- Aug 2017
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Here then, as I lay down the pen and proceed to seal up my confession, I bring the life of that unhappy Henry Jekyll to an end.
Since Dr. Jekyll can no longer control his transformation and his addiction to the drug, he made the choice to end his life
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re-indue
This will be Dr. Jekyll's final transformation from which he cannot return
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Circumscription to the moment
Mr. Hyde lives in the moment so it is unlikely that he will remember Dr. Jekyll writing this letter
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The powers of Hyde seemed to have grown with the sickliness of Jekyll.
The weaker Dr.Jekyll gets the stronger Mr. Hyde gets
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A moment before I had been safe of all men’s respect, wealthy, beloved—the cloth laying for me in the dining-room at home; and now I was the common quarry of mankind, hunted, houseless, a known murderer, thrall to the gallows.
Dr. Jekyll once again transformed into Mr. Hyde. In talking about everything that has happened Jekyll never says that he regrets what he did. He does however feel something now that the way he will be viewed by people has changed dramatically. Jekyll is still proud of what he has done in terms of science and discovery but he almost doesn't like the man he has created and become now. He is a shell of his former self
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Not that I dreamed of resuscitating Hyde; the bare idea of that would startle me to frenzy: no, it was in my own person, that I was once more tempted to trifle with my conscience; and it was as an ordinary secret sinner, that I at last fell before the assaults of temptation.
Despite all of the horrific acts that Mr. Hyde has done, Dr. Jekyll just can't resist turning into him. Even though Dr. Jekyll is deemed a good person he enjoys having a bad side and takes pleasure in it
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the ugly face of my iniquity
Mr. Hyde
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I sought with tears and prayers to smother down the crowd of hideous images and sounds with which my memory swarmed against me
Dr. Jekyll is begging God to erase the images of all the cold-blooded murders from his mind. He is remorseful and trying to seek forgiveness
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thence I set out through the lamplit streets, in the same divided ecstasy of mind, gloating on my crime, light-headedly devising others in the future, and yet still hastening and still hearkening in my wake for the steps of the avenger.
Dr. Jekyll doesn't care if he is not in control of Mr. Hyde because he actually enjoys the feeling he gets when he unleashes his dark and evil side. He likes having Hyde whenever he wants to transform to fulfill the urge of doing something bad. Jekyll likes being able to go from being a good, caring person one minute to an evil murderer the next. he likes the ability to choose
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With a transport of glee, I mauled the unresisting body, tasting delight from every blow; and it was not till weariness had begun to succeed, that I was suddenly, in the top fit of my delirium, struck through the heart by a cold thrill of terror.
Does Mr. Hyde's murderous and violent nature imply that Dr. Jekyll has a strong hidden desire to harm others? Hyde is considered to be a creature of Jekyll's internal evil; a physical representation of all of Jekyll's darkest thoughts
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Yes, I preferred the elderly and discontented doctor, surrounded by friends and cherishing honest hopes; and bade a resolute farewell to the liberty, the comparative youth, the light step, leaping impulses and secret pleasures, that I had enjoyed in the disguise of Hyde.
Dr. Jekyll likes his stableness, good nature and being surrounded by his friends and with Hyde Dr. Jekyll likes his youth, free will, secret pleasures (murdering), lack of obligations, etc. Dr. Jekyll was preferred over Mr. Hyde however because he is safer and more stable
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Strange as my circumstances were, the terms of this debate are as old and commonplace as man; much the same inducements and alarms cast the die for any tempted and trembling sinner; and it fell out with me, as it falls with so vast a majority of my fellows, that I chose the better part and was found wanting in the strength to keep to it.
Even though Dr. Jekyll is tempted to completely become Hyde he can't bring himself to do it. He wants to hold onto the good that he still has in him and fight for it. Now, he doesn't want Hyde to exist. He wants to be his true self and rid himself of Hyde's evil
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Jekyll (who was composite) now with the most sensitive apprehensions, now with a greedy gusto, projected and shared in the pleasures and adventures of Hyde; but Hyde was indifferent to Jekyll, or but remembered him as the mountain bandit remembers the cavern in which he conceals himself from pursuit.
In figuring out the villain in this situation the easy answer would be Mr. Hyde since he is described as being pure evil. Dr. Jekyll however, is extremely complex when it comes to ethics and morality and this is what essentially makes him worse than Hyde. Hyde is tied to his evil nature and is completely indifferent to Dr. Jekyll. Dr. Jekyll knows everything and he can also feel everything that happens. He knows the pain that he causes himself and others in being Mr. Hyde but he is willing to continue this other evil existence. Ultimately he is committing a crime worse than Mr. Hyde's. He gave in to his pleasures, curiosity and desires and this now makes him the villain. If Jekyll didn't none of this would have happened
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if this were much prolonged, the balance of my nature might be permanently overthrown, the power of voluntary change be forfeited, and the character of Edward Hyde become irrevocably mine.
The longer Mr. Hyde is out the stronger he gets. Eventually Hyde will take full control of Dr. Jekyll
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like the Babylonian finger on the wall, to be spelling out the letters of my judgment
This is another Biblical reference, this time to the Book of Daniel Chapter 5. The Babylonian King Belshazzar held a grand feast and committed a sacrilegious act by drinking from the vessels of the Temple of Jerusalem. A message appeared on the wall and Belshazzar sent fro Daniel to interpret it. Daniel said that "God has numbered the days of your kingdom and brought it to an end". This is similar how Dr. Jekyll is feeling when his days are also numbered
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Yes, I had gone to bed Henry Jekyll, I had awakened Edward Hyde.
Dr. Jekyll is starting to lose control of his experiment
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It was Hyde, after all, and Hyde alone, that was guilty. Jekyll was no worse; he woke again to his good qualities seemingly unimpaired; he would even make haste, where it was possible, to undo the evil done by Hyde.
Dr. Jekyll wanted to seem innocent by easily blaming everything on Mr. Hyde and ignoring his own responsibility for the things that were happening. However, by trying to "make haste" to "undo the evil done by Hyde" it shows Dr. Jekyll's guilt. He's trying to come off as a good guy in order to offset the horrific things he did as Hyde. Even though he is continually trying to blame Hyde, Hyde is still a part of Jekyll which he can't deny. Ultimately Jekyll is the one responsible
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a man who could afford to laugh at suspicion
Jekyll is allegedly the good side out of the two of them but he is willing to use his reputation and finances to avoid suspicion and further the goals of Mr. Hyde. This implies that the morals of the two men are not as different as it seems
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bravos
Bandits, assassins or murderers. Mainly those hired to murder or steal for another
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It was on this side that my new power tempted me until I fell in slavery.
Dr. Jekyll wanted to turn into Mr. Hyde even though he knows it's wrong. In a way Jekyll is incredibly selfish since he only cares about the feeling he has while being Hyde and not the danger that Hyde causes others. This desire was continuously calling to Jekyll until he gave in and succumbed to it. Towards the end Jekyll lost all control and Mr. Hyde became their true self
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And yet when I looked upon that ugly idol in the glass, I was conscious of no repugnance, rather of a leap of welcome.
Everyone who lays eyes on Mr. Hyde is noticeably repulsed and disgusted; they can sense that he is deformed but they can't say exactly what is. Mr. Hyde's deformity is the ugliness of Dr. Jekyll's evil and even though Jekyll sees it, he welcomes it with pleasure. In this case, Dr. Jekyll is no better than Mr. Hyde since he willingly welcomes this evil and wants it almost as much as Hyde does. The difference between the two however is that when Dr. Jekyll is Mr. Hyde he has no fear of the consequences of his actions. While Dr. Jekyll feels guilt and remorse, Hyde feels nothing
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Evil besides (which I must still believe to be the lethal side of man) had left on that body an imprint of deformity and decay.
Now that the evil is in Dr. Jekyll it will never truly go away, a piece will always be there, and it will leave an imprint on his soul that will haunt him forever
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I knew myself, at the first breath of this new life, to be more wicked, tenfold more wicked, sold a slave to my original evil; and the thought, in that moment, braced and delighted me like wine. I stretched out my hands, exulting in the freshness of these sensations; and in the act, I was suddenly aware that I had lost in stature.
This moment is the first time that Dr. Jekyll transforms into Mr. Hyde and it's when the evil first starts taking over him. After this, he'd rather be Mr. Hyde and not the "good" Dr. Jekyll. This feeling is euphoric for him and incredibly addicting, now that he's gotten a taste of what it is he can't stop
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The most racking pangs succeeded: a grinding in the bones, deadly nausea, and a horror of the spirit that cannot be exceeded at the hour of birth or death. Then these agonies began swiftly to subside, and I came to myself as if out of a great sickness. There was something strange in my sensations, something indescribably new and, from its very novelty, incredibly sweet. I felt younger, lighter, happier in body
This experience that Dr. Jekyll is describing is after drinking the potion he created. While undergoing the transformation into Hyde, Dr. Jekyll experiences substantial pain but once it subsides he feels revitalized. He "felt younger, lighter [and] happier" in his new body
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I hesitated long before I put this theory to the test of practice. I knew well that I risked death; for any drug that so potently controlled and shook the very fortress of identity, might by the least scruple of an overdose or at the least inopportunity in the moment of exhibition, utterly blot out that immaterial tabernacle which I looked to it to change. But the temptation of a discovery so singular and profound, at last overcame the suggestions of alarm.
Dr. Jekyll couldn't avoid this temptation any longer and he gave in, regardless of how dangerous this is for him. Jekyll is addicted to Mr. Hyde in a sense. The thrill of fulfilling his pleasures and hurting others without hurting his own reputation drew him in to the point where he couldn't escape
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It was the curse of mankind that these incongruous fagots were thus bound together that in the agonised womb of consciousness, these polar twins should be continuously struggling. How, then, were they dissociated?
The soul is separate and superior to the body but there are ultimately two souls. One soul that doesn't have a conscience when it comes to the pleasures of the body and the other that is dedicated to knowledge, and service to society. This second soul seems to be concerned with its self-image and how it appears to others
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If each, I told myself, could but be housed in separate identities, life would be relieved of all that was unbearable; the unjust delivered from the aspirations might go his way, and remorse of his more upright twin; and the just could walk steadfastly and securely on his upward path, doing the good things in which he found his pleasure, and no longer exposed to disgrace and penitence by the hands of this extraneous evil.
Dr. Jekyll wishes that Mr. Hyde was a completely separate being so that he wouldn't have to live with the sins of Hyde anymore
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plunged in shame
Dr. Jekyll is associating seeking out his immoral pleasures with guilt
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I was driven to reflect deeply and inveterately on that hard law of life, which lies at the root of religion and is one of the most plentiful springs of distress.
Maybe this "hard law of life, which lies at the root of religion" is the likelihood of eternal damnation rooted in the idea of Original Sin
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It was thus rather the exacting nature of my aspirations than any particular degradation in my faults, that made me what I was
The "faults" that Dr. Jekyll has seems to carry a more moral sense since "the exacting nature of [his] aspirations" became evil in the form of Mr. Hyde. It's relative to Good vs. Evil since the aspirations that serve proper science and benefit society are good while the pleasures of his physical self were evil.
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Hence it came about that I concealed my pleasures; and that when I reached years of reflection, and began to look round me and take stock of my progress and position in the world, I stood already committed to a profound duplicity of life.
The split in character between the seemingly social and morally upright Dr. Jekyll and the violent pleasure-driven Mr. Hyde started with the "impatient gaiety of disposition" that Dr. Jekyll felt the need to repress. His "morbid sense of shame" over his feelings drove him to detach from them since they didn't fit in with the image he wanted to uphold and aspire to. When he reaches some point in adulthood, since he has had "years of reflection", he has developed an almost complete division in his character between his secret pleasures and his "regular" self
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a more than commonly grave countenance before the public.
This "imperious desire" is to "wear" his "grave countenance before the public". Dr. Jekyll is all about his appearance and wanting to seem better than he actually is. His respectability is all an act, a mask he puts on in public. His desire to be cunning and deceive is the founding for his duplicity
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And indeed the worst of my faults was a certain impatient gaiety of disposition, such as has made the happiness of many, but such as I found it hard to reconcile with my imperious desire to carry my head high,
What's fascinating is that Dr Jekyll believes that his "certain impatient gaiety of disposition" is his worst flaw, not his "imperious desire to carry [his] head high". This desire makes him repress his disposition which is the source of happiness for many people. This continuous repression that he hid "with an almost morbid sense of shame" turned from something once innocent into the creature Mr.Hyde
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Henry Jekyll’s Statement of the Case
Instead of Dr. Jekyll being written in the Chapter title like in Chapter 3, the author chose to write Henry Jekyll. Does this represent Jekyll's descent from true medicine?
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As for the moral turpitude that man unveiled to me, even with tears of penitence
Dr. Lanyon confesses all of the evil deeds he has committed as Mr. Hyde. His "tears of penitence" shows he still has traces of some morals. However, he chose to burden Lanyon with the knowledge of his inhuman deeds as Hyde knowing it will most likely destroy Lanyon. Jekyll in this case was motivated by his ego and his wish to show off his "scientific achievement". Lanyon couldn't bear having this knowledge and it led to his death
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What he told me in the next hour, I cannot bring my mind to set on paper. I saw what I saw, I heard what I heard, and my soul sickened at it; and yet now when that sight has faded from my eyes, I ask myself if I believe it, and I cannot answer. My life is shaken to its roots; sleep has left me; the deadliest terror sits by me at all hours of the day and night; I feel that my days are numbered, and that I must die; and yet I shall die incredulous. As for the moral turpitude that man unveiled to me, even with tears of penitence, I cannot, even in memory, dwell on it without a start of horror.
Dr. Lanyon refuses to allow witnessing the transformation to reverse his firm scientific beliefs. Dr. Jekyll’s story was so horrifying to him that one could say it scared Dr. Lanyon to death. What Dr. Jekyll did went against every belief, principle and argument that Dr. Lanyon has stood for. To him, this is one of the most horrific things that he has ever witnessed and he is traumatized. He would rather die that relive the memory of what he witnessed that night; he is driving himself mad. He will die still unwilling and unable to believe everything that Dr. Jekyll has done
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“O God!” I screamed, and “O God!” again and again
Dr. Lanyon is in such a state of shock that he has no other way to react besides repeating the name of God in a plea to save him from what he has just witnessed
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And now, you who have so long been bound to the most narrow and material views, you who have denied the virtue of transcendental medicine, you who have derided your superiors— behold!”
One thing that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde have in common is that they both share the same view on Dr. Lanyon's unwillingness to venture beyond the "narrow views" of science. Lanyon refuses to explore the world of the supernatural and this is what Mr. Hyde wants him to see now. He wants to show Lanyon that he was wrong to criticize his "superiors" (i.e Jekyll and Hyde together since he seems himself as a "prodigy"). The irony is that Hyde's objective is to terrify Lanyon with this experiment, not amaze him. Instead of proving "the virtue of transcendental medicine" he horrified Lanyon into despair. Lanyon can't understand why Jekyll would have created something so evil and it drives him to rather be dead than alive
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before I see the end.”
The irony is that Lanyon does see "the end" but it is actually his own. The horrifying transformation of Mr. Hyde to Dr. Jekyll sends him into complete shock since he realizes that all of the horrors that have occurred, for example the murder of Carew, were ultimately done by Dr. Jekyll even though he was in the form of Mr. Hyde. This realization along with this going against everything he morally and scientifically stands for ultimately leads to his death
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“And now,” said he, “to settle what remains. Will you be wise? will you be guided? will you suffer me to take this glass in my hand and to go forth from your house without further parley? or has the greed of curiosity too much command of you?
By asking if curiosity or cautiousness will win out, Mr. Hyde is taunting Dr. Lanyon. Hyde is trying to hide this secret while also tempting Dr. Lanyon into viewing this transformation since it will either scare him immensely or he will die from the fear. The part of Jekyll seems to be warning Lanyon in the beginning about what will happen in order for him to turn away while Hyde is trying to appeal to Lanyon's curiosity and terrify him/ kill him. Both Jekyll and Hyde are present here, each trying to achieve their objectives
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the creature
Dr. Lanyon can sense that whatever he is with it is not human
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with the odd, subjective disturbance caused by his neighbourhood.
This phrase captures the nature of what disturbs everyone who lays eyes on Mr. Hyde. When he is seen close up his appearance engages his observer since they struggle to understand what exactly bothers them so much about him. Most however can sense that they are in the presence of something evil
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, I kept my hand ready on my weapon.
Dr. Lanyon could sense the danger in this situation before anything had even taken place
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“O God!” I screamed, and “O God!” again and again; for there before my eyes—pale and shaken, and half-fainting, and groping before him with his hands, like a man restored from death— there stood Henry Jekyll!
For Dr. Lanyon, Mr. Hyde’s transformation into Dr. Jekyll is similar to restoring a man from death, it's something to him that breaks the natural laws of science and stands against everything he feels is moral
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He thanked me with a smiling nod, measured out a few minims of the red tincture and added one of the powders. The mixture, which was at first of a reddish hue, began, in proportion as the crystals melted, to brighten in colour, to effervesce audibly, and to throw off small fumes of vapour. Suddenly and at the same moment, the ebullition ceased and the compound changed to a dark purple, which faded again more slowly to a watery green. My visitor, who had watched these metamorphoses with a keen eye, smiled, set down the glass upon the table, and then turned and looked upon me with an air of scrutiny.
The potion goes through a transformative process just as Dr. Jekyll does when he turns in and out of Mr. Hyde
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Upon the reading of this letter, I made sure my colleague was insane; but till that was proved beyond the possibility of doubt, I felt bound to do as he requested. The less I understood of this farrago, the less I was in a position to judge of its importance; and an appeal so worded could not be set aside without a grave responsibility.
Dr. Lanyon carries out the letter’s requests more out of curiosity rather than out of loyalty to his friend
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Think before you answer, for it shall be done as you decide. As you decide, you shall be left as you were before, and neither richer nor wiser, unless the sense of service rendered to a man in mortal distress may be counted as a kind of riches of the soul. Or, if you shall so prefer to choose, a new province of knowledge and new avenues to fame and power shall be laid open to you, here, in this room, upon the instant; and your sight shall be blasted by a prodigy to stagger the unbelief of Satan.”
Dr. Lanyon can either take comfort in what he is doing for Dr. Jekyll, or choose to come face-to-face with evil
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“I beg your pardon, Dr. Lanyon,” he replied civilly enough. “What you say is very well founded; and my impatience has shown its heels to my politeness. I come here at the instance of your colleague, Dr. Henry Jekyll, on a piece of business of some moment; and I understood…” He paused and put his hand to his throat, and I could see, in spite of his collected manner, that he was wrestling against the approaches of the hysteria—”I understood, a drawer…”
Mr. Hyde is capable of repressing his emotions and impatience in order to achieve his purpose
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his bull’s eye open
Lanterns used by Victorian policemen at night while they are on foot patrol
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found a small man crouching against the pillars of the portico.
Mr. Hyde
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The more I reflected the more convinced I grew that I was dealing with a case of cerebral disease
He believes that Dr. Jekyll went crazy
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The press marked E was unlocked
Mr. Hyde's first name is Edward
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you will know that you have seen the last of Henry Jekyll.
If Dr. Lanyon doesn't do what Dr. Jekyll asked in time then he will ultimately be the cause of Dr. Jekyll's death
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Think of me at this hour, in a strange place, labouring under a blackness of distress that no fancy can exaggerate, and yet well aware that, if you will but punctually serve me, my troubles will roll away like a story that is told.
Dr. Jekyll knows how to get into someone's head and in this case it's manipulating others into doing what he can't, which is getting the contents of the drawer. He's trying to guilt Mr. Lanyon into doing these tasks by seemingly amplifying his suffering
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, not only in the fear of one of those obstacles that can neither be prevented nor foreseen,
The obstacle Dr. Jekyll is referring to is Mr. Hyde. Hyde usually ventures outside at night and he is always uncontrollable. Dr. Jekyll doesn't want to risk Lanyon being stopped by Mr. Hyde.
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I was a good deal surprised by this; for we were by no means in the habit of correspondence
Dr. Lanyon is surprised that Dr. Jekyll reached out to him since he himself doesn't consider them close friends at all because of all their scientific disputes. Dr. Jekyll on the other still considers Dr. Lanyon someone who he can confide in and trust during this troubling time in his life but why? Did he feel comfortable with Lanyon knowing his dark secret because he thought Lanyon might be able to help him figure out a cure?
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“I would say nothing of this paper. If your master has fled or is dead, we may at least save his credit.
Mr. Utterson is still concerned with saving his friend's reputation
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I foresee that we may yet involve your master in some dire catastrophe.”
Foreshadowing
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he has not destroyed this document.”
Shows that Dr. Jekyll had enough control over Mr. Hyde in order to not allow him to destroy the will
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in place of the name of Edward Hyde, the lawyer, with indescribable amazement, read the name of Gabriel John Utterson.
Dr. Jekyll rewrote the will and changed to name of his inheritor to Mr. Utterson which shows that Dr. Jekyll was able to subdue Mr. Hyde long enough to write it but not long enough to deliver it
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the strong smell of kernels
Cyanide is a poison that has been described as having a "bitter almond smell" but not everyone can smell it
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self-destroyer
Who truly is the self-destroyer? Mr. Hyde? Or is it Dr. Jekyll.
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Right in the midst there lay the body of a man sorely contorted and still twitching.
What's ironic is that the violent murderer Mr. Hyde chose to commit suicide instead of fighting against his confronatators. Why would a creature of pure evil who is quite powerful despite his size avoid the fight like a coward? Since if he got away he could continue to do more damage and harm. It seems that Mr. Hyde doesn't have full control over his own evil since he was born from Dr. Jekyll. They both seemed to have lost control over each other and this behavior was to much for Hyde to handle.
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it was not until the fifth
Religiously the number 5 symbolizes God's grace, goodness and favor toward humans.Five is the number of grace, and multiplied by itself, which is 25, is 'grace upon grace'. The Ten Commandments contains two sets of 5 commandments. The first five commandments are related to our treatment and relationship with God, and the last five concern our relationship with others There are five books of God's Law (Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy) commonly referred to as the Pentateuch ('Penta' means five).The Book of Psalms is also divided into five major sections.
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“Utterson,” said the voice, “for God’s sake, have mercy!”
Mercy by definition is compassion or forgiveness shown toward someone whom is within one's power to punish or harm, so is he asking in advance for Utterson's forgiveness in what he will discover inside?
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“Weeping like a woman or a lost soul,”
Dr. Jekyll is crying out
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(for what purpose, God alone can tell) is still lurking in his victim’s room
Only God knows the truth of what has happened. However, is Dr. Jekyll a victim? If he hadn't explored and pursued the darker side of science none of this would have ever happened. It was his own actions and choices that led him to this and now he is paying for his sins.
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like a monkey
Once again Mr. Hyde's animalistic and primal nature is shown
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“But if you mean, was it Mr. Hyde?—why, yes, I think it was!
Poole already knew what Mr. Utterson was thinking before he even said it
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“We both think more than we have said; let us make a clean breast. This masked figure that you saw, did you recognise it?”
Now Mr. Utterson is starting to embrace the reality of the reality of the situation and the fact that the masked figure is indeed Mr. Hyde and not an ill Dr. Jekyll
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“There is an axe in the theater,” continued Poole; “and you might take the kitchen poker for yourself.”
They are arming themselves with the belief that they are about to engage in battle. If Mr. Utterson truly didn't believe Poole's story than he wouldn't have taken the weapon. He was trying to come up with alternate explanations before as to what happened to Dr. Jekyll but it ultimately was him once again trying to avoid reality
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it is the belief of my heart that there was murder done.”
Poole is following his gut instinct in saying that "there was a murder done". Poole is partly correct however since Dr. Jekyll is now trying to kill Mr. Hyde who is a part of him.
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thing in the mask was never Dr. Jekyll
Once again, Mr. Hyde is hiding. Masks are a symbol of concealment and deception but Poole is not falling for his trick
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“that thing was not my master,
The irony is that "that thing" is actually his master
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is a tall, fine build of a man, and this was more of a dwarf.”
A hint that what Poole actually saw was Mr. Hyde but Mr. Utterson dismisses this statement
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“O, sir,” cried Poole, “do you think I do not know my master after twenty years? Do you think I do not know where his head comes to in the cabinet door, where I saw him every morning of my life?
Poole’s steadfast loyalty to Dr. Jekyll is borne out of twenty years of being his servant, not out of being his friend
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“Have you any of these papers?”
Again this expresses Mr. Utterson's doubt for Poole's story
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This drug is wanted bitter bad, sir, whatever for.”
Dr. Jekyll is actively trying to make a antidote to free himself from Mr. Hyde. It shows that Mr. Hyde has less power over Dr. Jekyll and that Jekyll is fighting for his life in an internal battle
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has been crying night and day for some sort of medicine and cannot get it to his mind.
Is Dr. Jekyll breaking through Mr. Hyde and crying out for a cure? If Dr. Jekyll is able to do this than maybe Hyde doesn't have a strong control over him
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“This is a very strange tale, Poole; this is rather a wild tale, my man,”
Mr. Utterson is skeptical of what Poole is telling him since again he is using logic and reason to figure out this situation
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why it stays there, is a thing that cries to Heaven, Mr. Utterson!”
Even Poole knows that whatever is in the laboratory it is not human
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when we heard him cry out upon the name of God;
Dr. Jekyll believes that God is the only one who can save him
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“It seems much changed,” replied the lawyer
He didn't confirm or deny what Poole was saying, Why? Is he trying to avoid the reality of the situation? Is he afraid of finally acknowledging the truth about Dr. Jekyll?
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“Sir,” he said, looking Mr. Utterson in the eyes, “was that my master’s voice?”
Poole has been with Dr. Jekyll for a long time so when Dr. Jekyll started to change, in this case with his voice, Poole easily noticed that something was really wrong. He started to worry and panic which is when he turns to Mr. Utterson since he knows that he is Dr. Jekyll's close friend. Mr. Utterson in Poole's opinion would be the only person who could confirm whether or not he is correct in his assumption that Dr. Jekyll is no longer there
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, with a note of something like triumph in his voice
Poole knows that this will be the proof he needs in order to show Mr. Utterson that something is seriously wrong with Dr. Jekyll. He feels the need to prove himself to Utterson since he is a lower social status
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it
Instead of saying Dr. Jekyll the author chose to the word "it" instead since now Dr. Jekyll is no longer himself; he is a monster in the form of Mr. Hyde.
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I want you to hear, and I don’t want you to be heard. And see here, sir, if by any chance he was to ask you in, don’t go.”
The situation that Mr. Utterson is about to face is dangerous since even Poole doesn't feel safe with him going inside. What would happen if Mr. Utterson did?
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“Hold your tongue!” Poole said to her, with a ferocity of accent that testified to his own jangled nerves
Even though Poole is incredibly anxious he still is able to maintain order and control in the household with his "ferocity of accent". This type of tone is necessary in order for her to obey his demand
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“They’re all afraid,” said Poole
Now they only feel safe around Mr. Utterson
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“What, what? Are you all here?” said the lawyer peevishly. “Very irregular, very unseemly; your master would be far from pleased.”
What's surprising is that only now the servants are getting concerned with what Dr. Jekyll is doing, why didn't they earlier in the text?
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“Bless God! it’s Mr. Utterson,” ran forward as if to take him in her arms.
All of the servants are compared to sheep since they all huddled together and they all don't know what to do in this situation. Mr. Utterson is greeted as if he was the Messiah ready to save them. They want Mr. Utterson to tell them what to do and be their leader since Dr. Jekyll can't. Mr. Utterson's first name is Gabriel which is another religious reference. God's archangel, Gabriel, in the Bible appears on earth during difficult times in order to reassure and impart God's strength to people. He is a symbol of comfort and protection, just like Mr. Utterson is to the servants.
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with a pale moon, lying on her back as though the wind had tilted her
The moon is personified in order to make the setting dramatic and intense
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observed with wonder the greatness of the relief that appeared upon the butler’s face
Poole is relieved that he isn't going alone and that Mr. Utterson trusts him enough to follow. It all gives Poole a sense of validation since Mr. Utterson wouldn't have followed if he didn't believe that what Poole was saying was true.
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“I think there’s been foul play,”
This adds a sense of mystery, ambiguity and suspense for the reader. Who murdered who?
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The man’s appearance amply bore out his words; his manner was altered for the worse; and except for the moment when he had first announced his terror, he had not once looked the lawyer in the face.
The way Poole is acting and looking is speaking more loudly than his words ever could. Mr. Utterson can clearly see on Poole's face the fear and terror and that he has.
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doggedly disregarding the question
Poole wants to tell Mr. Utterson why he is afraid but he is disregarding the question...it might be because he thinks Mr. Utterson won't believe him if he directly states it
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“Now, my good man,” said the lawyer, “be explicit. What are you afraid of?”
Mr. Utterson is still maintaining his composure, this continues to show his logical side when it comes to solving problems and figuring out what is wrong
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Poole is reluctant to reply
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sir
Even in this situation under worrisome circumstances Poole still throughout this conversation knows his position and status in comparison to Mr. Utterson's. Poole is very respectful and it shows that Dr. Jekyll must have a significant amount of money and status in society in order to hire a servant like Poole. Mr. Hyde's maid spoke ill of him and the language she was using was bad as well. It also demonstrates that while Mr. Hyde lives in a very dirty and poor area, Dr. Jekyll lives in a nice and respectful one.
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I don’t like it,
Normally someone of Poole's status wouldn't just say their opinion to someone who has a higher rank in society because it is improper. In this situation it shows how genuinely concerned he is for Dr. Jekyll and it also displays his loyalty. For him to be concerned it shows that Dr. Jekyll treats Poole with respect. This contrasts greatly to Mr. Hyde's personality since his servant didn't even care that he was gone for over 2 months.
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“and how he shuts himself up. Well, he’s shut up again in the cabinet;
"Shuts himself" shows a sense of confinement and darkness. Dr. Jekyll is basically imprisoned, when "he shuts" it shows that he is at war with himself. It represents the ongoing battle between Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
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“You know the doctor’s ways, sir,”
This shows that even Poole knows how close Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Utterson are
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said the lawyer.
Another reminder of societal status, even though Mr. Utterson poured Poole (the butler) a glass of wine, he will never be above the lawyer
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“Now, take your time, and tell me plainly what you want.”
Mr. Utterson is trying to calm Poole and himself down since they both are very worried
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said the man
Instead of saying Poole, the author makes a conscious choice to say "the man". It represents his status in society since he isn't even acknowledged by his own name
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“there is something wrong.”
Poole is being very ambiguous and vague
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“Mr. Utterson
The formal address between the two men doesn't change even though there is something urgent going on
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Poole, what brings you here?”
Mr. Utterson is very direct, blunt and a bit rude when he asks this. He's never really bothered with any pleasantries in the past and even in this situation that won't change
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“Bless me
Religious imagery. This emphasizes the sense of urgency and importance of the situation. It also shows how vulnerable Mr. Utterson is since he cried and indirectly asked for God's aid and protection
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when he was surprised to receive a visit from Poole.
Mr. Poole wouldn't visit Mr. Utterson out of the blue if it wasn't bad news concerning Dr. Jekyll. Maybe in this Chapter Mr. Poole will start to take matters into his own hands and defy the typical rules of society in order to save his master. The news that Mr. Poole is delivering might also defy the rules of society as well since it could be about Dr. Jekyll's experiments
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MR. UTTERSON was sitting by his fireside one evening after dinner
This is the first time in a while that Mr. Utterson has sat by his fireplace in the evening. Fire is a symbol for warmth and safety so after all of the events that have taken place, Mr. Utterson is taking comfort in his safety at home. It could also represent that in this Chapter he will leave his safety behind and enter into dangerous territory as he tries to uncover what is happening to Dr. Jekyll
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The Last Night
The name of Chapter 8 foreshadows that all of the events that have taken place so far are going to climax in this chapter. Will it be the last night of Dr. Jekyll? Or will it be the last night of Mr. Hyde
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But Mr. Enfield only nodded his head very seriously and walked on once more in silence.
What they have seen is kept hidden by their unspoken decision not to talk about it
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“God forgive us, God forgive us,” said Mr. Utterson.
Mr. Utterson is saying that they both have failed to save Dr. Jekyll from whatever it is that has caused his "abject terror and despair". Both feel guilty that they are relieved to leave but they believe that they should have done more to try and get Dr. Jekyll to come outside or more importantly let them inside.
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They were both pale; and there was an answering horror in their eyes.
This is the typical reaction for anyone who has ever laid eyes upon Mr. Hyde
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but the place is really not fit.”
Dr. Jekyll's excuse for why the men can't come inside. Is something in there that he doesn't want them to see?
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I dare not
Dr. Jekyll is afraid of himself and everything that he has done
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It will not last long, thank God.”
Foreshadowing Dr. Jekyll's death?
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Come, now; get your hat and take a quick turn with us.”
Even in this situation Mr. Utterson is till the voice of reason and logic, that part of his character will never go away
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that this was a back way to Dr. Jekyll’s!
Duality again, the houses are linked the same way that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are
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“Well,” said Enfield, “that story’s at an end at least. We shall never see more of Mr. Hyde.”
Foreshadowing that Mr. Enfield fails to see what is coming
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it seemed as if he had something on his mind
Dr. Jekyll has something IN his mind which is Mr. Hyde. It is impossible for him to control his own thoughts
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It is one thing to mortify curiosity, another to conquer it; and it may be doubted if, from that day forth, Utterson desired the society of his surviving friend with the same eagerness. He thought of him kindly; but his thoughts were disquieted and fearful. He went to call indeed; but he was perhaps relieved to be denied admittance
Mr. Utterson is finally beginning to doubt Dr. Jekyll’s seemingly good character since he is relieved to be denied admittance into his friend’s house. His relief may also come from his fear of being scared to discover the truth about Dr. Jekyll.
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A great curiosity came on the trustee, to disregard the prohibition and dive at once to the bottom of these mysteries; but professional honour and faith to his dead friend were stringent obligations; and the packet slept in the inmost corner of his private safe.
Is this a display of faith to his deceased friend since to him friendship overrides curiosity? Or is this Mr.Utterson trying to avoid reality?
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Utterson could not trust his eyes
This is a metaphor as well since he was unable to trust his eyes to notice that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde were actually the same person
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“not to be opened till the death or disappearance of Dr. Henry Jekyll.”
Was Dr. Lanyon worried that Mr. Hyde may discover the letter? Or did Dr. Lanyon not want Mr. Utterson to know the truth until after Dr. Jekyll died so he could not interfere with the situation? Either way, the instructions on the top of each envelope shows that whatever is inside must be extremely important
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he condemned the fear as a disloyalty
Mr. Utterson is scared of the contents in the envelope but he knows whatever is in it may help him figure out what is wrong with Dr. Jekyll. Opening the letter, to Mr. Utterson, means showing his loyalty to both Dr. Lanyon and Dr. Jekyll
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“I have buried one friend to-day,” he thought: “what if this should cost me another?”
Mr. Utterson knows that the contents of the envelope most likely contain information about what is going on with Dr. Jekyll and he knows it won't be good. He genuinely cares about Dr. Jekyll and he is concerned about losing his friend.
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“PRIVATE: for the hands of G. J. Utterson ALONE and in case of his predecease to be destroyed unread,”
Does this letter contain the secret that both Dr. Lanyon and Dr. Jekyll were hiding?
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A week afterwards Dr. Lanyon took to his bed, and in something less than a fortnight he was dead.
Mr. Hyde was most likely his cause of death and it was probably because he knew something he wasn't supposed to know
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but in view of Lanyon’s manner and words, there must lie for it some deeper ground.
In addition to knowing that Dr. Jekyll is hiding information, Mr. Utterson knows that Dr. Lanyon is as well and he wants to uncover it for himself
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terrors so unmanning
Mr. Hyde has taken away Dr. Jekyll's masculine characteristics; he no longer has courage or strength
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If I am the chief of sinners, I am the chief of sufferers also.
This shows Dr. Jekyll's internal conflict because of his dual personality (Mr. Hyde). This is another reference to the theme of duality
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You must suffer me to go my own dark way. I have brought on myself a punishment and a danger that I cannot name.
The "dark way" that Dr. Jekyll is suffering from is Mr. Hyde. The path that he took in order to create Mr. Hyde lacked morals and ethics and now he must suffer the consequences of his actions. He realized too late the significance of what he did and he knows that Mr. Hyde is pure evil..
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I mean from henceforth to lead a life of extreme seclusion
Mr. Hyde now has complete control over Dr. Jekyll
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often very pathetically worded, and sometimes darkly mysterious in drift.
It's very likely that Mr. Hyde is the one who is writing the letters and not Dr. Jekyll
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I cannot tell you.
Cannot because he doesn't want to? Or cannot because he is being forced not to say anything.
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“Some day, Utterson, after I am dead, you may perhaps come to learn the right and wrong of this.
Mr. Lanyon is implying that once he dies the truth will be uncovered about what exactly Dr. Jekyll is hiding
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we shall not live to make others
Potential foreshadow. Will they not live to make other friends because Mr. Hyde will kill them?
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to one whom I regard as dead.”
Dr. Jekyll is dead in the sense that now Mr. Hyde has taken complete control of him; he is no longer there
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he said in a loud, unsteady voice.
Further evidence that he knows more than he is letting on. He has seen something that has disturbed him to the point of not being able to stop trembling
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“Have you seen him?” But Lanyon’s face changed, and he held up a trembling hand.
He looks visibly distraught and even traumatized. By the way he is behaving Dr. Lanyon definitely knows more than he is telling Mr. Utterson
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“I have had a shock,” he said, “and I shall never recover.
Does he know that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are the same person?
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it was with an air of greatness that Lanyon declared himself a doomed man.
Is this foreshadowing that Dr. Lanyon will be Mr. Hyde's next innocent victim?
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he must know his own state and that his days are counted
Dr. Jekyll knows he won't be alive for much longer
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It was unlikely that the doctor should fear death; and yet that was what Utterson was tempted to suspect.
Throughout the chapters Mr. Hyde has become a symbol for death. Dr. Jekyll fears Mr. Hyde since he knows he will be the cause of his death.
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he did good
Finally things look to be turning around for Dr. Jekyll after all of the chaos, destruction and evil Mr. Hyde caused
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doctor was at peace.
He is seemingly free from the violence brought on by Mr. Hyde
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death-warrant written legibly upon his face. The rosy man had grown pale; his flesh had fallen away; he was visibly balder and older; and yet it was not so much, these tokens of a swift physical decay that arrested the lawyer’s notice, as a look in the eye and quality of manner that seemed to testify to some deep-seated terror of the mind.
This proves that Dr. Jekyll couldn't fight against Mr. Hyde anymore and is ultimately back in his grasp. The "death-warrant" could be both physical and metaphorical. His flesh "fell away" which is similar to a corpse; he is visibly decaying. The warrant being written legibly on his face is a metaphor for Mr. Hyde; he is ultimately what will kill Dr. Jekyll
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having now been used for the last two months to see his friend almost daily, he found this return of solitude to weigh upon his spirits.
Is Dr. Jekyll once again succumbing to the power and evil of Mr. Hyde?
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Much of his past was unearthed, indeed, and all disreputable: tales came out of the man’s cruelty, at once so callous and violent; of his vile life, of his strange associates, of the hatred that seemed to have surrounded his career; but of his present whereabouts, not a whisper.
The irony of this is that Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde are the same person so does Mr. Hyde really have a past or is it Dr. Jekyll? Most of what the people are saying about Mr. Hyde is most likely gossip.
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quaint
A synonym for quaint is cunning, which is what Dr. Jekyll is. He was described as having a "slyish cast" in Chapter 3.
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“there’s a rather singular resemblance; the two hands are in many points identical: only differently sloped.”
It is similar since they are the same person but since Mr. Hyde is very different from Dr. Jekyll, the slopes in his handwriting reflect that as well.
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the clerk laid the two sheets of paper alongside and sedulously compared their contents.
Mr. Guest is suspicious; he believes Dr. Jekyll may have something to do with this.
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The letter was written in an odd, upright hand and signed “Edward Hyde”:
Did Dr.Jekyll write the letter saying it was from Mr. Hyde? Or was it actually Mr Hyde. Either way, their handwriting would be similar since they are ultimately the same person and maybe Mr. Utterson will catch on to this.
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he might draw conclusions: was it not as well, then, that he should see a letter which put that mystery to rights? and above all since Guest, being a great student and critic of handwriting, would consider the step natural and obliging?
Mr. Utterson is convincing himself that it is okay for him to relay this information to Mr. Guest and show him the letter. Even though he trusts Mr. Guest, he is still reluctant since he usually relies on himself and this situation is a very one.
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The fog still slept
Mr. Hyde is still concealed
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self-reliant as he was by habit, he began to cherish a longing for advice.
This situation has changed Mr. Utterson as well
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“I have had a lesson—O God, Utterson, what a lesson I have had!”
Dr. Jekyll finally realized that what he was doing was wrong and unfortunately it took the trampling of a little girl and the violent death of Sir Danvers to figure it out. His curiosity about Mr. Hyde took control of him and he was blinded by it until he saw how much influence Mr. Hyde had on him. He lost control of his experiment and it had powerful, violent and evil consequences.
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“He meant to murder you. You have had a fine escape.”
Mr. Hyde controlled exactly what Dr. Jekyll wrote in the will. Mr. Utterson's suspicions were right all along
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“I have lost confidence in myself.”
Dr. Jekyll is disappointed in himself and what he has done; he doesn't trust himself anymore, especially since he has been tainted by Mr. Hyde.
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; I am quite done with him. I was thinking of my own character, which this hateful business has rather exposed.”
Now Dr. Jekyll is starting to worry about his reputation and the consequences that his actions will bring him
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And indeed he does not want my help; you do not know him as I do; he is safe, he is quite safe; mark my words, he will never more be heard of.”
Dr. Jekyll knows more about Mr. Hyde than what he lets on to other people, including his closest friend Mr. Utterson. It's his way of protecting himself but he also fears what he is capable of since Mr. Hyde is virtually uncontrollable.
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“Utterson, I swear to God,” cried the doctor, “I swear to God I will never set eyes on him again. I bind my honour to you that I am done with him in this world. It is all at an end. And indeed he does not want my help; you do not know him as I do; he is safe, he is quite safe; mark my words, he will never more be heard of.”
Dr. Jekyll is finally starting to come to his senses and he does not like what Mr. Hyde has been doing. He is now subconsciously trying to get rid of Mr. Hyde and he is finally fighting back. He is trying to abandon Mr. Hyde forever
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held out a cold hand and bade him welcome in a changed voice.
Lack of manners because of his illness even though this is not typical of Dr. Jekyll. The cold hand could be a symbol of his coming death and his changed voice is a representation of him now physically changing into Mr. Hyde
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sat Dr. Jekyll, looking deadly sick
Mr. Hyde has weakened him
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the light falling dimly through the foggy cupola.
A cupola is the architectural term for a dome on a roof. The light again can be a metaphor for Dr. Jekyll shining dimly through the fog of Mr. Hyde. The word dimly shows how Dr. Jekyll is barely there since Mr. Hyde has become more powerful and soon he will fade
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gazed round with a distasteful sense of strangeness
Mr. Utterson can sense that something is not right
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laboratory or the dissecting-rooms
The dissecting rooms being the other name for Dr. Jekyll's laboratory represents how gory and disturbing the experiments were that he was doing
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late in the afternoon
This can be symbolic of change; the late afternoon is transitioning into night
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that was the haunting sense of unexpressed deformity with which the fugitive impressed his beholders.
Even though the people who saw him varied in their accounts of what he looked like, everyone could sense his pure evil which is his deformity
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the rooms bore every mark of having been recently and hurriedly ransacked
Mr. Hyde is trying to escape the consequences of what he has done but the ransacking of the room continues shows how aggressive he is
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his habits were very irregular, and he was often absent
This is because he is living a double life
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This was the home of Henry Jekyll’s favourite; of a man who was heir to a quarter of a million sterling.
Mr. Hyde
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penny numbers
Their alternative name is penny dreadfuls or penny-blood. They were stories about adventures typically involving highway men or pirates but they later focused on crimes and the detection of them
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like a district of some city in a nightmare
Dystopia, Utterson's dream (or nightmare) is turning into a reality
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Soho
Prior to Victorian times Soho was a good area filled with gentry until they eventually moved out due to the cholera outbreak. It then progressed into a filthy area of crime and prostitution filled with underclass citizens. This also parallels the decline of Dr. Jekyll from an amazing and accomplished physician to animalistic Mr. Hyde, who has destroyed all of his morals.
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slatternly
It's dirty and messy. This is a symptom of underclass living
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the fog would be quite broken up, and a haggard shaft of daylight would glance
Metaphor for the light (Dr.Jekyll) peering through the fog (My. Hyde)
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conflagration
A synonym for an inferno which is a large fire that is dangerously out of control, like Mr. Hyde
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great chocolate-coloured pall
A pall is a funeral cover, another method of concealment. This also represents Mr Hyde but it could also represent Dr. Jekyll since it warns that his death could be near. The pall is also a symbol of mourning and grief; Dr. Jekyll would be the one mourned since he is lost to Mr.Hyde.
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the first fog of the season
It seems like the brutal attack has changed the weather since on the night Mr. Hyde attacked Sir Danvers there was also fog. Fogs also conceal things so it may represent that Mr. Hyde is hiding after what he did.
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“Is this Mr. Hyde a person of small stature?” he inquired.
Mr. Utterson is acting like he had never even seen, met or talked to Mr. Hyde before
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although it was of some rare and very tough and heavy wood, had broken in the middle under the stress of this insensate cruelty
This shows how much strength, power and violence Mr. Hyde truly possesses
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hailing down a storm of blows
The metaphor of the weather only intensifies Mr. Hyde's actions. Hailing shows that his beating is heavy, powerful and damaging. The blows are coming quickly and repeatedly. The storm represents how it was uncontrollable.
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he was trampling his victim under foot
Mr. Hyde is ferociously, mercilessly and sadistically beating this man. The trampling connects back to Chapter 1 when Mr. Hyde trampled over the little girl; this incident connects them both. Twice Mr. Hyde has inflicted crimes on two innocent people. In Chapter 1, the little girl represents youth, innocence and purity which Mr. Hyde destroyed and in this Chapter he destroyed Sir Danvers elegance and beauty. This shows that Mr. Hyde is unrelenting, he doesn't care what and who he hurts.
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ape-like fury
This could tie in to a theme of evolution. Ape-like can be interpreted as he has the strength of an ape or the appearance of one since he is very violent and animalistic. Physically he is also very short. If someone is called an ape it's because they lack class and apes are typically viewed as savages.
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clubbed
This word expresses Mr. Hyde as a caveman, someone who is primal and doesn't know how to control himself
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(as the maid described it)
It seems unlikely that this is how the maid described it since the phrases and expressions like "great flame of anger" or "ill-contained impatience" would be uncommon for someone who is a servant to say
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great flame of anger
Just like fire and flames, Mr. Hyde's anger and patience is uncontrollable. This loss of control shows that when Dr. Jekyll turns into Mr. Hyde he can't control him ; the evil of Mr. Hyde has weakened Dr. Jekyll.
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very small gentleman
Most likely Mr. Hyde
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beautiful gentleman
He represents the normal structured and moral society
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was brilliantly lit by the full moon
Full moons are usually associated with the supernatural and power (Ex-turning into a werewolf only happens during a full moon); it represents Mr. Hyde's evil and supernatural nature
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fog
Symbol that something bad will happen during this chapter
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“Well, but since we have touched upon this business, and for the last time I hope,” continued the doctor, “there is one point I should like you to understand. I have really a very great interest in poor Hyde.
Dr. Jekyll's relationship with Mr. Hyde is similar to a drug addiction; he can't stop himself from being involved with Mr. Hyde even though he knows he should stop
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I would trust you before any man alive, ay, before myself
This shows that Dr. Jekyll is completely aware that he cannot trust himself since he is beginning to lose control of his evil side, Mr. Hyde
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this is a private matter, and I beg of you to let it sleep
Dr. Jekyll doesn't want Mr. Utterson to question him on the subject anymore
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The large handsome face of Dr. Jekyll grew pale to the very lips, and there came a blackness about his eyes.
Dr. Jekyll's inner evil is starting to show. It has been hidden in him and he is struggling not to be in the grasp of his evil side, Mr. Hyde. Along with this evil, the blackness may also represent guilt or shame. He is battling his duality.
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sharply
Dr. Jekyll is being defensive and a bit aggressive; it's obvious that he is hiding something
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“You know I never approved of it,” pursued Utterson, ruthlessly disregarding the fresh topic.
Mr. Utterson is being very insistent that they discuss Dr. Jekyll's will which is ironic since he was described as unobtrusive in the first paragraph. It shows how much Mr. Utterson is affected by Mr. Hyde and how he is determined to figure out what is going on
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