A 20Y male patient presented with pheochromocytoma and genetic analysis confirmed a germline mutation c.311G>T (p.Gly104Val) in the VHL gene. He also presented with nausea, vomiting, progressively rising blood pressure, an epididymal cyst, scrotal hydrocele, portal/gonadal vein thrombosis and a nonfunctional adrenal mass at 20Y and a history of anxiety and episodic diaphoresis. This mutation was confirmed in the patient's 48Y father who presented with a T1 vertebral body hemangioma, multiple bilateral renal cysts, left adrenal nodularity, hearing loss and an indeterminate right kidney midpole lesion. The paternal first cousin once removed died due to complications from clear cell renal cell carcinoma at 50Y, although genotype for the cousin is not provided. Mother and 2 siblings of the proband tested negative for the VHL mutation.

PatientID: 1

KindredID: 5

Case: F, 13Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Positive. The patient's mother (4) also carried this mutation and had a hemangioblastoma. The proband's aunt (5) was confirmed to have the mutation and had VHL presentations. The cousin (8) had the mutation but was asymptomatic. The grandfather (13) was inferred to have the mutation and had a hemangioblastoma. See Figure 2a for family pedigree.

CohortInfo: 20 unrelated VHL families from an ethnically diverse cohort containing both affected and unaffected individuals.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797, HP:0001732 (hemangioblastoma, abnormality of the pancreas)

CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a hemangioblastoma and abnormality of the pancreas at age 10.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0005584, HP:0002666, HP:0000077 (retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, abnormality of the kidney)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: 31368132

SupplementalData: Supplementary file 1.

Variant: p.F136Lfs*23 (c.408delT)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

LegacyVariant: N/A

ClinVarID: 43601 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/43601/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: minus_1_frameshift_variant

CivicName: F136Lfs*23 (c.408delT)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

20 vHL families were retrospectively identified in SickKids Genetics and Cancer Genetics Program SHIRE genetics database, with data entered between 30 August 1984 and 8 August 2016. Family 5 was found with this frameshift mutation, c.408delT in the VHL gene . The female proband (ID 1) was found with hemangioblastoma, abnormality of the pancreas and had a VHL age of onset of 10Y and her last known age was 13Y. Her mother (ID 4) was found with hemangioblastoma at 37Y and was 39Y at the time of the study. Her aunt (ID 5) was found with hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, abnormality of the kidney, abnormality of the pancreas, had a VHL age of onset of 29Y and her last known age was 37Y. Her male cousin (ID 8) was 5Y and had no manifestations. Her grandfather (ID 13) was not genetically confirmed with the mutation, but was found with hemangioblastoma at 57Y and was 63Y at the time of the study. This family was later published in 31368132.

In a study of 426 unrelated VHL patients, 111 were discovered to have alterations in the VHL gene. 18 novel variants were identified in VHL patients, but none were present in 200 unaffected control individuals. DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis of the entire coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries. The C162F (c.485G>T) germline missense mutation of the VHL gene was found in a 34 yr old VHL patient with multiple pancreatic cysts or tumors, pheochromocytoma, renal cysts, and central nervous system and retinal hemangioblastomas (index case 74).

In a study of 426 unrelated VHL patients, 111 were discovered to have alterations in the VHL gene. 18 novel variants were identified in VHL patients, but none were present in 200 unaffected control individuals. DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis of the entire coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries. This missense mutation, c.191G>C, was found in a 26 year old VHL patient with pheochromocytoma and no family history (index case 123). Only supporting evidence for pathogenicity because patient's phenotype is highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

In a study of 426 unrelated VHL patients, 111 were discovered to have alterations in the VHL gene. 18 novel variants were identified in VHL patients, but none were present in 200 unaffected control individuals. DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis of the entire coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries. This splice site variant, c.463+1G>T, was found in an asymptomatic 8 year-old with family history of VHL disease (index case 242).

In a study of 426 unrelated VHL patients, 111 were discovered to have alterations in the VHL gene. 18 novel variants were identified in VHL patients, but none were present in 200 unaffected control individuals. DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis of the entire coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries. The T157I (c.470C>T) germline missense mutation of the VHL gene was found in two VHL patients (23Y and 26Y). Both had retinal hemangioblastomas and pheochromocytoma (index cases 8 and 19). The 23 yr old patient also had hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system.

In a study of 426 unrelated VHL patients, 111 were discovered to have alterations in the VHL gene. 18 novel variants were identified in VHL patients, but none were present in 200 unaffected control individuals. DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis of the entire coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries. This nonsense mutation, c.481C>T, was found in 3 VHL patients. The 17-year-old VHL patient only had hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system (CNS) (index case 218). The 24-year-old VHL patient had CNS hemangioblastomas and clear cell renal cell carcinoma (index case 46). The 29-year-old VHL patient had CNS and retinal capillary hemangioma and pheochromocytoma (index case 79). ACMG code as follows: There is very strong evidence for pathogenicity in the form of a nonsense variant in a gene where loss-of-function is a known mechanism of disease.

In a study of 426 unrelated VHL patients, 111 were discovered to have alterations in the VHL gene. 18 novel variants were identified in VHL patients, but none were present in 200 unaffected control individuals. DNA samples from peripheral blood leukocytes underwent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification, denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis of the entire coding sequence and intron-exon boundaries. The L169P (c.506T>C) germline missense mutation of the VHL gene was found in a 21 yr old VHL patient with retinal hemangioblastomas (index case 344).

Molecular and clinical analysis of 126 French VHL families tested for renal involvement revealed 92 different mutations. 90 of these families had renal involvement. The p.R161* (c.481C>T) germline variant of the VHL gene was detected in a family (ID 41). Members 4732 and 1426 had unknown renal involvement. Member 1825 had no renal involvement. Members 1206 and 3600 presented with mild renal disease. Members 4616, 4731, 4446 and 1937 presented with moderate renal disease (RCC). Another family (ID 46) was found with this variant. Member 5024 had unknown renal involvement. Member 5025 had no renal involvement. Another member (no ID provided) presented with mild renal disease (RCC) as well as member 5080. Member 5078 presented with moderate renal disease (RCC). The paper states that these families are previously reported in PMID 12202531 and/or 9829912.

Molecular and clinical analysis of 126 French VHL families tested for renal involvement revealed 92 different mutations. 90 of these families had renal involvement. The p.S65P (c.193T>C) germline variant of the VHL gene was detected in a family (ID 185). Member 9359 has unknown renal involvement. Member 9357 presented with mild renal disease. Member 1052 had no renal involvement. Member 3979 has moderate renal disease (RCC). The paper states that this family is previously reported in PMID 12202531, where 2 patients with this mutation are reported but relation between patients is unknown.

Molecular and clinical analysis of 126 French VHL families tested for renal involvement revealed 92 different mutations. 90 of these families had renal involvement. The p.C162Y (c.485G>A) germline variant of the VHL gene was detected in a family (ID 17). Member 753 presented with moderate renal disease (RCC), member 11338 had unknown renal involvement, member 696 presented with severe renal disease (RCC) and members 2368 and 699 presented with mild renal disease.

Fourty-four of 389 patients with VHL (between 1988-1999) screened positive for pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PNETs) either by pathologic analysis of tissue specimens or by characteristic radiographic appearance on CT and MRI. VHL gene germline mutations were determined by quantitative Southern blotting to detect deletions of the gene and gene rearrangements as well as complete gene sequencing. Patient 43 was found to have the gemline VHL mutation c.562C>G (stated as 775 C to G in the paper which used the Latif sequence as reference) leading to a Leu to Val change at protein position 188. She presented with four pathologic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors at age 35. She was also found to harbour the c.241C>T (stated in the paper as 454 C to T) VHL gene mutation leading to a Pro to Ser change at protein position 81. ACMG evidence codes: 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

Fourty-four of 389 patients with VHL (between 1988-1999) screened positive for PNETs either by pathologic analysis of tissue specimens or by characteristic radiographic appearance on CT and MRI. VHL gene germline mutations were determined by quantitative Southern blotting to detect deletions of the gene and gene rearrangements as well as complete gene sequencing. Patient 14, a 42 year old male, was found to harbour the c.490 C>T mutation in the VHL gene (stated as 703 C to T in the paper which used the Latif sequence for reference) leading to a premature stop codon at protein position 164 in exon 3. He presented with a single pathologic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. ACMG evidence codes: 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

Fourty-four of 389 patients with VHL (between 1988-1999) screened positive for PNETs either by pathologic analysis of tissue specimens or by characteristic radiographic appearance on CT and MRI. VHL gene germline mutations were determined by quantitative Southern blotting to detect deletions of the gene and gene rearrangements as well as complete gene sequencing. One patient (15), a 26 year old female, was found to harbour the p.Val181Glyfs*20 (c.540_543delCGTC) VHL gene mutation, stated in the paper as c.753_756delCGTC according to an older transcript reference. She presented at 21Y with a single radiologic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. No family information was present.

Fourty-four of 389 patients with VHL (between 1988-1999) screened positive for PNETs either by pathologic analysis of tissue specimens or by characteristic radiographic appearance on CT and MRI. VHL gene germline mutations were determined by quantitative Southern blotting to detect deletions of the gene and gene rearrangements as well as complete gene sequencing. One patient (20), a 68-year-old male, was found to harbour the c.278G>A mutation in the VHL gene (stated as 491 G to A in the paper which used the Latif sequence as reference) leading to an amino acid change of Gly to Asp at protein position 93. He presented with a single radiologic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. ACMG evidence codes: 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

PatientID: 24

KindredID: 3775

Case: F, 39Y3M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: N/A

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0030405 (pancreatic endocrine tumour)

CaseHPOFreeText: She presented with 1 radiographic pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor diagnosed at age 38Y. Follow up 15M after EN surgery, currently no evidence of disease.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.L128F (c.381_382delinsTT)

LegacyVariant: p.L>F (c.594_595GC>TT)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223203 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223203

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: delins

CivicName: L128F (c.381_382delinsTT)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

14 Chinese patients from 10 families were diagnosed with Von Hippel-Lindau disease based on clinical criteria. Genetic testing using single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) was conducted and aberrant bands were purified and sequenced. Family III had 4 people belonging to it Patinet 4, 5, 6, and 7. They were found to harbour the c.340+5G>C mutation in the VHL gene (stated as c.553+5G>C in the paper which used the Latif sequence as reference). They all presented with hemangioblastomas; patient 4 presented with pancreatic tumors. This mutation c.340+5G>C has a large allele frequency and therefore a polymorphism that is likely non disease causing

PatientID: 6

KindredID: III

Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Chinese

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Patient had three other family members with additional CNS hemangioblastomas and the same splice site mutation. Their one family member, patient 4, also presented with pancreatic tumors.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: c.340+5G>C

LegacyVariant: c.553+5G>C

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 36901, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/36901/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.01119 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183876-G-C

VariantEvidence: This variant’s large allele frequency means this is likely non disease causing (not deleterious). Mutation was predicted to compromise the elongin-binding region. Refer to table 3 for LOH information on VHL and ZAC1.

MutationType: splice_site_variant

CivicName: Splice Region (c.340+5G>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

A study of 103 patients with VHL retinal manifestations and 108 patients without VHL retinal manifestations extracted from the French VHL database revealed that the number of hemangioblastomas appeared higher in patients who had a substitution when compared with patients with a truncated protein. Detected by PCR and SSCP, the missense mutation (c.481C>T (p.Arg161Ter)) was found in 8 patients total - 3 of which are stated to have retinal HBs and 5 are said to not. Other manifestations are possible but not clear. This is possibly previously published in PMID: 15300849

A study of 103 patients with VHL retinal manifestations and 108 patients without VHL retinal manifestations extracted from the French VHL database revealed that the number of hemangioblastomas appeared higher in patients who had a substitution when compared with patients with a truncated protein. Detected by PCR and SSCP, this missense mutation (p.Q132P (c.395A>C)) was found in a VHL patient without retinal hemangioblastomas. Other manifestations are not clearly stated. No family information was provided. This is possibly previously published in PMID: 15300849

A study of 103 patients with VHL retinal manifestations and 108 patients without VHL retinal manifestations extracted from the French VHL database revealed that the number of hemangioblastomas appeared higher in patients who had a substitution when compared with patients with a truncated protein. Detected by PCR and SSCP, this mutation p.V130L (c.388G>C) was found in 3 VHL patients. 2 members were said to have retinal hemangioblastomas, while the other member was said not to have this phenotype. Other manifestations are not clearly stated. No family information or relation was provided. This is possibly previously published in PMID: 15300849

A study of 103 patients with VHL retinal manifestations and 108 patients without VHL retinal manifestations extracted from the French VHL database revealed that the number of hemangioblastomas appeared higher in patients who had a substitution when compared with patients with a truncated protein. Detected by PCR and SSCP, this mutation p.C162W (c.486C>G) was found in 4 VHL patients. All 4 didn’t have retinal hemangioblastomas, while other manifestations are not clearly stated. No family information or relation was provided. This is possibly previously published in PMID: 15300849

A study of 103 patients with VHL retinal manifestations and 108 patients without VHL retinal manifestations extracted from the French VHL database revealed that the number of hemangioblastomas appeared higher in patients who had a substitution when compared with patients with a truncated protein. Detected by PCR and SSCP, this missense mutation (p.H115Q (c.345C>G)) was found in a VHL patient without retinal hemangioblastomas. Other manifestations are not clearly stated. No family information was provided. This is possibly previously published in PMID: 15300849

PatientID: IV-12

KindredID: 1

Case: M, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

FamilyInfo: 38 family members had been affected at the date of 1986, and 10 had passed away. Pheochromocytoma, cerebellar, spinal and retinal hemangioblastomas, and various cysts were clinical manifestations of VHL seen throughout the family. This male (IV-12) appears to have inherited this disease from his mother however her children were unaffected at the time. See Fig. 1 for family pedigree.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseHPOFreeText: This member was examined in St. Johns at the Memorial University of Newfoundland. He had retinal angiomas which were not further described.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: Although never given at the time of this publication, the germline mutation is confirmed in this family in later publications (PMID 7987306; 29437867) for this specific family. It is only here assumed this member had the VHL mutation.

ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: IV-21

KindredID: 1

Case: F, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

FamilyInfo: 38 family members had been affected at the date of 1986, and 10 had passed away. Pheochromocytoma, cerebellar, spinal and retinal hemangioblastomas, and various cysts were clinical manifestations of VHL seen throughout the family. This patient (IV-21) appears to have inherited this disease from her mother. See Fig. 1 for family pedigree.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseHPOFreeText: This member was examined in St. Johns at the Memorial University of Newfoundland. She had retinal angiomas which were not further described.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: Although never given at the time of this publication, the germline mutation is confirmed in this family in later publications (PMID 7987306; 29437867) for this specific family. It is only here assumed this member had the VHL mutation.

ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: III-7

KindredID: 1

Case: M, Age Unknown (deceased), Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

FamilyInfo: 38 family members had been affected at the date of 1986, and 10 had passed away. Pheochromocytoma, cerebellar, spinal and retinal hemangioblastomas, and various cysts were clinical manifestations of VHL seen throughout the family. This male (III-7) appears to have inherited this disease from his father and has passed it onto to his kin thereafter. See Fig. 1 for family pedigree.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: This patient had pheochromocytoma as well as Vitamin-D-Resistant rickets, likely inherited from his mother.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: Although never given at the time of this publication, the germline mutation is confirmed in this family in later publications (PMID 7987306; 29437867) for this specific family. It is only here assumed this member had the VHL mutation.

ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: IV-2

KindredID: 1

Case: F, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

FamilyInfo: 38 family members had been affected at the date of 1986, and 10 had passed away. Pheochromocytoma, cerebellar, spinal and retinal hemangioblastomas, and various cysts were clinical manifestations of VHL seen throughout the family. This patient (IV-2) appears to have inherited this disease from her father, along with many of her siblings. She also had an affected daughter with retinal angiomas. See Fig. 1 for family pedigree.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711 (retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseHPOFreeText: This member had retinal angiomas which was not further described.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

LegacyVariant: N/A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: Although never given at the time of this publication, the germline mutation is confirmed in this family in later publications (PMID 7987306; 29437867) for this specific family. It is only here assumed this member had the VHL mutation.

ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Between 1994 and 2001, the Dutch VHL working group conducted DNA analysis on 146 probands with VHL-associated manifestations. DNA of probands was extracted from peripheral blood samples. Exons 1, 2 and 3 of the VHL gene and their flanking untranslated and intronic coding sequences were amplified by PCR and subjected to semi-automated sequence analysis. Screening for structural rearrangements, including deletions, involving the VHL gene was performed by Southern blot analysis and the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay. Deletions encompassing the entire VHL gene were confirmed by FISH analysis on lymphocytes from affected individuals. VHL mutations were identified in 43 families. This mutation (c.548C>A) was detected in 1 member of family 22. The patient presented with CNS hemangioblastoma and retinal capillary hemangioma. The patient does not have a family history of VHL disease. The genetic information of the patient's parents are not available.

Data was collected from 82 VHL mutation carriers in the Dutch VHL surveillance program. One patient was found with this missense varaint in the VHL gene. The patient was 43Y at the last follow-up and presented with: retinal hemangioblastoma, spinal cord hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma, and renal cysts. Family history was not described. This cohort was published later in PMID 31087189.

Data was collected from 82 VHL mutation carriers in the Dutch VHL surveillance program. One patient age 20Y at the last follow-up had retinal hemangioblastoma and a germline c.208G>A (p.Glu70Lys) mutation in the VHL gene. Family history was not described. This cohort was published later in PMID 31087189.

Data was collected from 82 VHL mutation carriers in the Dutch VHL surveillance program. One patient was found with this missense varaint in the VHL gene. The patient was 27Y at the last follow-up and presented with: pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour and pheochromocytoma. Family history was not described. This cohort was published later in PMID 31087189.

Data was collected from 82 VHL mutation carriers in the Dutch VHL surveillance program. Seven patients were found with this missense variant in the VHL gene. The ages of the patients was represented as a range 7-88 (mean 45). Phenotypes were grouped together: pheochromocytoma and renal cysts, although it is unclear if only one of the seven patients had renal cysts. Family history was not described. This cohort was published later in PMID 31087189.

GroupID: None

Case: Sex Unknown, 63Y0M, Dutch

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: N/A

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0006880, HP:0009713, HP:0005584, HP:0000107 (Retinal capillary hemangioma, Cerebellar hemangioblastoma, Spinal hemangioblastoma, Renal cell carcinoma, Renal cyst)

CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: This cohort was published later in PMID 31087189

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R79C (c.235C>T)

LegacyVariant: c.235 (CAG-TAG)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: written in the publication as c.235 (CAG-TAG), deduced to c.235C>T: p.Arg79Cys updated nomenclature

ClinVarID: 161400 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/161400/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.00002168, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183766-C-T

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant; transition

CivicName: R79C (c.235C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Data was collected from 82 VHL mutation carriers in the Dutch VHL surveillance program. Two patients were found with the missense mutation, c.241C>T, in the VHL gene. One patient was 34Y and the other was 59Y at last follow-up. Their phenotypes were grouped together: retinal hemangioblastoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, spinal cord hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour, pheochromocytoma, and renal cysts. Family history was not described. The group was classified as a 2a/b which was described by the author to included de novo VHL mutation carriers or VHL mutation carriers having a family history with diagnosis of pheochromocytoma and other VHL related manifestations.

PatientID: 5

KindredID: N/A

Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: N/A

CohortInfo: The authors evaluated 64 VHL patients (32 women and 32 men) with renal involvement of whom 54/64 had undergone renal surgery or a radiofrequency thermal ablation procedure for RCC. In 10/64 VHL patients, at least one or more RCC were diagnosed, however at the time of diagnosis an indication for treatment was not yet present. For all patients several CT/MRI scans existed for retrospective description of tumour growth kinetics.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (Renal cell carcinoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: This is a tumor resolution study (VHL patients were investigated based on the presence of renal tumors.) No other phenotypic information is available.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S2 describes 9 patients with nonsense mutations, including this patient.

Variant: p.S65* (c.194C>A)

LegacyVariant: c.407C>A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223161, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223161/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: S65* (c.194C>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

The authors described the growth kinetics of 96 renal tumours in 64 VHL patients (32 males, 32 females). All patients had VHL disease with renal involvement. 54/64 had undergone renal surgery or a radiofrequency thermal ablation procedure for RCC. In 10/64 patients, at least one or more RCC was diagnosed. However, at the time of diagnosis, an indication for treatment was not yet present. For all patients, several CT/MRI scans existed for retrospective description of tumour growth kinetics. 10-ml EDTA anticoagulated blood samples were available from each patient for mutation screening of all exons of the VHL gene. Genomic DNA from blood samples was extracted using standard methods. Small deletions/insertions or point mutations were identified by DNA sequencing followed by complete mutation screening using PCR/single-strand conformation polymorphism and denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography. A germline nonsense variant p.S183*(c.548C>A) was identified in patient #57. This mutation was noted as c.761C>A in the paper due to a difference in reference transcript used (see Table S2).

PatientID: 4

KindredID: N/A

Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: N/A

CohortInfo: The authors evaluated 64 VHL patients (32 women and 32 men) with renal involvement of whom 54/64 had undergone renal surgery or a radiofrequency thermal ablation procedure for RCC. In 10/64 VHL patients, at least one or more RCC were diagnosed, however at the time of diagnosis an indication for treatment was not yet present. For all patients several CT/MRI scans existed for retrospective description of tumour growth kinetics.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (Renal cell carcinoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: This is a tumor resolution study (VHL patients were investigated based on the presence of renal tumors.) No other phenotypic information is available.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: Supplementary Table S1 describes 19 patients with missense mutations, including this patient.

Variant: p.V155M(c.463G>A)

LegacyVariant: c.676G>A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223219, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223219/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: V155M (c.463G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

KindredID: 33

GroupID: 43

GroupSize: Unknown

GroupNumberMales: Unknown

GroupNumberFemales: Unknown

GroupEthnicity: Unknown

GroupAgeRange: Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupInfo: Kindred no.33 describes a family where at least one member (unspecified how many) had this mutation in the VHL gene. Family history indicates that pheochromocytoma is present in this kindred.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: This study investigated the frequency of different mutation classes between kindreds with and without pheochromocytoma. No other information about disease presentation within members of a kindred could be inferred.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

LegacyVariant: c.713G>A (p.R238Q)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2216, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000003977, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

VariantEvidence:

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

One hundred and sixteen unrelated VHL disease patients have been investigated by molecular genetic analysis. Twenty-two of these were previously shown to have germline deletions on Southern analysis, and in the present study the remaining 94 patients were screened for intragenic mutations via SSCP and heteroduplex analysis of 855 bp of the VHL coding sequence and 800 bp of the 3' UTR. An intragenic mutation was identified in 55 (59%) out of 94 patients without germline deletions on Southern analysis. In all patients with multiple affected family members the missense mutation segregated with the disease. Large deletions or intragenic mutations predicted to cause a truncated protein were found in 36 of 53 families without pheochromocytoma (VHL type 1) and 2 of 12 families with pheochromocytoma (VHL type 2). This study also investigated the frequency of different mutation classes between kindreds with and without pheochromocytoma. The c.337C>T (p.R113) stop-gain mutation (noted as c.550C>T (p.R184) in the paper due to a difference in reference transcript used) was found in at least one patient in 2 kindreds (families): kindred no. 30 and 136. Pheochromocytoma was not observed in any members of kindred no. 136 (implying the affected patient(s) had VHL disease type 1). No phenotypic information was reported for members of kindred no. 30. ACMG evidence codes: none.

One hundred and sixteen unrelated VHL disease patients have been investigated by molecular genetic analysis. Twenty-two of these were previously shown to have germline deletions on Southern analysis, and in the present study the remaining 94 patients were screened for intragenic mutations via SSCP and heteroduplex analysis of 855 bp of the VHL coding sequence and 800 bp of the 3' UTR. An intragenic mutation was identified in 55 (59%) out of 94 patients without germline deletions on Southern analysis. In all patients with multiple affected family members the missense mutation segregated with the disease. Large deletions or intragenic mutations predicted to cause a truncated protein were found in 36 of 53 families without pheochromocytoma (VHL type 1) and 2 of 12 families with pheochromocytoma (VHL type 2). This study also investigated the frequency of different mutation classes between kindreds with and without pheochromocytoma. The p.Y98H (c.292T>C) variant (noted asp.Y169H (c.505T>C) in the paper due to a difference in reference transcript used) was found in at least one patient in kindred 22. No familial phenotypic information could be inferred from the paper.

PatientID: 5

KindredID: 1

Case: Sex Unknown, 35Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Significant family history. Pedigree follows 8 generations (see Figure 3). Family immigrated to Iowa, US, from Baden-Baden, Germany, in 1832; Likely sharing a common ancestor to the traced lineage of the Black Forest region of Germany.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (pheochromocytoma; retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseHPOFreeText: 20Y at first pheochromocytoma and ocular angioma (retinal capillary hemangioma); both bilateral. Total of 2 ocular angiomas and 2 pheochromocytomas.

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Y98H (c.292T>C)

LegacyVariant: p.Y98H (c.505T>C)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVar: 2223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2223/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.00001343 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183823-T-C

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: Y98H (c.292T>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

216 patients with clinically expected VHL disease due to family history or presence of VHL typical tumours were routinely examined in an eye centre in Germany between January 2019 and January 2020, majority of which were of European descent (~95%). Since data on the genotype–phenotype correlation of the onset of Retinal Hemangioblastoma (RH) is scarce in relation to VHL disease, this study wanted to inversitage the relationship between VHL gene variants (truncating vs single amino acid substitutions) and the ocular phenotype of the disease. 42 different rare VHL gene variants in 148 patients were detected - some of whom had RH and some who did not. Although date of onset of RH, as well as data on central nervous system haemangioblastomas (CNSH), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) were collected, it was not reported on a per patient basis and therefore could not be discussed per variant. There was 1 patient reported with the c.238A>C (p.S80R) mutation. This member presented with retinal hemangiomas. No family information was provided.

216 patients with clinically expected VHL disease due to family history or presence of VHL typical tumours were routinely examined in an eye centre in Germany between January 2019 and January 2020, majority of which were of European descent (~95%). Since data on the genotype–phenotype correlation of the onset of Retinal Hemangioblastoma (RH) is scarce in relation to VHL disease, this study wanted to inversitage the relationship between VHL gene variants (truncating vs single amino acid substitutions) and the ocular phenotype of the disease. 42 different rare VHL gene variants in 148 patients were detected - some of whom had RH and some who did not. Although date of onset of RH, as well as data on central nervous system haemangioblastomas (CNSH), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL), clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) were collected, it was not reported on a per patient basis and therefore could not be discussed per variant. There were 3 patients reported with the p.S183* (c.548C>A) mutation. All 3 members presented with retinal hemangiomas, while no other clinical manifestations were discussed. Additionally, no family information was provided.

216 patients with clinically expected VHL disease due to family history or presence of VHL typical tumours were routinely examined in an eye centre in Germany between January 2019 and January 2020, majority of which were of European descent (~95%). Since data on the genotype–phenotype correlation of the onset of Retinal Hemangioblastoma (RH) is scarce in relation to VHL disease, this study wanted to inversitage the relationship between VHL gene variants (truncating vs single amino acid substitutions) and the ocular phenotype of the disease. 42 different rare VHL gene variants in 148 patients were detected - some of whom had RH and some who did not. Although date of onset of RH, as well as data on central nervous system haemangioblastomas (CNSH), pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma (PPGL), clear cell renalcell carcinoma (ccRCC) and pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasm (PNEN) were collected, it was not reported on a per patient basis and therefore could not be discussed per variant. There was 1 patient reported with the c.269A>T (p.N90I) mutation. This member presented with retinal hemangiomas. No family information was provided.

PatientID: 18

GroupID/ KindredID: 18

Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: hemangioblastoma

FamilyInfo: N/A

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: other phenotypes unknown.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: c.340+1G>A

LegacyVariant: c.553+1G>A

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223190 http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223190

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: splice_site_variant

CivicName: Splice Site (c.340+1G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

A cohort of 141 patients with hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system was analyzed. 81 patients had germline mutations in the VHL gene, analyzed through peripheral blood by Southern blotting and SSCP analysis. This missense mutation (c.500G>A) was recorded in the paper as c.713G>A due to a difference in transcript sequence. It was found in one patient with a hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system. Any family information is unknown. No other phenotypes described.

A cohort of 141 patients with hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system was analyzed. 81 patients had germline mutations in the VHL gene, analyzed through peripheral blood by Southern blotting and SSCP analysis. This nonsense mutation (c.548C>A) was recorded in the paper as c.761C>A due to a difference in transcript sequence. It was found in 4 patients with hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system. Any family information or relations is unknown. No other phenotypes described.

A cohort of 141 patients with hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system was analyzed. 81 patients had germline mutations in the VHL gene, analyzed through peripheral blood by Southern blotting and SSCP analysis. This missense mutation (c.241C>T) was recorded in the paper as c.454C>T due to a difference in transcript sequence. It was found in 1 patient with a hemangioblastoma of the central nervous system. Any family information is unknown. No other phenotypes described.

GroupID: 15

DiseaseAssertion: hemangioblastoma

GroupSize: 21

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: 21 out of the 81 patients listed in this hemangioblastoma cohort were found with this c.292T>C mutation. Any relation is unknown.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: all patients had hemangioblastoma of the CNS; other phenotypes are unknown. 13 patents were said to be found with primary asymptomatic tumors.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Y98H (c.292T>C)

LegacyVariant: p.Y98H (c.505T>C)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2223/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.00001343 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183823-T-C

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant; transition

CivicName: Y98H (c.292T>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

A cohort of 141 patients with hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system was analyzed. 81 patients had germline mutations in the VHL gene, analyzed through peripheral blood by Southern blotting and SSCP analysis. This splice site mutation (c.463+1G>C) was recorded in the paper as c.676+1G>C due to a difference in transcript sequence. It was found in 2 patients with hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system. Any family information or relations is unknown. No other phenotypes described.

GroupID: 2

DiseaseAssertion: hemangioblastoma

GroupSize: 2

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: 2 out of the 81 patients listed in this hemangioblastoma cohort were found with this c.194C>G mutation. Any relation is unknown.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: all patients had hemangioblastoma of the CNS; other phenotypes are unknown

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.S65W (c.194C>G)

LegacyVariant: p.S65W (c.407C>G)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 43597 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/43597/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

CivicName: S65W (c.194C>G)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID: None

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: 82 GroupNumberMales: N/A GroupNumberFemales: N/A GroupEthnicity: N/A GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: Pennsylvania kindred with VHL Type 2A.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0002666; HP:0009711 (Pheochromocytoma, Retinal capillary hemangioma)

GroupHPOFreeText: 18 living individuals with only pheochromocytoma. 7 living individuals with only retinal angioma. 6 living individuals with both. 51 other first-degree relatives. 5 additional relatives with pheochromocytomas, including a 69Y woman and her 42Y son described previously as non-penetrant individuals (PMID 8239848). Family classified as a VHL Type 2A (pheochromocytoma, retinal angioma, CNS hemangioblastoma, and little to no RCC).

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0005584 (Renal cell carcinoma)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: 8239848 (no genetic information; only phenotypes); 21713522

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Y112H (c.334T>C)

LegacyVariant: c.547T>C

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2222, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2222/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: All 31 individuals (including 6 archival specimens) with a diagnosis of pheochromocytoma, retinal angioma or both had the identical mutation.

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: Y112H (c.334T>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

A study describing phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of VHL in an Indian population of 31 subjects, from 15 families diagnosed with VHL. Multi-cystic pancreas and CNS hemangioblastomas were the most common manifestations in this population. This missense mutation was found in a male VHL patient with retinal angiomas and pheochromocytoma (family ID D).

GroupID/ KindredID: VHL 34

DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

GroupSize: 2

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: German

GroupAgeRange: N/A

FamilyInfo: 2 affected members belong to this VHL family. Diagnosis of VHL was clinically confirmed in the index person and VHL type could not be determined due to the small size of the pedigree. One representative affected member was analyzed with this mutation, and VHL was diagnosed clinically in this index person. It is unclear as to whether the additional patients had this precise mutation, although assumed.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: both (2) individuals had RCC, where as only one had a CNS hemangioblastoma.

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666; HP:0001737; HP:0009715 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma, pancreatic cysts, papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: No patients had the above tumors

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: 11134110, 9681856, 11850829

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Y98H (c.292T>C)

LegacyVariant: p.Y98H (c.505T>C)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVar: 2223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2223/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.00001343 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183823-T-C

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: Y98H (c.292T>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID/ KindredID: VHL 1

DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

GroupSize: 2

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: German

GroupAgeRange: N/A

FamilyInfo: 2 affected members belong to this VHL type 2A family. One representative affected member was analyzed with this mutation, and VHL was diagnosed clinically in this index person. It is unclear as to whether the second patient had this precise mutation, although assumed.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0009711; HP:0002666 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pheochromocytoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: both individuals had Pheos, whereas only 1 person had a retinal capillary hemangioma.

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0005584; HP:0001737; HP:0009715 (hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts, papillary cystadenoma of the epididymis)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: No patients had the above tumors

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: 11134110, 9681856, 11850829

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Y98H (c.292T>C)

LegacyVariant: p.Y98H (c.505T>C)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVar: 2223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2223/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.00001343 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183823-T-C

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: Y98H (c.292T>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

KindredID: 14

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: Unknown

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: This is a family belonging to prefigure No. 14. They are described as ‘VHL-affected’.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: RCC-affected; other manifestations are possible but not clear.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Y98H (c.292T>C)

LegacyVariant: p.Y169H (c.505T>C)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2223 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2223/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.00001343, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10183823-T-C?dataset=gnomad_r2_1

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant; transition

CivicName: Y98H (c.292T>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Tissue analysis from 61 VHL patients, 30 sporadic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) tumor samples, and 6 sporadic RCC cell lines revealed 22 variants within VHL patients, 10 variants in tumor samples and variants in all cell lines. All mutations cluster to the 3’ end of the VHL gene open reading frame, implicating this region as important for the tumor-suppressor function of the VHL protein. Northern blot, SSCP and RT-PCR analysis from normal tissue found a germline p.Q145Hfs*28 (c.435_436delGC) mutation, stated in the paper as c.648_649delGC due to an older transcript. It was seen in family [pedigree No] 9, with an unknown number of members described as ‘VHL-affected’ with RCC. Other manifestations are possible but not clear.

KindredID: 9

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: Unknown

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: This is a family belonging to prefigure No. 9. They are described as ‘VHL-affected’.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: RCC-affected; other manifestations are possible but not clear.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Q145Hfs*28 (c.435_436delGC)

LegacyVariant: p.215fs (c.648_649delGC)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223210 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223210/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: minus_2_frameshift_variant

CivicName: Q145fs (c.435_436delGC)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

All patients that were operated on between 1995 and 2010 in the University Medical Center Groningen from who frozen hemangioblastoma tissue was available in the tissue bank of the Department of Pathology were eligible. Through PCR (MSP) and MLPA, one patient sample was confirmed with a germline mutation (c.490C>T) in the VHL gene. The patients' manifestations was thus only stated as hemangioblastoma; No other phenotypic or demographic information was available.

5 cases treated for thoracic paraganglioma in Freiburg, Germany aged 6–70 at the time of diagnosis were identified and had germline VHL mutations identified using constitutional genomic DNA from blood samples. The mutation p.Tyr98His (legacy notation c.505T>C converted to c.292T>C) was found in case 1 and case 2. Case 1 was a 30Y female patient with thoracic paraganglioma, data on family members was not available. Case 2 was a 35Y female who also developed bilateral adrenal pheochromocytomas, pancreatic islet cell tumor, and basophilic pituitary adenoma and died. Case 2 (index) did not have blood available for testing, but the mutation was confirmed in 2 of her living sisters and her daughter. Her daughter developed retinal angioma, and the status of the two sisters is not known. ACMG: PP4

5 cases treated for thoracic paraganglioma in Freiburg, Germany aged 6–70 at the time of diagnosis were identified and had germline VHL mutations identified using constitutional genomic DNA from blood samples. The mutation p.Gly93Ser (legacy notation c.490G>A converted to c.277G>A) was found in case 3, a 6Y boy with thoracic paraganglioma. His parents were negative for the mutation, supporting de novo germline mutatation. ACMG: PM6

In a study of 138 unrelated VHL families, 109 germline mutations were found. Missense mutations were more frequently found in families with pheochromocytoma (PC). Deletions, nonsense, and frameshift mutations were more frequently found in families without PC. Large deletions and mutations predicted to cause truncated protein were associated with lower risk of PC. The splice mutation c.340+5G>C was referred to in the paper by cc.553+5G>C due to a difference in transcript sequence. This mutation was found in a VHL family without PC (family ID 139). The mutation has a large allele frequency meaning this is likely non disease causing (not deleterious).

15 Dutch VHL patients from 5 families were taken to measure the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Two patients were found to harbour the VHL germline mutation R167Q, referred to in the paper by R238Q due to a difference in transcript sequence. Patient 10, a 40 year old male, presented with pancreatic and kidney cysts, renal cell carcinoma and brain and spinal cord hemangioblastomas as well as no signs of eye lesions. Patient 15, a 29 year old female, presented with a brain cyst. ACMG evidence codes: 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

37 Danish patients diagnosed with VHL before 18 years from a prospective cohort study from Denmark's National vHL Research Database (Binderup et al., 2013) were assessed. One family with 1 patient (Family ID 4) was found with a germline missense mutation in the VHL gene (F136S; c.407T>C). Patient 1 was diagnosed at 7Y and had 2 retinal hemangioblastomas at 7Y and 14Y. The patient passed at 53Y by the end of the study.

37 Danish patients diagnosed with VHL before 18 years from a prospective cohort study from Denmark's National vHL Research Database (Binderup et al., 2013) were assessed. One family with 4 patients (Family ID 3) were found with a germline missense mutation in the VHL gene (G93D; c.278G>A). Patient 1 was diagnosed at 7Y and had no manifestations by the end of the study at 18Y old. Patient 2 and 3 were both diagnosed at 9Y and and both developed pheochromocytoma at age 15Y. They were both 20Y at the end of the study. Patient 4 was diagnosed at 10Y and had 2 pheochromocytomas at age 12Y, and 1 retinal hemangioblastoma at age 10Y. They were 21Y at the end of the study.

37 Danish patients diagnosed with VHL before 18 years from a prospective cohort study from Denmark's National vHL Research Database (Binderup et al., 2013) were assessed. Parts of the Danish cohort have been previously assesed in the following papers PMID: 19863552, 25834951, 27966541, 27539272. Peripheral blood samples were isolated and sequenced coding exons and exon-intron boundaries using MLPA (Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification). One family with one patient (Family ID-10) was found with a germline truncating mutation in the VHL gene (R113*; c.337C>T). Patient 1 was diagnosed at 15Y and had two pancreatic cysts at 15Y, one retinal hemangioblastoma at 17Y, and one epididymal cystadenoma at 17Y. The patient was 37Y by the end of the study.

A case series covered 2 cases of pheochromocytoma and VHL in pregnancy. The proband (case 2) was a hispanic female with pheochromocytoma at 25Y and retinal angioma at 11Y. Genetic analysis revealed a germline mutation on the VHL gene (c.499C>T; p.Arg167Trp). Unclear on the methods behind genetic testing. The proband’s father, brother, and 8-year-old son have been diagnosed with VHL, although phenotypes were not specified. Her other infant son also tested positive for the same mutation. Her 5-year-old daughter is unaffected. ACMG: PP4

All patients included in the study were VHL mutation carriers of 18 years or older examined between 1972 and 2012 in the VHL expertise centers University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU). Clinical data of 75 VHL mutation carriers were retrospectively retrieved from electronic and written patient record. Of these patients, one was found to harbour the c.241C>T germline mutation of the VHL gene. They presented with a retinal hemangioblastoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, spinal hemangioblastoma, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor, renal cyst and pheochromocytoma. Their age at the last follow-up was 59. Previously published in: PMID 24132471.

All patients included in the study were VHL mutation carriers of 18 years or older examined between 1972 and 2012 in the VHL expertise centers University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG) and University Medical Center Utrecht (UMCU). Clinical data of 75 VHL mutation carriers were retrospectively retrieved from electronic and written patient record. Of these patients, one was found to harbour the c.208G>A germline mutation of the VHL gene. They presented with a retinal hemangioblastoma. Their age at the last follow-up was 20. Previously published in: PMID 24132471.

26 VHL patients from 18 families, who had undergone a partial adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma were retrospectively analyzed. 1 patient from a single family was confirmed to have the mutation (p.L128F (c.381_382delinsTT)). Additional manifestations aside from pheochromocytoma are possible, but were not discussed.

Germline mutational data on VHL was gathered from various countries to assess variation in germline mutations that produce disease within different populations. Families were grouped according to three possible outcomes of disease: renal cell carcinoma without pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma with pheochromocytoma, or pheochromocytoma alone. SSCP and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis identified mutations in 300/469 (63%) of families affected with VHL. This germline familial VHL mutation (c.464-2A>G) was taken from the Bristol Myers Squibb database, and the Munich, university of Freiburg and Institute of Pathology database. It had an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 31CE, reported in Table 3, as being found in VHL families without pheochromocytoma, and with renal cell carcinoma. Additionally, it was reported in table 5, specified as families without detailed clinical information, under family ID 28BMS. It was reported in the paper as c.677-2A>G due to a difference in transcript reference.

Germline mutational data on VHL was gathered from various countries to assess variation in germline mutations that produce disease within different populations. Families were grouped according to three possible outcomes of disease: renal cell carcinoma without pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma with pheochromocytoma, or pheochromocytoma alone. SSCP and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis identified mutations in 300/469 (63%) of families affected with VHL. This germline familial VHL mutation (L188V (c.562C>G)) was taken from the Munich, university of Freiburg and Institute of Pathology database, with an unknown number of members belonging to two family IDs: Family ID 37CE, and 38CE. It was reported in the paper as c.775C>G due to a difference in transcript reference. As reported in Table 4, this mutation is found in VHL families with pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, including renal cell carcinoma, however not detailed here.

GroupID/ KindredID: 4325NCI, 25CA

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: N/A

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the National Cancer Institute databas, and the Cambridge, Department of Pathology database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 4325NCI and 25CA. Table 3 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals possessing renal carcinoma, without phechromocytoma.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005548 (renal cell carcinoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: Described as a VHL families with RCC, without pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, however not detailed in this publication

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.S65W (c.194C>G)

LegacyVariant: p.S65W (c.407C>G)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 43597 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/43597

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

CivicName: S65W (c.194C>G)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID/ KindredID: 74CA, 2753NCI, 38CA

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: N/A

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the Cambridge, Department of Pathology database as well as the National Cancer Institute database with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 38CA, 74CA, 2753NCI. Table 3 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals possessing renal carcinoma, without phechromocytoma.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005548 (renal cell carcinoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: Described as a VHL family with RCC, without pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, however not detailed in this publication

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: 7728151; 9829911

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Q73* (c.217C>T)

LegacyVariant: p.Q73* (c.430C>T)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223164 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223164/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: This paper declares this variant is predicted to compromise the Elongin-binding site by truncating the protein.

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: Q73* (c.217C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID/ KindredID: 37CE, 38CE

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: N/A

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the Munich, university of Freiburg and Institute of Pathology database, with an unknown number of members belonging to two family IDs: Family 37CE and 38CE. Table 4 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals with pheochromocytoma.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: Described as multiple VHL families with pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, including renal cell carcinoma, however not detailed here.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.L188V (c.562C>G)

LegacyVariant: p.L188V (c.775C>G)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2225 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2225/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.00002121 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191569-C-G

VariantEvidence: This paper declares this variant is predicted to compromise the Elongin-binding site by location between codons 157 and 189.

MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

CivicName: L188V (c.562C>G)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID/ KindredID: 88CA, 82CA

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: N/A

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the the Cambridge, Department of Pathology database. There was an unknown number of members belonging to Family IDs: 88CA and 82CA. Table 3 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals possessing renal carcinoma, without pheochromocytoma.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005548 (renal cell carcinoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: Described as a VHL family with RCC, without pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, however not detailed in this publication

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Y185* (c.555C>G)

LegacyVariant: p.Y185* (c.768C>G)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223233 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223233/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: This paper declares this variant is predicted to compromise the Elongin-binding site either by truncating the protein or by location between codons 157 and 189.

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: Y185* (c.555C>G)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Germline mutational data on VHL was gathered from various countries to assess variation in germline mutations that produce disease within different populations. Families were grouped according to three possible outcomes of disease: renal cell carcinoma without pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma with pheochromocytoma, or pheochromocytoma alone. SSCP and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis identified mutations in 300/469 (63%) of families affected with VHL. This germline familial VHL mutation (S111R (c.333C>G)) was taken from the National Cancer Institute database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 4401NCI. It was reported in the paper as c.546C>G due to a difference in transcript reference. As reported in Table 3, this mutation is found in VHL families without pheochromocytoma, and with renal cell carcinoma.

GroupID/ KindredID: 45CE

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: N/A

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the Munich, university of Freiburg and Institute of Pathology database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 45CE. Table 3 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals possessing renal carcinoma, without pheochromocytoma.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0005548 (renal cell carcinoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: Described as a VHL family with RCC, without pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, however not detailed in this publication

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: (c.463+1G>C)

LegacyVariant: Splice (c.676+1G>C)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223217 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223217

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: This paper declares this variant is predicted to compromise the Elongin-binding site by truncating the protein.

MutationType: splice_site_variant

CivicName: Splice Site (c.463+1G>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Germline mutational data on VHL was gathered from various countries to assess variation in germline mutations that produce disease within different populations. Families were grouped according to three possible outcomes of disease: renal cell carcinoma without pheochromocytoma, renal cell carcinoma with pheochromocytoma, or pheochromocytoma alone. SSCP and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis identified mutations in 300/469 (63%) of families affected with VHL. This germline familial VHL mutation (F136C (c.407T>G)) was taken from the Bristol Myers Squibb database, with an unknown number of members belonging to Family ID 10BMS. It was reported in the paper as c.620T>G due to a difference in transcript reference. As reported in Table 4, this mutation is found in VHL families with pheochromocytoma. Other phenotypes are likely, including renal cell carcinoma, however not detailed here.

GroupID/ KindredID: 28BMS

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: N/A

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: This germline familial VHL mutation was taken from the Bristol Myers Squibb database, with an unknown number of members belonging to family ID: Family 28BMS. Table 5 lists all ID and mutations associated with individuals without detailed clinical information.

GroupPresentingHPOs: N/A

GroupHPOFreeText: Described as multiple VHL families without detailed clinical information. Other phenotypes are possible, however not detailed here.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: (c.464-2A>G)

LegacyVariant: Splice (c.677-2A>G)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 223222 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223222/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: This paper declares this variant is predicted to compromise the Elongin-binding site by truncating the protein.

MutationType: splice_site_variant

CivicName: Splice Site (c.464-2A>G)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

79 patients with head and neck paragangliomas were analyzed for SDHA, SDHB, SDHC, SDHD, SDHAF2, VHL, MAX, and TMEM127 genes by PCR/MLPA sequencing. Via peripheral blood leukocytes, 1 patient was found to have the above mutation (p.P81L (c.242C>T)), and presented with a right (non-secreting) carotid body paraganglioma. No family information was presented.

PatientID: None

KindredID: 1

Case: F, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: Her youngest sister had bilateral angiomas, liver lesions, and metastatic islet cell cancer. Her second oldest sister had two hypervascular pancreatic head tumours, a complex left renal cyst, and enlarged bilateral ovarian cysts. Another sister (the proband) had bilateral retinal angiomas, metastatic islet cell cancer, liver lesions, pancreatic endocrine tumours, and cerebellar hemangioblastoma. The oldest sister did not carry the mutation or have any abnormal presentations. The patient's mother was found to harbor the mutation and had retinal angiomas, bilateral adrenal pheochromocytoma, and pancreatic cysts. The patient's maternal grandmother was suspected to have VHL as she developed progressive blindness at age 32 and was completely blind by age 36. She died at age 68 due to an acute hemorrhage into and around a vascular tumour. The patient's maternal aunt died suddenly at age 51 due to a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. One of the aunt's children died at age 25 due to a cerebellar hemangioblastoma and another had bilateral retinal angiomas and multiple pancreatic cysts. Refer to Figure 1 for pedigree.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0009711, HP:0030405, HP:0000107 (retinal capillary hemangioma, pancreatic endocrine tumour, renal cyst)

CaseHPOFreeText: The patient presented with a 3 cm solid pancreatic head tumour and bilateral renal cysts. At operation the tumour was removed and no evidence of metastases was seen. The pathologic examination revealed islet cell neoplasms.

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: The patient had no retinal or CNS abnormalities.

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: c.R167Q (c.500G>A)

LegacyVariant: c.R167Q (c.713G>A)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID: 44

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: Unknown

GroupNumberMales: Unknown

GroupNumberFemales: Unknown

GroupEthnicity: Unknown

GroupAgeRange: Unknown

GroupInfo: This family group had a history of clinically confirmed VHL disease. Members of this family were found to harbour the c.500G>A variant causing a Arg167Gln missense mutation (noted in the paper as c.713G>A due to Latif reference transcript being used). It was noted that this family had patients with pheochromocytoma's.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: Patients within this family were found to have a clinical diagnosis of VHL disease, however, the presenting phenotypes were not specified. It was noted that this family had patients with pheochromocytoma's.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

LegacyVariant: p.R167Q (c.713G>A)

ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Germline mutations were found in all 93 families that fulfilled clinical criteria of VHL disease. In the paper, it's documented that mutations predicted to inactivate the VHL protein were associated with renal cell carcinoma and hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system (VHL type 1); mutations predicted to produce full length VHL proteins were associated with pheochromocytoma (VHL type 2). The c.194C>G variant causing a Ser65Trp missense mutation (noted in the paper as c.407C>G due to Latif reference transcript being used) was discovered in one family (lineage 53). The family was noted to have members clinically diagnosed with VHL disease, however, specific phenotype presentations and the number of family members affected were not mentioned in the paper. It was noted that family 53 did not have any patients with pheochromocytoma's.

GroupID: 135

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: Unknown

GroupNumberMales: Unknown

GroupNumberFemales: Unknown

GroupEthnicity: Unknown

GroupAgeRange: Unknown

GroupInfo: This family group had a history of clinically confirmed VHL disease. Members of this family were found to harbour the c.500G>A variant causing a Arg167Gln missense mutation (noted in the paper as c.713G>A due to Latif reference transcript being used). It was noted that this family had patients with pheochromocytoma's.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: Patients within this family were found to have a clinical diagnosis of VHL disease, however, the presenting phenotypes were not specified. It was noted that this family had patients with pheochromocytoma's.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

LegacyVariant: p.R167Q (c.713G>A)

ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID: 100

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: Unknown

GroupNumberMales: Unknown

GroupNumberFemales: Unknown

GroupEthnicity: Unknown

GroupAgeRange: Unknown

GroupInfo: This family group had a history of clinically confirmed VHL disease. Members of this family were found to harbour the c.500G>A variant causing a Arg167Gln missense mutation (noted in the paper as c.713G>A due to Latif reference transcript being used). It was noted that this family had patients with pheochromocytoma's.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: Patients within this family were found to have a clinical diagnosis of VHL disease, however, the presenting phenotypes were not specified. It was noted that this family had patients with pheochromocytoma's.

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: 8956040 or 7728151

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167Q (c.500G>A)

LegacyVariant: p.R167Q (c.713G>A)

ClinVarID: 2216 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2216/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000003977 https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191507-G-A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167Q (c.500G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID: 78

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: N/A

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: VHL family found to have a germline rearrangement of the VHL gene. The number of family members included in this study is not specified.

GroupPresentingHPOs: N/A

GroupHPOFreeText: Patients within this family were found to have a clinical diagnosis of VHL disease, however, the presenting phenotypes were not specified.

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (Pheochromocytoma)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.E186* (c.556G>T)

LegacyVariant: c.769G>T

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 381602, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/381602/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transversion

CivicName: E186* (c.556G>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID: 179

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

GroupSize: Unknown

GroupNumberMales: Unknown

GroupNumberFemales: Unknown

GroupEthnicity: Unknown

GroupAgeRange: Unknown

GroupInfo: This family group had a history of clinically confirmed VHL disease. Members of this family were found to harbour the c.208G>T variant causing a Glu70* stop gain (noted in the paper as c.421G>T due to Latif reference transcript being used). It was noted that this family had no history of pheochromocytoma's.

GroupPresentingHPOs: N/A

GroupHPOFreeText: Patients within this family were found to have a clinical diagnosis of VHL disease, however, the presenting phenotypes were not specified.

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: This family had no history of pheochromocytoma's.

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.E70* (c.208G>T)

LegacyVariant: p.E70* (c.421G>T)

ClinVarID: 428806 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/428806/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: E70* (c.208G>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

A retrospective study of 14 patients (6 female and 8 male; mean age, 43.5 yr) with no family history and no other clinical manifestations of VHL disease and were operated for symptomatic CNS hemangioblastoma between 1993-2002 at the Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital in Italy was conducted. Peripheral blood was used through PCR and dHPLC for molecular genetic analysis. Germline mutations of the VHL gene were identified in 2 of the 14 patients. Patient #9 (45Y female) had a R167W germline mutation in the VHL gene and cerebellar hemangioblastoma. At VHL gene analysis of close family members revealed a R167W mutation in her sister, who did not have any clinical VHL symptoms at the time of the study.

Of 14 patients with retinal vascular proliferation and known family history of VHL disease, 12 patients were enrolled in an approved study protocol at the National Cancer Institute. 11 of these patients underwent genetic testing and were found to have mutations in the VHL gene. Patient 8 was a 29-year-old white woman with a history of poor vision in her left eye from age 5 years. At that time, no typical RCHs were found but she was noted to have a large peripapillary fibrovascular complex in her left eye that extended into the macula. No treatment was rendered. At age 29 years, visual acuity was 20/500 OS. On examination, a papillary fibrovascular stalk could be seen extending from the nerve into the vitreous and also onto the center of the macula, exerting tractional effects on retinal vessels in the major vascular arcades. Areas of chronic pigmentary change were also present in the macula. No vascular lesions were observed in the right eye. At the last checkup, patient 8 had retinal vascular proliferation, pancreatic and CNS abnormalities, and endolymphatic sac tumor. She had the R161* (c.481C>T) VHL mutation. ACMG evidence codes: 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

Genotype-phenotype correlations of 573 VHL patients from 200 kindreds were analyzed and confirmed that higher risk of pheochromocytoma is associated with missense mutations that result in substitution of a surface amino acid or that disrupt the structural integrity of the VHL gene product (pVHL). Age-related risks of retinal hemangoblastomas and renal cell carcinoma were higher in patients with nonsense or frameshift mutations. Southern blot and/or MLPA analysis by whole blood detected this mutation (c.555C>G) was found in 3 VHL families with 4 patients altogether. All four had retinal hemangioblastomas and cerebellar hemangioblastomas. Two had renal cell carcinoma.

Medical records of patients with PPGLs between 2005 and 2016 were reviewed. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically and stratified into sporadic or familial/syndromic. Patients underwent next‐generation whole exome sequencing. A 35 year old patient presented with unifocal adrenal pheochromocytoma. Genetic testing confirmed a familial missense mutation at c.191G>C of the VHL gene.

The 25 year-old female patient was referred for eye exam as part of a VHL screening program. She had been diagnosed with bilateral pheochromocytoma at the age of 14 after an episode of acute hypertensive encephalopathy. Ophthalmoscopy disclosed in her right eye a small retinal hemangioma (1 disc diameter wide) along with feeder vessels in the mid-periphery and multiple, small, whitish, dome-shaped lesions scattered in the deeper layers of the posterior retina. Fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography confirmed the presence of the retinal hemangioma. Multiple window-defects were also seen at the posterior pole and pericentral retina and hypofluorescent dots. Electroretinogram and electro-oculogram findings were within the normal range of values. The visual field was normal with visual acuity of 20/20 in both eyes. DNA extracted with standard methods from peripheral blood leukocytes and quantitative Southern blot was performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis of VHL. PCR and SSCP were also performed to detect small mutations. A missense mutation at p.T157I (c.470C>T), reported in the paper as c.683 due to a difference in transciprt reference, was found in the patient. Both her parents and siblings were negative for the mutation, indicating a de novo mutation. ACMG evidence codes: 'PS2' since both parents are tested and do not present with the variant (de novo), 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

188 individuals presenting with a single hemangioblastoma, no family history of VHL disease, and no evidence of retinal or abdonimal manigestations of the disease at the time of diagnosis, were investigated for mutations in the VHL gene. Patient B3 presented with a cerebellar hemangioblastoma at age 40, and a phaeochromocytome at age 41. Genetic testing via direct sequencing on a DNA blood sample found a c.500G>A (Arg167Gln) mutation in their VHL gene (noted as c.713G>A in the paper due to an older VHL transcript used for mapping). Two of their first degree relatives (FDRs) also had the mutation. The first presented with a hemangioblastoma at 18, and a retinal angioma at 18. The second FDR presented with a renal cyst at 17.

Patient ID: B6

KindredID: 6

Case: F, 22Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: cerebellar hemangioblastoma

FamilyInfo: No testing in family history

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: no other clinical features were found after the cerebellar hemangioblastoma during 2 years and 7 month follow-up

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.C162Y (c.485G>A)

LegacyVariant: p.C162Y (c.698G>A)

ClinVarID: 223225 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223225/)

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: C162Y(c.485G>A)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: B5

KindredID: 5

Case: Sex Unknown, 39Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: cerebellar hemangioblastoma

FamilyInfo: Two first degree relatives were found to have the same mutation in the VHL gene, both had no features of VHL disease at 28 and 38 years old

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: no other clinical features were found after the cerebellar hemangioblastoma during 6 years and 3 month follow-up

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R200W (c.598C>T)

LegacyVariant: p.R200W (c.811C>T)

ClinVarID: 2232 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2232/)

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.0002016 (https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191605-C-T)

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R200W(c.598C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

74 patients (38 males, 36 females; 24 with prior sequencing data) with pheochromoctyoma were first analyzed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (dHPLC). PCR of all exons of VHL was performed on leukocyte DNA extracted from stored blood samples, and those showing variance were sequenced. In addition, 35 positive controls were used to confirm this method. This patient was a positive control who has been previously sequenced (not referenced). One patient was found with the T157I (c.470C>T) VHL mutation. No family history was mentioned or clearly stated of their phenotypes.

A case study revealed an 8Y boy, presenting with a profound sensorineural hearing loss and intermittent vertigo. He was found to have an endolymphatic sac tumor, discovered by high-resolution computed tomographic imaging. Genetic analysis revealed a missense VHL mutation c.388G>C (originally written in paper as legacy notation AF010238.1, c.601G>C). Family history was not described.

Tumour samples and paired peripheral blood samples were obtained from 39 patients either with pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma. PCR and denaturing HPLC (dHPLC) was carried out for all coding exons of SDHB, SDHD, VHL and RET exons 11 and 13. Where a mutation was identified it was confirmed by direct sequencing. Patient P1 was a 27Y female at the time of surgery with a malignant extra adrenal paraganglioma an a germline mutation in the VHL gene (c.470C>T. p.Thr157Ile). Family history and other phenotypes were not described.

“None of the novel mutations were represented in 120 alleles from normal subjects in the Brazilian population suggesting that these base changes are not common polymorphisms.”

“None of the novel mutations were represented in 120 alleles from normal subjects in the Brazilian population suggesting that these base changes are not common polymorphisms.”

In a study of 114 unrelated VHL families, 85 germline mutations were found. VHL mutations were detected in affected family members, but not in unaffected family members or 96 normal individuals. This nonsense mutation was found in a VHL type 1 family of 7 individuals (family ID 2753), using PCR and SSCP sequencing. The mutation of c.217C>T was referred to in the paper by c.430C>T due to a difference in transcript sequence. Six of 7 individuals were identified with retinal hemangioblastomas, 3 with cerebellar hemangioblastomas and one with renal cell carcinoma. This was possibly previously published in PMID: 9829911. Supporting evidence of pathogenicity because cosegregation with disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease (ACMG code: PP1).

In a study of 114 unrelated VHL families, 85 germline mutations were found. VHL mutations were detected in affected family members, but not in unaffected family members or 96 normal individuals.  This mutation was found in a VHL family of 4 individuals (family ID 4409), using PCR and SSCP sequencing. The mutation of c.340G>C was referred to in the paper by c.553G>C due to a difference in transcript sequence. 4/4 retinal angioma; 2/4 CNS hemangioblastoma; 1/4 RCC; 1/4 Pheo. Walther et al., 1999 also reports a a partial update of this family, describing that Family 4409 also had pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour but not how many members were affected by PNET. (ACMG code: PP4).

GroupID: 2753

DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

GroupSize: 7

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: Familial VHL stated; 7 family members recorded with this mutation.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584 (hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: 6/7 members had a retinal angioma (hemangioma), 3 had RCC, and 1 member had CNS hemangioblastoma

GroupNotHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: Possibly previously published in PMID: 9829911 [Q73* (c.217C>T) family (ID 20)]

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.Q73* (c.217C>T)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

LegacyVariant: p.Q73* (c.430C>T)

ClinVarID: 223164 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223164

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: Q73* (c.217C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

GroupID: 4409

DiseaseAssertion: assumed VHL

GroupSize: 4

GroupNumberMales: N/A

GroupNumberFemales: N/A

GroupEthnicity: N/A

GroupAgeRange: N/A

GroupInfo: Familial VHL stated; 4 family members recorded with this mutation.

GroupPresentingHPOs: HP:0010797; HP:0009711; HP:0005584; HP:0002666 (hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma, renal cell carcinoma, pheochromocytoma)

GroupHPOFreeText: all 4 members had retinal angiomas (hemangiomas), 2 had CNS hemangioblastomas, 1 had RCC and 1 had pheochromocytoma

GroupNotHPOs: N/A

GroupNotHPOFreeText: N/A

GroupPreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: 10458336

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.G114R (c.340G>C)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

LegacyVariant: p.G185R (c.553G>C)

ClinVarID: 223193 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/223193

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant; transversion

CivicName: G114R (c.340G>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

Tissues embedded in paraffin blocks were collected from 203 cHAB patients operated in different Medical Centres in Poland. Eight of these harboured germline mutations in unrelated patients from distinct undiagnosed VHL families. Various variants were unverified as somatic or germline as they were detected in tumour but blood samples were not tested. Other phenotypes and demographic information is not known. Patient 53 was found with a germline p.Arg167Trp mutation in the VHL gene.

To study the presence of germline mutations in the von Hippel-Lindau gene (VHL) in a kindred with a predominance of familial phaeochromocytoma in order to confirm the diagnosis of von Hippel-Lindau disease (VHLD) as well as to identify asymptomatic members. DNA extracted from peripheral blood was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to exon 3 of the VHL gene. Specific mutations were screened by restriction endonuclease digestion of PCR products with Msp I. The results were confirmed by DNA sequence analysis. Two generations of a family consisting of 15 individuals were studied. A germline missense point mutation stated in the paper as codon 238 of the VHL gene (CGG-->TGG; Arg-->Trp) due to a difference in transcript sequence, was detected in all patients with phaeochromocytoma and in only one of the asymptomatic family members. The mutation (R167W (c.499C>T)) was found in 6 members total, and presumed to be in at least another 2. Patient II3 and patient III6 had cerebellar hemangioblastomas. Patient III6 also had retinal angiomas. Cosegregation with disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease (ACMG code: PP1).

PatientID: II:1

KindredID: 1

Case: M, 49Y0M, Spanish

DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

FamilyInfo: Spanish family of 15 members studied, over 2 generations. 6 members had VHL presentations, 1 was a carrier, and 4 others had the mutation, while 2 were not sequenced. This patient’s 3 children showed VHL phenotypes, and his sister and 2 nieces presented with the VHL mutation.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: first studied at 45Y, the patient had bilateral accumulation of pheo tumors, right: 9cm and left: 2cm

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0009711 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: Brain MRI and CT-scans were normal, and no signs of retinal angiomas were present.

CasePreviousTesting: RET

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

LegacyVariant: p.R238T, C>T

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID: III:9

KindredID: 1

Case: F, 25Y, Spanish

DiseaseAssertion: pheochromocytoma

FamilyInfo: Spanish family of 15 members studied, over 2 generations. 6 members had VHL presentations, 1 was a carrier, and 4 others had the mutation, while 2 were not sequenced. This patient’s sister was a carrier, while her mother mother, uncle, and cousins were affected.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0002666 (pheochromocytoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: First studied at 19Y, she had a bilateral tumor accumulation (Right, 6cm and Left 4cm).

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0006880; HP:0009711 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma, retinal capillary hemangioma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: Brain MRI and CT-scans were normal, and no signs of retinal angiomas were present.

CasePreviousTesting: RET

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R167W (c.499C>T)

LegacyVariant: p.R238T, C>T

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2218, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2218/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: 0.000007954, https://gnomad.broadinstitute.org/variant/3-10191506-C-T

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName: R167W (c.499C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

PatientID:6

KindredID: 6

Case: Sex Unknown, Age Unknown, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo:None.

CohortInfo:Between September 1994 and December 1997, 16 unrelated individuals were referred to Genetic Services of Western Australia by local clinicians and by similar genetic services in other States, for VHL gene mutation analysis because of clinical manifestations suggestive of the diagnosis.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0005584 (renal cell carcinoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

CaseNotHPOs: HP:0002666, HP:0005584, HP:0009711, HP:0010797(pheochromocytoma, pancreatic cysts, retinal capillary hemangioma, hemangioblastoma)

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.C162R (c.484T>C)

LegacyVariant:p.C162R (c.697T>C)

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 496067 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/496067/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: missense_variant;transition

CivicName:C162R (c.484T>C)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

A retrospective study described polyglobulia in 19 patients precise germline VHL mutations and with hemangioblastomas. 10 other patients followed with VHL mutations without an exact location. Patient 17 was a 47Y male with raised hemoglobin levels. They had a hemangioblastoma tumor 5.3cm3 in size. The mutation p.R161* (c.481C>T) was described in the paper as c.694C>T due to a difference in transcript reference. No family information was provided.

PatientID: 17

KindredID: 17

Case: M, 47Y0M, Ethnicity Unknown

DiseaseAssertion: Assumed VHL

FamilyInfo: No details on family information.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0010797 (hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: N/A

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R161* (c.481C>T)

LegacyVariant: c.694C>T

CaseProblemVariantFreeText: N/A

ClinVarID: 2217, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2217/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: R161* (c.481C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

A retrospective study described polyglobulia in 19 patients precise germline VHL mutations and with hemangioblastomas. 10 other patients followed with VHL mutations without an exact location. 3 patients were reported with a p.Y98H (c.292T>C) mutation, described in the paper as c.505T>C due to a difference in transcript reference. Patient 8 was a 57Y female, patient 15 a 75Y female, and patient 16 a 56Y female. They each had a hemangioblastoma tumor 0.1, 13.6, and 0.4cm3 in size, respectively. Patients 8 and 15 also had an unspecified tumor cyst. No family information was provided; it is unclear if these three are related.

Genetic and clinical data from 63 patients with hereditary Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (GpNET) and 145 with sporadic PNET (SpNET) were collected from two Polish endocrine departments from January 2004 to February 2020. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes and the VHL and MEN1 genes were analyzed. The VHL gene was analyzed by Sanger sequencing and targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS), while the MEN1 gene was analyzed by by High-Resolution Melting, Sanger sequencing, Multiplex-ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA), and targeted NGS. Only patients with confirmed germline mutations were included in the the GpNET cohort. Out of 53 patients with VHL, only five were diagnosed with GpNET. Patient 2 had this hereditary PNET with the confirmed germline mutation: E55fs (c.163dupG). Comparison of the two cohorts revealed that patients with GpNET are diagnosed earlier, have longer overall survival, less frequent metastases, and their tumors are smaller and often multifocal compared to the SpNET group.

Mutational analysis for 16 patients with clinically diagnosed VHL disease, revealed 12 germline mutations. This missense mutation was found in 4 VHL family members (proband no. 6). The 65-year-old father had renal cell carcinoma; The 37-year old sister had pancreatic cysts and the 33-year old sister had retinal angiomas. The 38-year-old proband had hemangioblastomas of the central nervous system, renal cell carcinoma, pancreatic cysts, and epididymal cystadenoma. Cosegregation with disease in multiple affected family members in a gene definitively known to cause the disease

PatientID: II/1

KindredID: 1

Case: F, 33Y0M, Italian

DiseaseAssertion: VHL

FamilyInfo: A patient was found to have a mutation in the VHL gene (R161* (c.481C>T)), this patients parents were tested for the same mutation in VHL, but testing revealed no VHL gene mutation. Pedigree: see Figure 1.

CasePresentingHPOs: HP:0006880 (cerebellar hemangioblastoma)

CaseHPOFreeText: developed cerebellar hemangioblastoma at age 33

CaseNotHPOs: N/A

CaseNotHPOFreeText: N/A

CasePreviousTesting: N/A

PreviouslyPublished: N/A

SupplementalData: N/A

Variant: p.R161* (c.481C>T)

LegacyVariant: R161X (8684C>T)

ClinVar: 2217 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/clinvar/variation/2217/

CAID: N/A

gnomAD: N/A

VariantEvidence: N/A

MutationType: stop_gained

CivicName: R161* (c.481C>T)

MultipleGeneVariants: N/A

The proband (II/1), of Italian descent, was found to have the c.481C>T change (referred to in the paper as 8684 C->T due to a difference in transcript sequence) causing a p.R161* mutation in the VHL gene. This variant was detected using direct sequencing of PCR products obtained from genomic DNA extracted from the patients peripheral blood leukocytes using the DNA extractor BIO ROBOT EZ 1 (Qiagen). Genetic testing revealed that her parents did not have the VHL gene mutation. She presented with a cerebellar hemangioblastoma at age 33. ACMG evidence codes: 'PS2' since both parents are tested and do not present with the variant (de novo), 'PP4' since the patient presents phenotypes highly specific for a disease with a single genetic etiology.

A case study on a 35 year old female of Indian (South Asian) descent was presented. She presented 6 years prior (2006) with severe abdominal pain prompting an abdominal ultrasound. Imaging revealed a left renal mass measuring 3.5 × 4.0 × 3.5cm (biopsy consistent with papillary renal cell carcinoma). Final pathology revealed a 3.2cm low-grade primary renal carcinoid (neuroendocrine neoplasm of the kidney) with two of four lymph nodes involved with metastatic disease. She currently remains disease free after 31 months. A clear cell renal cell carcinoma tissue sample removed surgically from a patient with VHL detected a germline VHL mutation: R167Q (c.500G>A), which was used as a positive control. This was described in the paper was c.713G>A due to a difference in transcript reference used.

3 unrelated patients with unexpected or non-syndromic phenotypes, accompanied by a VHL component tumor received germline gene panel testing as part of the PROACTIVE study at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, each detected with a low penetrant variant. At age 32, patient 3 (female) presented with posterior headaches, which a CT scan and MRI revealed to be a cerebellar hemangioblastoma. Treatment involved a gross total resection of the lesion. Somatic testing of a left cerebellar mass revealed a somatic VHL variant: p.Leu63fs*4 (c.188_188T>TG); updated to p.R64fs (c.189dupG). Single gene testing of VHL revealed a heterozygous germline VHL p.Pro81Ser (c.241C>T) variant. To this day at age 40, she continues to be monitored. Her mother (age 72) and two of her three siblings (ages 38 and 36) carry the same VHL p.Pro81Ser variant, but have been negative for hemangioblastoma or any other VHL component tumor. ACMG: PP4