13 Matching Annotations
  1. Nov 2013
    1. Powhatans daughter I caused to be carefully instructed in Christian Religion,

      Although the reasons for Pocahontas' conversion seem intuitive, a captive converting to the religion of their captor would most likely make their time together easier, there is no written record by Pocahontas on her reasons for converting. Alexander Whitaker, the man who baptized Pocahontas, attributed her conversion to Thomas Dale's "labors" in his letter "True Discourse." Despite this, little can actually be known about the courtship, conversion, and marriage of Pocahontas as none of the documents were written by her and those written about her do not mention her opinions or complaints about her situation.

      Robertson, Karen. "Pocahontas At The Masque." Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society 21.3 (1996): 551.

      http://www.jstor.org.ezproxy.umw.edu/stable/pdfplus/3175171.pdf?acceptTC=true

    1. Nor am I in so desperate an estate, that I regard not what becommeth of mee

      John Rolfe in this letter was attempting to justify to the public, his marriage to Pocahontas as more than just a sexual act. Native American sexual and marriage practices were fascinating to colonists and would continue to be so as more Europeans would settle in the years to come. Native American's exotic martial and sexual customs were both perverse and tantalizing to the Christians who observed.

      John Emilio and Estelle Freedman, Intimate Matters: A History of Sexuality in America (New York: Harper & Row, 1988), 3.

  2. Oct 2013
    1. she lives civilly and lovingly with him, and I trust will increase in goodness, as the knowledge of God increaseth in her.

      Pocahontas', or by this point Lady Rebecca's, goodness increased with her knowledge of the Christian God that she now accepted. For someone inside the faith, goodness could be a sign of being "saved."

    2. that if any of his men stole from us, or killed our cattel, he would send them to us to be punished, as we thought fit. With these conditions we returned, and within the time limited, part of our Arms were sent, and 20 men with corne, and promised more, which he hath also sent. Opachankano desired I would call him friend

      It is ironic that Opochankano was the one to officiate the peace between the Algonquian Indians of the Virginia region. In 1622 he would order an uprising in attempt to drive settlers off Indian lands permanently. The "Peace of Pocahontas" the settlers enjoyed after Rolfe's marriage to her deteriorated rapidly after her death in 1617.

      Frances Mossiker, Pocahontas: the Life and the Legend (New York: Da Capo Press, 1996), 182-183.

    3. the great King was three daies journey off, that Opochankano was hard by, to whom they would have had them deliver their message, saying, that what he agreed upon and did, the great King would conforme. This Opocankano is brother to Powhatan, and is his and their chiefe Captaine: and one that can as soone (if not sooner) as Powhatan commaund the men.

      Unbeknownst to Thomas Hamor, this passage reveals that there was a shifting of power present during this time among Algonquin Indians of Virginia. The three brothers, Powhatan, his rightful successor Opitchapam, and Opechancanough were vying for power. Although Opitchapam was Powhatan's heir to the chiefdom, Opechancanough's influence was rivaling Powhatan while the chief was still alive.

      Frank Gizzard and Boyd Smith, Jamestown Colony: A Political, Social, and Cultural History (Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2007), 155-156.

    1. Now if the vulgar sort, who square4 all mens actions by the base rule of their owne filthinesse, shall taxe or taunt me in this my godly labour: let them know, it is not any hungry appetite, to gorge my selfe with incontinency

      John Rolfe used harsh words when describing what other people might say about him that question his motives for wanting to marry Pocahontas. He reiterated that his want for marriage had nothing to do with desperation or sexual desire. This passage enters in an additional criticism, the possibility of desperation in a colony nearly devoid of women. He denied the possibility, reiterating that he had gone over all of his choices for a match and that that was what he felt was the right thing to do as a Christian.

    2. quoe est instar muri ahenei

      When translated from Latin this passage means "which is like a bronze wall."

      Professor Romero thinks that when Rolfe used "quoe" it was actually an error and should be written as "quae." This distinction being "quoe" means what in Latin and "quae" meaning which in this context.

      D'Amico, Margaret. "Latin Translation Help." Email from Professor Joseph Romero, 16 September, 2013.

    3. serena mea conscientia

      This passage translates from Latin as "my conscience is clear."

      D'Amico, Margaret. "Latin Translation Help." Email from Professor Joseph Romero, 16 September, 2013.

    4. Shall I despise to actuate these pious dueties of a Christian?

      John Rolfe was undoubtedly a pious man. In his letter to Thomas Hamor he goes to great lengths to justify his marriage to Pocahontas, but none of them having to do with love. There are references of him being attached to her but this document is mostly about Christian duty and denying sexual desire for her. The absence of love and focus on Christian duty could have been due to two things. Firstly, that this letter was meant to be for public record, and secondly, that love was hoped for, but not expected in marriage in this time period.

      "John Rolfe," Last modified August 22, 2013. http://www.nps.gov/jame/historyculture/john-rolfe.htm

  3. Sep 2013
    1. The Kings daughter went ashore, but would not talke to any of them scarce of them of the best sort, and to them onely, that if her father Page 54 had loved her, he would not value her lesse then olde swords, peeces, or axes: whereof she would stil dwell with the English men, who loved her

      Pocahontas showed signs of preference towards the English because her father, Powhatan, neglected to trade her for the weapons the Jamestown Settlers demanded. It is unclear whether she truly felt this way or whether her understanding of which party actually "loved" her was simply a conjecture on Thomas Hamor's part.

    2. But they delayed us, so as we went a shore they shot at us, we were not behinde hand with them, killed some, hurt others, marched into the land, burnt their houses, tooke their corne, and quartered all night ashore.

      It is not surprising that the Powhatan Native Americans would harass the colonists given that the settlers' reaction to this particular attack was to burn down Native American homes and to steal their corn.

    3. Pamaunkie river
    1. why dost not thou indevour to make her a Christian

      This passage articulates John Rolfe's internal struggle of sexual desire for Pocahontas versus his moral duty to Christianity. His conclusion, that the Christian thing to do would be to save her, makes him feel that his attraction is not sexual. He was not acting on sexual impulse but on the Christian duty to bring her to the one true faith.