject or the topic. I also had different learning preferences/expectations going into each class. And I know I am not the only one. In calculus, I was a strong proponent of lectures and independent work. In history, I enjoyed group work, discussion, and visual (videos, movies, etc.). In English, I was excited by assignments that allowed me to be more creative, whether in my writing or through various works of art. Regardless, my point still stands: how can a student have one, primary learning style? It seems virtually impossible, given the range of subjects we are learning at the same time (especially in high school).

    2. References

      Prior to reading this article, I wasn't quite sure why a "learning style" would be harmful to a student's education or a teacher's approach to lesson planning. However, I completely understand it now. As stated at the beginning of the article, the "learning style myth" implicates "that matching modality information to the modality of learning style is critical to student success." I have found this to be untrue for a host of reasons. Studies have shown that students do not have measurable or consistent learning styles that are directly connected to their academic success. Even though many students claim to be "visual" or "hands-on" learners, this may be a preference, rather than a style. On top of this, teachers who attempt to tailor their lessons to the "learning styles" of their students' risk missing potential opportunities. There is no evidence that teaching to a student's learning style results in better learning (it seems there is no impact, actually) and teachers should be more concerned with engagement over anything. Educators who employ multiple modes of learning in their lessons keep their students' attention and pique their interest which, in turn, leads to higher learning. In all, I am well-aware that learning styles are a much too simplistic way of approaching learning, and I will be wary if/when I come in contact with this term in the future. This article reinforces my philosophy that multi-modal learning is a great approach to take as an educator!

    3. By focusing on a student’s learning style we reinforce a simplistic view of learning. Learning styles suggest that individuals have one way to learn best. Unfortunately, learning is complex, and not easy. This is hard and takes time! It has very little to do with the way information is handed to a learner, but rather, how the learner processes that knowledge once they have it. It is important to remember – learning is within the control of the learner.

      In this section, the author states that using one specific learning style can simplify the concept of learning. tHe author states that learning is meant to be a challenge, and by catering to a learning style or preference, the challenge is not there, essentially. The author believes that the way knowledge is given isn't important, but it is how the learner receives this knowledge, and what they do with it that is important.

    4. Roundup on Research: The myth of “learning styles”

      This article discusses the topic of learning styles, but the fact that the concept of learning styles is actually very flawed. The author explains that it is very difficult to find a way of teaching that caters to all learners. They also explain that the effectiveness of learning styles is difficult to truly measure. The author states that when you take note of which ways that you learn best, it is not a learning style, but a preference. It is also explained that no study displays that catering to a specific learning style brings in positive results of better retention. In addition, the author explains the dangers of learning styles.

    5. eaching to that style of learning will lead to better education outcomes, and conversely, teaching in a contradictory method would decrease achievement.

      This line stands out to me because it relates to how the student teacher dynamic places a lot of pressure on the teacher to accommodate to each student. While I think this is great for ensuring the students success which is one of the goals of teaching, but it makes me wonder how a teacher would be able to accommodate each students independent "style" of learning? Wouldn't that be nearly impossible to accommodate each students learning style if so many of them have different learning styles then each other? It seems like it would be an impossible task.

    6. Roundup on Research: The myth of “learning styles”

      The general theme of the article is concentrated on how different learning styles can not necessarily be proven as true. It argues that there is no proof that these are actually inpacting the learning of a person and that while the different styles of learning may be more engaging for one person or another, at the end of the day they are not really proven to be an effective influence on how one person learns that may be differently from another person.

    1. aissez faire, or “hands off,” economic policy

      Federal government left manufacturers and business owners alone to run their business as they pleased. This led to abuse of power and the 2nd industrial revolution

    1. you’ll never find things like that on your way as long as you keep your thoughts raised high,

      if you are trying to achieve greatness you wont run into really big problems

    2. as long as a rare excitement stirs your spirit and your body.

      Tis line expresses that the "road" to Ithaka can be fun and adventurous.

    3. by then what these Ithakas mean.

      This line expresses a hidden meaning behind the word Ithaka in the way that they use it.

    4. you’ll have understood by then what these Ithakas mean.

      Maybe Ithaka is an experience. The island is your deathbed and you are flooded with each individual Ithaka that you made and created getting to the end of your life.

    5. Laistrygonians, Cyclops, angry Poseidon

      These people/creatures are things that Odysseus encountered.

    6. Keep Ithaka always in your mind. Arriving there is what you’re destined for. But don’t hurry the journey at all. Better if it lasts for years, so you’re old by the time you reach the island, wealthy with all you’ve gained on the way, not expecting Ithaka to make you rich.

      The poem is telling us in a way to take your time in life, to learn and gain from its expperences. Pay attention and love the world around you, let yourself grow, let yourself change.

    7. Ithaka gave you the marvelous journey. Without her you wouldn't have set out. She has nothing left to give you now.

      It uses words like it was marvelous journey and how important it was too important and a great moment for destination.

    1. so even when her lips can barely stretch themselves around english, her accent is a stubborn compass always pointing her towards home…

      Her accent is her home and heritage

    1. Electronic literature, generally considered to exclude print literature that has been digitized, is by contrast "digital born," a first-generation digital object created on a computer and (usually) meant to be read on a computer.

      This definition highlights how electronic literature is inherently digital, unlike digitized print texts. By being "born-digital," it leverages the unique features of computers—like interactivity and multimedia—transforming the reader's experience and challenging traditional literary forms.

    2. In the contemporary era, both print and electronic texts are deeply interpenetrated by code. Digital technologies are now so thoroughly integrated with commercial printing processes that print is more properly considered a particular output form of electronic text than an entirely separate medium. Nevertheless, electronic text remains distinct from print in that it literally cannot be accessed until it is performed by properly executed code

      This statement emphasises the convergence of print and digital media, as both are influenced by code, but also highlights a fundamental difference: electronic texts depend on the execution of code for access and perception. Whereas print is a static outcome of digital processes, e-literature requires a dynamic interaction where the text only fully exists when the technology is activated. This emphasises the performative nature of digital texts and their dependence on code for meaning and accessibility, which distinguishes them from traditional print.

    3. The Electronic Literature Organization, whose mission is to "promote the writing, publishing, and reading of literature in electronic media," convened a committee headed by Noah Wardrip-Fruin, himself a creator and critic of electronic literature, to come up with a definition appropriate to this new field. The committee's choice was framed to include both work performed in digital media and work created on a computer but published in print (as, for example, was Brian Kim Stefans's computer-generated poem "Stops and Rebels"). The committee's formulation: "work with an important literary aspect that takes advantage of the capabilities and contexts provided by the stand-alone or networked computer."

      The committee's definition of electronic literature highlights the unique intersection of traditional literary forms and digital technologies, recognizing that the medium can significantly determine a work's meaning and reception. By including both digital and computer-generated works, the definition expands the scope of what literature in the digital age can include. This formulation embraces the potential of interactivity, multimedia, and networked environments, extending literary possibilities beyond the static text. It emphasizes that the digital context is not just a medium, but a fundamental component of literary creation.

  3. ivanov-petrov.livejournal.com ivanov-petrov.livejournal.com
    1. сон - это ничто иное, как одна из форм существования живой материи. Прямо так фундаментально. Что спят, так или иначе, все мало-мальски сложные живые существа......сон это особая активная фаза жизни, что во сне организм не отдыхает, а работает. Что мозг, память и человеческая личность не может функционировать без того, чтобы непрерывно не переносить свежие полученные данные из оперативной памяти (предположительно, гиппокампа), в долговременную память (неокортекс), где эти данные будут упорядочены, связаны и размещены уже надолго.Что "мышечной" памяти вообще нет, а есть только память мозга и при этом не только обучение, условно говоря, интеллектуальной или эмоциональной деятельности требует сна для закрепления, но и физические упражнения, память о которых должна быть упакована в соответствующую область мозга.Выводы из всего многосотстраничного кирпича довольно банальны... спать надо много (8 часов как минимум), сон должен быть качественным, то есть содержать фазы медленного и быстрого сна, без чередование которых информация не будет правильно обработана.
    2. Моросил дождь. С самого утра не переставая моросил дождь. Холодный воздух был переполнен каплями, сыпавшимися из хмурых туч, лениво проплывающих по словно выкрашенному в серое грубыми мазками небу. Стараясь поплотнее укутаться в пальто, спешили куда-то редкие прохожие. Вроде бы и дождь, но чем ближе к земле, тем больше он напоминал уже скорее туман, и, казалось, окутанная этим туманом улица, таит в себе какую-то загадку. "Я здесь. Почему я здесь?" - неторопливо размышляло крохотное существо, приютившееся на краю тротуара....- Но ты это, да, какое-то странное, факт! Запаха - нет, шерстью - не покрыто. Да и форма у тебя какая-то, не то чтобы определенная. А ну-ка, если потрогать? - решилась прикоснуться к существу крыса.- Брр, холодное какое! Мокрое! Да ты - вода!- "Вода"? - Существо сделало обиженное лицо.- Вода конечно! Прямо как вот этот дождь!- Я... - дождь... - Раздумчиво пробормотало существо.
    3. "Из трех основных категорий, под которые так или иначе подпадает все, что пишется, — поучение, повествование, описание, — только описание специфично для «художественной» литературы, как таковой, между тем как поучение и повествование в такой же мере присущи «нехудожественной» словесности. Поучение устремлено к утилитарному воздействию, повествование спешит к исходу рассказываемых событий, и только описание довлеет себе и покоится в себе; оно «бескорыстно». Поэтому именно оно оказывается конститутивным критерием для литературной культуры греческого типа; недаром и в наше время профаны, не посвященные в таинства этой культуры (например, дети и подростки), распознаются по одному безошибочному признаку — они следят только за фабулой (то есть за повествованием) и пропускают описания"
    1. Sponsored links are advertisements that often appear at the top of your search results. This means that someone has paid to have their website appear at the top of a specific web search. Depending on the search engine you’re using, it may not always be easy to identify these ads from your real search results

      This is very important to note. even in regular searches for a certain online store or something, the first result is never what you searched for. The other day I was searching for the website for Barnes and Nobel, when I looked on Google the first result was Amazon, who is notoriously known to be trying to put other booksellers out of business by selling books for 60-70% off

    1. A librarian has compiled information in a given discipline, and some are even made for a specific course. When deciding which guide to use, you’re not limited to just the ones listed for your major! You should select the guide that best fits the topic of your project or class.

      Librarians are so important to our success in college. It is terrible that some people do not use the free recourses we have provided through our school!

    2. However, you may need to use many types of sources, not all of which will be covered by your basic search engine, like Google.

      This course has really helped me understand that sometimes this can be true. Google has prejudice sometimes as do most search engines

    1. do not give in to pity do not give in to your delight in good speeches do not give in to your sense of fairness

      make an example, set a precident

    2. humans generally look with contempt on those who serve them and look up to those who never give in to them

      spoiled them, humans resent the caretaker that spoils them and loves the one who neglects them

    3. guilty not of rebellion but of betrayal

      argue that rebelling is understandable if a people is oppressed, forced etc, but the Mytilenians were treated well therefore have comitted an even greater crime for BETRAYING not rebelling

    4. allayed

      aka longer we debate this the more sympathetic we will become to the Mytilenains, thus they will not receive the harsh punishment they deserve

    5. common people govern better than the more intelligent

      common person willing to humble himsdelf, submit to order. Intellectruals get carried away with their own eloquence

    1. Table 4:
      1. Add number of sample with HI virus reads (5/200)
      2. Add average number of reads per sample
    2. Mengyi et al.

      The results for Mengyi in Fig. 1 and 3 suggest the composition looks more like the other blood samples than the plasma. I know there was confusion about their sample prep. Can you add discussion of this to the dataset description? Do you think it's possible that these are actually whole blood samples?

    3. Compare the mean relative abundance of human infecting viruses between plasma and whole blood

      Where do you compare the means? Try to be more precise and quantitative here.

    4. 8.87e-08

      Are you sure this calculation is correct? When controlling for human RA, overall virus abundance goes from 0.00011 % to 0.07906 % (2 OOM difference) yet these numbers don't seem that different.

    5. plasma has a higher viral read fraction by a magnitude of 10

      Again, this is not a very quantitatively precise statment. The difference between viral fraction in Cebria Mendoza and and O'Connel is far greater than 10X. Maybe give a gemotric average difference (and range) for both the human-read removed and normal datasets.

    6. we can see that they have similar read composition across the board

      I don't think this is accurate, or at least it's highly subjective. Across blood data without human reads, viral read fraction is still differing across an OOM.

    7. Another way we can look at this is by controlling for human reads across all datasets

      Explain the motivation here:

      Clearly sample prep can lead to large variations in how many human reads end up in your sample. Cebria Mendoza is an example of highly efficient human read removal in plasma. Probably this is more challenging in blood, but may still be possible particularly if looking at the extracellular content. Perhaps some of the blood studies were focused on human genome sequencing? If so, I'd also mention that in the dataset descriptions, since this means they're really not interested in viral enrichment. Possibly human read removal techniques like JumpCode genomics' kit could be applied effectively here.

    8. plasma dataset

      I would say specifically the "if we instead only look at the Cebria-Mendoza 2021 plasma dataset..."

    1. Even though the title of the National Geographic article seems to imply koalas are in less danger, the article’s content does not actually assert that koalas are perfectly safe. It concludes with: “If we want koalas, we’ve got to look after them. We need to step up.”[2]

      This really puts into prospective finding credible sources before jumping to conclusions.

    2. The article states that koala numbers are in decline and may be headed toward functional extinction. In fact, despite the way Kathy presented the article in her tweet, her article appears to actually support David’s point.

      I find it funny how sometimes people can interpret the same article differently based on previous knowledge/ opinions they have

    3. First of all, we should start by checking our emotions. Why is this contentious? Because koalas are cute and they may be functionally extinct and that’s sad. It might feel like David is claiming we shouldn’t care about koalas. After all, he is asserting that we shouldn’t “buy into the hype.” Is this the case, though? There is a lot here that we should stop and think about before jumping to conclusions

      Koalas do trigger an emotional response from many people. We certainly should care about all animals, and I feel that more information is needed to clarify his claims.

    1. As the United States becomes increasingly diverse, the growing range of treasured beliefs, shared teachings, norms, customs, and languages challenges the nurse to understand and respond to a wide variety of perspectives. The total US population in 2016 was estimated to be 323.1 million.5 Population statistics from the US Census Bureau illustrate that cultural diversity is increasing among the five most common pan-ethnic groups, which are federally defined as American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian/Pacific Islander, black or African American, Hispanic, and white (Table 37.1).6

      hi

    2. Care of the seriously ill and dying is complex, with many of these individuals coping with multiple chronic illnesses, age-related syndromes and needs, complicated medication regimens aimed at ameliorating symptoms of disease, and often a limited social support and caregiver base to help with care. Globally, nurses need to acquire and maintain generalist palliative care nursing knowledge and skill to address the unique needs of individuals coping with serious illness and their families. Variations in global nursing education and workforce challenges exist, yet attention to the cultural aspects of care, regardless of where one lives, is necessary to providing compassionate and skilled nursing care across disease states. Discussion of all cultural variations is beyond

      please read and come back.

    1. OCLC’s Greenglass

      Should we also mention Gold Rush, which is a simpler (but also much cheaper) version of GreenGlass?

    1. You know and I know that the country is celebrating one hundred years of freedom one hundred years too early. We cannot be free until they are free. G

      He connected Black liberation with the freedom of white Americans, emphasizing that true freedom is shared and connected.

    2. But these men are your brothers, your lost younger brothers, and if the word "integration" means anything, this is what it means, that we with love shall force our brothers to see themselves as they are, to cease fleeing from reality and begin to change it, for this is your home, my friend. Do not be driven from it. Great men have done great things here and will again and we can make America what America must become.

      I think the message he is trying to convey to his nephew is that the white Americans are like his lost brothers. He wants his nephew to look at them with understanding, to understand why they think the way they do. He thinks that from their ignorance, and by understanding where they come from, he could help them and they could be liberated from their racism.

    3. You know and I know that the country is celebrating one hundred years of freedom one hundred years too early. We cannot be free until they are free

      This country is not free until everyone is free within the country

    4. I know your countrymen do not agree with me here and I hear them. saying, "You exaggerate." They do not know Harlem and I do

      He is talking about how people are telling him that they are exaggerating the circumstances but in fact he knows the truth of what is happening wether people are going to believe him or not

    5. Well, you were born; here you came, something like fifteen years ago, and though your father and mother and grandmother, looking about the streets through which they were carrying you, staring at the walls into which they brought you, had every reason to be heavy-hearted, yet they were not, for here you were, big James, named for me. You were a big baby. I was not. Here you were to be loved. To be loved, baby, hard at once and forever to strengthen you against the loveless world. Remember that. I know how black it looks today for you. It looked black that day too. Yes, we were trembling. We have not stopped trembling yet, but if we had not loved each other, none of us would have survived, and now you must survive because we love you and for the sake of your children and your children's children.

      This is such a sad paragraph because it demonstrates that the pain and the fear of your family (baby) being in danger was so deep that it kept them from being "heavy-hearted" and demonstrate love as they should've.

    6. I know the conditions under which you were born for I was there. Your countrymen were not there and haven't made it yet.

      This quote demonstrates that the author knows about the challenge he fought and that it's an ongoing issue yet to be finished.

    7. but no one's hand can wipe away those tears he sheds invisibly today which one hears in his laughter and in his speech and in his songs.

      He talks with so much pain underlying the memory of his brother as if he has suffered pain beyond the physical, deepening the soul.

    8. Other people cannot see what I see whenever I look into your father's face, for behind your father's face as it is today are all those other faces which were his

      This quote reveals that the author knows his brother better than other people. He demonstrates that he knows the secrets and experiences that shaped who his brother is. e

    9. I know what the world has done to my brother and how narrowly he has survived it and I kn

      I am not sure if he's really talking about his actual brother. If that's not the case, I think he is talking about the systemic racism against black men and the lasting emotional scars left behind.

    1. What financial motivations does Twitter have? How does that influence Twitter’s design?

      The financial motivations of Twitter are primarily to garner as many users consistently using the sight as possible.The idea of "livetweeting" (or making posts/threads about something as it happens in real time) is one of the manifestations of this motivation, and the Justine Sacco case is one where the target audience could be literally anyone on the site.A common trend that garners engagement is a "character" with a large outreach on the basis of inflammatory, hateful, or strange comments ("Bean dad", Justine Sacco, various celebrities, etc.)

    1. Information Architecture ​

      Now that I know better what this does and doesn't involve, we should rename it. Additionally this should reflect some of the initial work that Developers should be doing. I think this phase is about "blueprinting" or planning and it is applicable to both designers and developers.

    2. Project Processes ​

      I would like to have an overarching process structure that is applicable to all types of projects, and then dive into details and differences for each type of project.

    3. Graphic Design ​

      Maybe just Design

    4. This phase involves

      Testing, site audit (content, functionality), integrations, analytics

    1. five key phases

      I need to overlap this with our standard 5-phase process. This currently doesn't align.

    1. silence is often seen as the sexist “right speechof womanhood”— the sign of woman’s submission to patriarchal authority.

      They see silence as woman submitting to the mens patriarchal authroity meaning they have more power in society because woman tend to stay silent in fear

    2. To speak then when one was not spoken to was a courageous act—an act of risk and daring

      Again if you did this you might invite punsihment

    3. To make yourself heard if you were a child was to invite punishment,

      Anytime you talk back to your parents or an authority figure you will be punished

    4. I hid these writings undermy bed, in pillow stuffings, among faded underwear. When my sistersfound and read them, they ridiculed and mocked me—poking fun. I feltviolated, ashamed, as if the secret parts of my self had been exposed,

      This section explains how ashamed the author felt when people read her written thoughts because it was not common or intended for women to think at that time when they only needed someone to support them. Individuals like her were mocked by both men and women, leaving her alone in a group of people.

    5. Our speech, “the right speech of womanhood,” was often the solilo­quy, the talking into thin air, the talking to ears that do not hear you— thetalk that is simply not listened to

      This quote exemplifies what was taught and men expected women to "develop" regarding their voices. A world of silence, suppression, and loneliness.

    6. Had I been a boy, they might have encouraged me to speakbelieving that I might someday be called to preach. There was no “calling”for talking girls, no legitimized rewarded speech. The punishments Ireceived for “talking back” were intended to suppress all possibility that Iwould create my own speech.

      Often, when people suppress children from having something, even a voice, it causes them to want that more than they would naturally. But this case is more serious because they were also discriminating against gender, forcing silence upon a girl child.

    7. To make yourself heard if you were a child was to invite punishment

      I would say this is an ongoing issue. Many times, adults don't take children's opinions seriously. Sometimes, this will even end in verbal or physical punishment for interrupting something they're not "old enough" to participate in.

    1. For the next hour and a half, he signed 141 copies with blue Sharpie pens, fortified by a mug of coffee that a museum staff member placed in front of him. The mug, which the museum sells for $19.95, boasts in all caps: “I Finished The Power Broker.”Caro usually dislikes cracks about the book’s length. But he seemed delighted by the mug.“Did you see this?” he asked, holding up his coffee.“I’m not supposed to say this,” he said, “but I kind of like it.”
    1. Value and affirm all forms of difference.

      I completely agree and wish more teachers did this when I was little. If you end up with a classroom that is not very diverse, target has lots of great books about different cultures.

    2. If pulling a student out of an activity to support him or her makes you uncomfortable, notice your discomfort and try not to let it control your decisions.

      I agree with this but if it makes the student uncomfortable I would seriously consider not doing it because this may cause the student to resent you.

    3. Carry a clipboard with you while students are working, and take careful notes on what you observe.

      I think that carrying a clipboard around might stress out students who have anxiety. I wonder if there is a more subtle way to access students.

    1. The Net is positive space for constructing and maintaining social net-works, identity and belonging. There is real communicative action atwork in the formation of what is clearly communicative leisure. But theNet’s instrumental nature makes it fail as a truly communicative space.People can find communities of interest and like-minded people to sharepolitics with, but the Net is actually weak as a form of public sphere.

      The Internet serves as a positive space for building and sustaining social networks, facilitating identity formation and a sense of belonging. It enables genuine communicative interactions, highlighting the role of what can be termed 'communicative leisure.' However, the instrumental nature of the Net ultimately undermines its potential as a fully communicative space. This is compounded by the presence of fake users and phishing schemes, which exploit these networks and can lead to distrust among users. The proliferation of inauthentic accounts not only dilutes the quality of interactions but also raises concerns about security and privacy, challenging the integrity of online relationships and the sense of belonging they are meant to foster.

    1. Network neutrality

      everyone has access to the internet and everyone gets the same speed

    2. repassification

      repassification - mobile phones are less active and more passive in usage more active on computer more passive on phone

    3. pull

      opposite of push - audiences can pull the media they want

    4. A push medium typically refers to contexts in which usershave a number of content options broadcast directly to them, from whichthey can make their own selections.

      push media - content is being created and pushed on you and you just hve to make a selection about what you want to watch

    5. “democratization” of the mediathat the Internet represented, in which the opportunity to speak and beheard could extend well beyond the privileged few who owned or oper-ated the relatively few media outlets.

      democratization - the internet is for everyone

    6. The long tail referred to how the Internet and digitization transformedthe availability and consumption of media. Previously, storage and exhi-bition limitations meant that audiences had access to a relatively lim-ited proportion of the totality of content being produced. Thus, a typicalbookstore carried about 130,000 books; a typical video store carriedabout 3,000 videos; and a typical record store carried about 60,000 CDs.This may sound like a lot, but it represented a relatively small proportionof the available content.

      long tail - internet changed the availability of content if a movie comes out in 1977 (star wars) - watching it in theaters was the only way to see the movie

    7. attention econ-omy,” grounded in the notion that audience attention represented anincreasingly scarce—and thus increasingly valuable—resource, relativeto the growing number of competitors for a finite amount of availableaudience attention. 18

      attention economy

    8. The audience commodity (as it has often been called) was producedthrough content providers (television programmers, newspaper pub-lishers, websites, etc.) attracting audiences to their content offerings.11The size and demographic characteristics of these audiences were deter-mined by third-party audience measurement firms, who measured themedia consumption behaviors of a very small sample of television view-ers, radio listeners, or print readers.

      audience commodity

    9. “channel repertoire” comes from television audience research;it refers to the extent to which television viewers tend to establish lim-ited repertoires of channels that they consumed regularly. 9

      channel repertoire - everyone has their own favorites of the channels they watched

    10. reaggregation

      once we get people there how do we get people to keep coming back to that platform and any owned by the company

    11. by allowing advertisersto more efficiently compile large aggregations of audiences without hav-ing to engage in transactions with each individual site. 1

      aggregation - the idea of pushing back against fragmentation - lump audiences together based on different groups and demographics - get the most amount of people placed in one spot and viewing one thing

    12. fragmentation of both content optionsand audience attention that went well beyond any previous medium. 4This fragmentation was a function of the extent to which the web pro-vided lower barriers to entry to producing and distributing content thanany previous medium, as well as the lack of channel or space constraintsthat characterized previous media.

      fragmentation - more availability of content (content being fragmented) - splits us into different audiences (audiences being fragmented)

    Annotators

    1. Also, have to say I love that green colour with the white topped keys, and I see you have both the upper case comma and the mighty uppercase period! Always feels better to end a sentence with an upper case period!

      ending a sentence with an upper case period!!! 🤣

    1. But in the eyes of his mother country, Rohit was not an Indian, but an ABCD. American-Born Confused Desi. For Rohit, the rejections said: India is full.

      This was his reason in going because he had never truly felt he got to experience his whole Indian culture, and even showed on paper through his application for his work visa.

    2. When his parents tried to send him to Hindi summer school, Rohit’s father had threatened to run away from home.

      Another quote on how his father felt truly about his culture

    3. But according to Rohit’s mother, his father had grown up despising his brown skin and hating the smell of ginger and garam masala and fried pakoras that filled Rohit’s grandparents’ home.

      This shows that Rohit's father lacks pride in his culture and traditions.

    1. Local trajectory stabilization for nonlinear systems

      Is this not a repetition of the previous section 8.1.1 ? Or is there a difference when you talk about it from a perspective of trajectory?

    1. Patient education

      Vaping cessation, importance of not smoking at all, precautions when traveling (get all the vaccines needed, for example)

    2. in the patient’s presentation and diagnosis would there be if thefollowing was observed in the final lab results?17. Construct a management plan, explaining the rationale for each of your recommendations,for Murfis Yorkenson that includes:• Patient education• Further testing• Treatment• Follow-up recommendations

      Gram-positive, lancet-shaped, strep-pneumo

    Annotators

    1. Women’s clothing loosened their physical constraints: corsets relaxed and hemlines rose

      I remember learning about another thing that women started doing was applying their lipstick in public in order to bring attention to their cause