- May 2017
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git.door43.org git.door43.org
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GEN 31:41 וַתַּחֲלֵ֥ף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּ֖י עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת מֹנִֽים׃ wattahalef 'eth-maskurti 'asereth monim you have changed my wages ten times. you have changed my wages ten times.
Not sure this is a good example. The relevant words are parsed as nouns.
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שָׁם שָׁם means "there"
Here it functoins like an adverb of location.
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- Apr 2017
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git.door43.org git.door43.org
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אֵין/אַיִן אֵין/אַיִן for "there is not". DEU 28:29 וְאֵ֥ין מוֹשִֽׁיעַ׃ we'en moshia' and there will be no one to save you. and there will not be anyone to help you. JOS 6:1 אֵ֥ין יוֹצֵ֖א וְאֵ֥ין בָּֽא׃ 'en yotse we'en ba No one went out and no one came in. No one could go enter or leave the city.
This is not an adverb. I've discussed this under particle_negative
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- Mar 2017
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git.door43.org git.door43.org
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Interrogative adverbs
Let's also add these here:
The major temporal adverb is מָתַי ‘when?’, often in the combinations לְמָתַי ‘when?’ and עַד־מָתַי ‘how long?’
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Interrogative adverbs
Other interrogative adverbs:
לָמָ֪ה and לָֽמָּה why? PSA 42:10 לָמָ֪ה שְׁכַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי לָֽמָּה־קֹדֵ֥ר אֵלֵ֗ךְ Why have you forgotten me, why do I walk mourning?
מַדּ֖וּעַ why? 2KI 8:12 מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה Why is my master weeping?
אָנָה whereto? ZEC 2:6 אָ֖נָה אַתָּ֣ה הֹלֵ֑ךְ Where are you going to?
עַד־אָן how long? JOB 8:2 עַד־אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־אֵ֑לֶּה How long will you say these things?
אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה from where? 1SA 25:11 לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה הֵֽמָּה׃ I do not know where they are from?
Ps. all these examples are from one source, should probably find from other sources too to avoid copyright claims.
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how?
"how? why? how!"
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where?
"where? where is?"
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adverb Article
Introductory paragraph "An adverb is a word that explains something about a verb. Hebrew technically does not have many adverbs, but it can use nouns, adjectives, particles, or other verbs to have the function of an adverb."
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Missing: Adverb of location (see other comment here for one example).
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Missing: many particles can serve as adverbs. Sometimes of the verb "to be" that has to be supplied in the English if it is not present in the Hebrew.
אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁ֖ם (GEN 13:14, EXO 9:26, 1SA 3:3)
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Missing: Adverbs of negation: אַל ,לֹא, and אֵין/אַיִן. לֹא for general negation, אַל for negative imperatives, and אֵין/אַיִן for "there is not".
לֹא Examples: EXO 6:9, PRO 1:29 אַל Examples: GEN 35:17, NEH 4:5 אֵין/אַיִן Examples: DEU 28:29, JOS 6:1
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Sometimes a noun or a verb can take on the function of an adverb.
Noun: 1SA 12:11 וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בֶּֽטַח׃ and you lived salfely (literally: and you lived, safety). HOS 14:5 (in Hebrew HOS 14:5) אֹהֲבֵ֖ם נְדָבָ֑ה I will love them freely (literally: I will love, free).
Verb: 2KI 2:10 הִקְשִׁ֣יתָ לִשְׁאֹ֑ול you have asked a hard thing (literally: you have made hard/difficult by asking). 1SA 3:12 אָקִ֣ים אֶל־עֵלִ֔י אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֑ו הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה׃ I will fulfill against Eli everything that I have spoken concerning his house, from beginning to end. (literally: to begin and to end).
Also the adjective מְאֹד (very) is sometimes an adverb when it modifies a verb or an adjective. Example: NUM 14:7 טֹובָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃ good the land, very very. JOS 1:7 רַק֩ חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽאֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד only be strong and be very courageous. ("to be courageous" is a verb).
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Missing: Adverb of amount: GEN 31:41 וַתַּחֲלֵ֥ף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּ֖י עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת מֹנִֽים׃ you have changed my wages ten times.
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manner
Other adverbs of manner. ZEP 1:14 מַ֥ר צֹרֵ֖חַ שָׁ֥ם גִּבֹּֽור׃ bitterly (adv. of manner) cries there (adv. of location) the hero.
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Adverbs of time
Adverbs of time and manner are both under "Demonstrative adverbs".
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