17 Matching Annotations
  1. Feb 2022
    1. In the broadest sense, the concept of war refers to organized violence between distinct social entities. The entities involved in war may refer to nation-states (inter-state war), distinct social groups within a given state (civil war or revolution) or third parties representing states or groups who choose not to engage in war directly (proxy war)

      The broad concept of war

    2. Political economy is an interdisciplinary approach that draws on concepts from economics, law, political science and sociology to understand how economic, legal, political and social systems influence each other and outcomes.

      Definition of PE

    1. The proliferation of AI to non-state actors, the rapid pace of technological change and the growing sophistication of the new technologies are causing concerns, and there is a risk that policymakers are unprepared for sudden shifts in how AI technologies are used.

      AI ethics and development as political problem

  2. Dec 2021
    1. any armed system designed to be potentially lethal and, once put into operation, being able to execute the process of target selection and use of force without human intervention or supervision

      Definition of lethal autonomous weapons

    1. the question of how to improve our ability to forecast capability progress in AI remains an underdeveloped yet critical area of research

      Research gap

    2. Amidst fears over artificial intelligence ‘arms races’, much of the international debate on governing military uses of AI is still focused on preventing the use of lethal autonomous weapons systems (laws).

      Research problem

    1. The evolution of AI technologies and AI-enabled autonomous unmanned systems will continue to shape our daily lives and future warfare

      Legal and normative framework will have also certain influence on warfare and conflict resolution. The evolution of AI technology is dependent not only on military actors but rather on more various

    2. Technology in and of itself is not the principal issue. Rather, there are considerable ethical and moral consequences related to the implementation and integration of advanced AI systems for society and warfare

      Like dual-use issues, the problem is not ontological but rather instrumental plus ethical

  3. Nov 2021
    1. define an armed conflict as any contested incompatibility that concerns territory and/or government where the use of armed forces between two parties leads to at least 25 battle-deaths

      Definition of an armed conflict

    2. To analyze the impact of pro-government militias on post-conflict stability, we concentrate on the five years following a conflict that took place worldwide between 1981 and 200

      No justification for case selection and set criteria?

    3. H1: The presence of PGMs undertaking counterinsurgent activities in armed conflicts increases the risk of conflict recurrence

      Hypothesis

    4. lack systematic and generalizable research on the ‘longterm consequences of these groups on stability and peace’

      Research gap

    5. the influence of militia groups remains underexplored.

      Puzzle

    6. little about how counterinsurgent activities of pro-government militias shape postconflict situations

      Research gap

    7. the long-term costs of employing militia groups as counterinsurgents, even after the conflict has come to an end, remain unclear

      Puzzle

    1. The tenets of the liberal peace dominated peacebuilding academia and practice in the 1990s, guiding peace process designs aimed at achieving multi-party democratic systems characterised by ‘the rule of law, human rights, free and globalised markets and neoliberal development’ (Richmond 2006, 292). It was proposed that this would be achieved by progressing through a rigid set of phases: peacebuilders or peacemakers would begin with a ceasefire, then initiate pre-negotiations and negotiations, before supporting and funding the implementation of a settlement after which elections and liberal institution-building would follow.

      Liberal Peacebuilding

    2. The intricacy of the Syrian conflict, the extent of the violence inflicted within the state, and the failure of the traditional, linear model, seems to call for flexible and multifaceted peacemaking and peacebuilding, long-envisioned by academics and called for by all relevant policy frameworks and reports.

      New challenge