- Feb 2021
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Launfal.
His name means a knight.
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decree
To order something by demand
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let her then lose both her nose and her ears
Seems a bit odd to cut off her nose an ears in this day in age, but I guess it was a normal punishment back then.
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concubine
When a woman lives with a man and the man is inferior to his wife.
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pressbooks.pub pressbooks.pubBeowulf18
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doughty
Brave and determined
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anon
Shortly or soon
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Devil-shaped woman, her woe ever minded, 10 Who was held to inhabit the horrible waters,
Grendel's mother is also evil and was not happy about the death of her son. Now she is wanting revenge.
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Comfort to gain me for any of sorrows
Hrothgar felt comfort through Beowulf's work. Hrothgar was very thankful for all that Beowulf has done.
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none other was better
There was no one else that was as brave and strong as Beowulf. Everyone looked up to him as he saved them from being eaten by Grendel.
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The arm and the shoulder (there was all of the claw in Heorot. 45 Of Grendel together) ’neath great-stretching hall-roof
They kept Grendel's arm and shoulder? That is kind of creepy. I guess it is like a souvenir or a trophy to show that Grendel was defeated.
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The comer-from-far-land had cleansed then of evil
Beowulf has gotten rid of all of the evil by killing Grendel. Now the Danemen will get to live in peace knowing that Grendel is dead.
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loathsome
Causing hatred and disgust
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bewailing
Expressing regret and disappointment
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In warlike achievements, than Grendel does himself; Beowulf boasts of his ability to cope with Grendel. Hence I seek not with sword-edge to sooth him to slumber
Beowulf does not need a weapon to kill Grendel, so he will only use his own strength.
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billows
A large undulating mass, usually a cloud, smoke, or steam
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Breca
I'm confused on who Breca is. Were they an enemy? I know Beowulf lost to Breca in a swimming match, but who is that?
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direful
Extremely bad
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He was better than I am! 15 That feud thereafter for a fee I compounded
Hrothgar thought highly of Ecgtheow and looked up to his leadership. Therefore, he paid the fee to end the feud to help Ecgtheow.
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malice
Intending to do something evil.
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Grendel’s prowess
Grendel's bravery while he was fighting.
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edifice
A very large building
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When I boarded my boat with a band of my liegemen, I determined to do or die. I would work to the fullest the will of your people
This shows how brave Beowulf was and how he would do anything for the people of Heorot. It demonstrates the leader he was and his strength to go out and kill Grendel and Grendel's mother. Beowulf went out on his boat and was going to give it his all for his people.
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may he likewise be forced to wear a blithe air
Instead of wishing that he would be miserable and sad that he left her, she hopes that he is forced to live a carefree life?
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I pass through this earth-cave to beneath the oak-tree, where I sit a long summer’s day.
Is she now going to live in this cave?
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Bright were the castle buildings
He mentions how beautiful and colorful the buildings were before they started falling apart.
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Our friendship now is as if it had not been.
She now feels as though their friendship never existed. She is thinking back if he ever loved her if he was plotting to leave her without her knowing.
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where my friend sits
Is she referring to her husband as a friend now since their relationship has ended?
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Full often we two pledged one another that naught but death should divide us; that is changed now.
The wife and her lord had made a promise to never leave each other unless death parts them, but her lord left her.
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First my lord went hence from his people over the tossing waves.
Her lord left her behind and went out into sea.
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That went away, this also may
I think that this means that Weland is considering that his sorrow will eventually go away since Beadohild got over her grief that she was feeling from her brothers' death and her finding out she was pregnant.
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As she drove by the rocks, and drenched me with spray
When he says "she" is he referring to the waves in the ocean hitting the rocks and splashing him?
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Bare of joys, and banished from friends
The sailor was miserable out at sea as he was not happy and was alone.
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- Jan 2021
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earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com
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Lock his unhappiness in the hold of his mind
Demonstrating how he is holding on to all of his feelings in his head and not letting anyone know how he truly feels inside.
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Well do i know ’tis the way of the high-born
This emphasizes how he feels that men should live. He does not think that it is right for him to share his feelings with anyone else. He believes that men should keep their feelings to themselves otherwise they are not seen as being strong. Therefore, he is all alone keeping their feelings to himself and not sharing.
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Kennings
A kenning is two words that are connected with a hyphen that creates a poetic expression.
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monastic scriptorium
This is a room where the scribes would copy the scripts.
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scribe
A scribe is someone who copies papers or scripts before printing was invented.
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