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    1. I was asking the doctor what he thought would be like the cause of my symptoms. I suggested something, and he justkind of brushed it off. I feel like I wish he would have just explained why that wouldn't have been the case, rather thanbrushing it off. It kind of left me wondering why did he brush it off? was it a dumb reason or something?” – PT13,BIPOC Woman.

      How likely is that patient to feel safe asking questions in the future (if they returned to that doctor at all) given this cold reception to a very normal question like this?

    2. "I was overweight but active, I complained about knee pain all the time, and doctors always said 'lose weight.' Well,one time on vacation, I got injured and had to go get X-rays done on my knee. When the X-rays came back, the doctorwas, like, “you have arthritis, and also your kneecap is misaligned.” My first reaction was 'I'm not even 30, and Ihave arthritis?' and then it was anger because I have been dismissed for like a decade". - PT11, BIPOC & LGBTQ+.

      So this patient saw a provider multiple times around chronic knee issues, and they didn't run imaging as a result of any of those visits, instead laying the blame for the pain on patient lifestyle factors... it's really frustrating to see that they likely could have figured this out sooner without a lot of patient invalidation.

    3. I saw written down ‘high-risk homosexual behavior’. She asked me if I ever had sex with men. She didn't ask me thelast time I had sex with men, and it couldn't have been because I hadn’t had sex in like months, (…) I just dislike forher to make that assumption, that I was out there having unprotected sex” – PT23, BIPOC & LGBTQ+ Non-binary.

      A few years ago, a friend and I started dating. We both approached our PCPs for STI testing since it had been 6+ months since our last tests - best practice in our respective communities.

      When my partner described our relevant behaviors to her provider, he initially favored only some tests she had proposed, but when my partner additionally disclosed I was trans to her provider, he suddenly was in favor of a larger panel of tests, even though I had not had other partners for some time and had shared my previous STI testing results. Mere knowledge of my trans status changed how the same behaviors were perceived in terms of risk to my partner. The exchange damaged rapport between that partner and her provider; when I heard about the exchange later, I remember feeling hurt by such a clear example of how my membership within a class alters provider perceptions.

    1. Given time constraints and competing priorities in medical education, including curriculathat addresses the needs of marginalized community members may be met with resistance.Prioritizing feedback from community members may also require a shift in theoreticalperspective among the medical education community. As Mogedal points out, “Learningfrom the community confirms that the community actually has something to contribute …[and] implies the willingness to share power (1993, p. 128).” Community advisory boardshave become commonplace in research and clinical settings, and community involvementcould also play an important role in competency development. Incorporating communitymembers into medical education curricular committees could be one way to better ensure theneeds of patients are represented.

      So, to ensure that community means are being met, involve people from those communities in education aimed at serving those communities and in focusing research on those communities so that it is actually addressing community needs.

    2. An incarcerated trans woman attempted self-orchiectomy because she was unableto access appropriate transgender care. She was brought to the EmergencyDepartment [where urology was consulted and] “salvaged” the testicles and thenshe was admitted to the jail psychiatric unit and discharged back to the county jailwhere a couple months the exact same thing happened…

      Gosh, that's a heck of an ethical dilemma. I'm at least a little sympathetic to the idea that urology may have wondered at the patient's mental state and ability to consent to simply completing the orchiectomy (maybe less involved than the repair?), but knowing she was incarcerated and the state they were in, I would hope for a better outcome than this.

    3. we wereunable to find validated tools for assessing LGBTQI competence within the field ofmedicine.

      I know there are complaints people justifiably have around the 'develop many cultural competencies' model in medical training, but I find it really interesting that the parallel shift from educational standards oriented at outcomes rather than didactic goals may have contributed to a gap in provider LGBTQI+ fluency.

    4. The medical community has long acknowledged that people who are not heterosexual or donot identify with the gender they were assigned at birth have significant disparities in healthoutcomes compared with cisgender3 and heterosexual people (

      I think this topic has not historically been a priority for funding inside NIMH and other federal health agencies prior to about 2022, when those outcomes weren't tied to a specific disease. I think things are starting to change after Biden's executive order in 2022 mandating collection of sexual orientation and gender identity data in major federal data collection efforts, which was previously a barrier in a number of efforts to collect 'official' government statistics in related areas like educational attainment, etc. One question I have as I reflect on this little note is, on what basis is this remark being made, and what are the limitations of the source (re: long acknolwedgment of health disparities)?

    5. Gender

      One thing that isn't always apparent to study authors is that if you ask questions in a way that others people, they may simply not participate in your study. Given the demographic questions on this table, it's quite possible I would have chosen not to proceed with filling out this questions, were I one of the people polled in this paper, though in my case I think it would have depended on what background information I had going into filling out the forms.

    6. Transwoman

      I would suggest using "trans woman" and "trans man" over transwoman or transman. The space is significant for a lot of people; 'trans woman' uses trans as an adjective that modifies woman, and places it on even footing with e.g. cis woman. Most often I see this usage without the space in contexts like "women and transwomen", which, as a trans person I generally feel pretty frustrated with.