18 Matching Annotations
  1. Sep 2013
    1. King of England sent from his arsenals all sort of weapons and ammunition

      Rather than diplomacy and trade, the new practices rely on British firepower.

    2. English were ordered to take revenge by destroying with fire and sword

      Beginning a war of attrition that would go on for hundreds of years.

    3. but he had such faith in these savages that he remained at his post;

      The author here warns people of believing the Natives; they could seemingly turn on you in an instant.

    4. they dragged the dead bodies all over the country, tearing them limb from limb, and carrying the pieces in triumph around.

      Rather than offer Christian burials, instead the author insists that Natives dragged corpses about and mutilated them. The settlers' sense of order was badly shaken.

    5. sparing neither women nor children, as well inside as outside the dwellings. In this attack 347 of the English of both sexes and all ages were killed.

      By focusing on women and children twice in two sentences, the author seems again to be trying to drive the point home that the Natives do not follow standardized European rules of war wherein civilian populaces are not specifically targeted.

    6. while partaking with them of their meal the savages

      Rather than blame unpreparedness or a let-down of English security, the author here defames Natives by implying they could not even follow rules of war and instead had to attack during mealtime.

    7. the English too powerful to successfully resist

      Perhaps the English were just tricked, and the Natives living near Jamestown lulled the settlers into false senses of security.

    8. extirpate

      "To remove or destroy totally; do away with; exterminate." http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/extirpate?s=t

    9. We

      Historians do not know who "we" is. Under the bibliographic information for this page, the author is listed Anonymous. However, somewhat confusedly, the source is listed as being published in 1620, which would be impossible if the event being recounted did not occur until 1622.

    10. 2. The Indian Massacre, 1622

      Begins on page 208

    1. p

      Boston: In 1765, three years before British troops arrived, the city on a hill had a population of 15,500. It was nearly an island, connected to the mainland only by the slim Boston Neck.<br> Archer, "As if an enemy's country," xvi.

    2. M

      The British Occupation of Boston:

      On October 1st, 1768, two regiments of British infantry and parts of a third began to row from their transports in Boston Harbor, landed on the wharves, and then pitched their tents on the Boston Common. They would remain within the confines of the city for about a year and a half, thereafter moving to Castle Island following the Boston Massacre. Archer, "As if an enemy's country," 104.

    3. t

      Sexual Harassment and Rape during the Occupation of Boston, 1768-1770:

      The Regulars who patrolled the streets of Boston were far from polite to the populace of Boston. Women were the victims of lewd comments and gestures when they walked on the streets, and if men tried to defend the women, they were sometimes harmed by the British forces. One man, defending two women, was hit by a British soldier with his musket butt. During the first two years of the occupation, there was one reported case of attempted rape and one reported rape. The reported rape victim, Sarah Johnson, died three days later and her injuries were labeled the cause of death.

      Richard Archer, "As if an enemy's country: The British Occupation of Boston and the Origins of the Revolution," (Oxford University Press, 2010) 131-132.

      Sexual Harassment and Rape during the British Occupation of Boston, 1774-1776:

      The second occupation of Boston was much tamer than the first. Officers closely watched their men, wishing to avoid another massacre. When the Revolution began in April, 1775, colonial militia began to swarm around Boston, beginning the siege of the city. During the siege the British were much more involved in digging entrenchments and skirmishing with the colonists over harassing the women populace. The British were forced to evacuate in March, 1776, when Americans seized Dorchester Heights, and could plunge cannon shells into the city with impunity. See Nathaniel Philbrick, "Bunker Hill: A City, A Siege, a Revolution," (Viking Press, 2013) 231-292, for the siege of Boston.

      According to one historian, the only New England women who confronted rape during the Revolution came later during the war, in Connecticut, and so it seems that Boston was spared.

      Mary Beth Norton, "Liberty's Daughters: The Revolutionary Experience of American Women, 1750-1800," (Cornell University Press, 1996) 202.

    4. v

      Following their evacuation of Boston following the Massacre in March, 1770, the British forces moved to Castle Island. Going with them were prostitutes and other women who had attached themselves to the British Regulars as a source of livelihood. With Puritan roots, Bostonians were surely glad to see their fallen women leave the city and live in the fortress. Archer, "As if an Enemy's Country," 105.

    5. m

      Charlestown was separated from Boston by the Charles River, but during the Battle of Bunker Hill, on June 17th, 1775, would become vital. Colonial sharpshooters took up positions in the town and began to take potshots at British troopers disembarking from their ships. In retaliation, the British opened fire and burned the small town to its foundations; civilians, including women and children, fled their homes. Across the way, Bostonians climbed to their roofs and watched the bloody battle.

      http://www.masshist.org/revolution/bunkerhill.php

    6. These annotations will look at the role of women during the British Occupation of Boston, which took place during two time periods: 1768-1770, and 1774-1776. They will be a mixture of military and social postings.

    7. As Hypothesis cannot mark maps at this time, I must approach this annotation with slightly unorthodox methods. Imagine the heading "Enlargement: Map of Boston and Environs" as the heading of a grid with each letter scanning down to the annotation. For example, the 'a' in "Map" matches up approximately with the word "Boton," and so, if the letter "a" is highlighted, then the annotation will go along with something about Boston.