The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concepts of knowledge maps, hierarchical knowledge organisation and multi-level content, and explain the potential they bring to making knowledge easier to understand, remember and communicate

the impact of placebos in various illnesses, the neurobiology of placebo effects, the experience of patients being treated by placebo, and various psychological, cultural, sociological and philosophical dimensions of placebos.

This debate focuses on the problematic question of why (or whether) the revolution that transformed scientific disciplines in Europe did not take place in China.

This question includes the relationship of “science” to “technology,” as well as the question of what disciplines were considered sciences, and where they stood in indigenous hierarchies of knowledge

Now that I was thinking positively, it was time to put that motivation into action. The first thing I did was tell my family and friends.

Tainter’s argument rests on two proposals. The first is that human societies develop complexity, i.e. specialized roles and the institutional structures that coordinate them, in order to solve problems. For an overwhelming majority of the time since the evolution of Homo sapiens, Tainter contends, we organized ourselves in small and relatively egalitarian kinship-based communities. All history since then has been “characterized by a seemingly inexorable trend toward higher levels of complexity, specialization and sociopolitical control.”

And worse, they base their claims on outdated Freudian theory.

For this reason, cognitive neuroscientists typically constrain mental activity using behavioral tasks in order to make more educated inferences regarding what is happening in the mind.

Typically, one signal in a brain scan can mean many things (amygdala activation can occur when one is scared, happy, observing something salient, etc.).

One of the most impressive things about NEMSIS is that, to my knowledge, it is the only nationally standardized data set in healthcare or public safety.

approximately one-fifth to one-quarter of transported patients experience some pain; studies of EMS providers have shown we understand the positive impact pain relief can have on patients; and leading professional associations in our field have identified that pain management should be prioritized.

Field Trip’s novel psychedelic molecule, FT-104, is found to be similar in potency to psilocybin but with a shorter duration of psychoactivity. The half-life of the molecule is roughly one third of psilocybin’s.

So Burma: “The New Burma sees no conflict between religious values and economic progress. Spiritual health and material well-being are not enemies: they are natural allies.”1 Or: “We can blend successfully the religious and spiritual values of our heritage with the benefits of modern technology.”2 Or: “We Burmans have a sacred duty to conform both our dreams and our acts to our faith. This we shall ever do.”3

Mrs. Vreni Schumacher, who holds the copyright to her late husband’s works, kindly extended permission to the Schumacher Center to make the essay available electronically along with its multiple translations.

In 1973 it was collected with other essays by Ernest Friedrich Schumacher in Small Is Beautiful: Economics As If People Mattered

Partnering with Indigenous communities connects Journey with knowledge and experience that a traditional drug developer may not have access to.

Hence, 5-HT emerges as an important extrinsic pro-proliferative signal for BPs, which may have contributed to evolutionary Ncx expansion.

Here, we show that serotonin (5-HT), via its receptor HTR2A, promotes BP proliferation in an evolutionarily relevant manner.

The recipe for the psychedelic brew and the preparation of it was restricted to women, who passed on the secret recipes from mother to daughter, and was the particular preserve of older women.

Instead, it sends me flying back to my own work, re-energized to dig as deeply as I can into the subject at hand, and to craft out of it something distinctively my own.

Galicia has many festivals celebrating its earlier pagan traditions.

The Celts both feared and venerated the sun.

The rites, ceremonies, and beliefs were kept secret and consistently preserved from antiquity.

Similar religious rites appear in the agricultural societies of Near East and in Minoan Crete.

The mysteries represented the myth of the abduction of Persephone from her mother Demeter by the king of the underworld Hades, in a cycle with three phases: the descent (loss), the search, and the ascent, with the main theme being the ascent (άνοδος) of Persephone and the reunion with her mother.

They are the "most famous of the secret religious rites of ancient Greece"

Logos (λόγος)- a term rich in connotation, it literally means (1) “word”- because of my deep love and appreciation for the written word I will often recommend books to my readers as well as cite many authors both ancient and contemporary, (2) “expression of a thought” – because of my desire to think deeply as well as my interest in the thoughts of great thinkers past and present, I will often post quotes if for no other reason than to ponder them, (3) “reason”- because of my love of learning and the intrinsic value of the life of the mind of man made in the image of God, many of my posts will be written with the aim of growth in wisdom, knowledge, and understanding–all to the glory of God.

In connection with the Offering, a cash fee equal to 6% of the aggregate gross proceeds of the Offering from non-U.S. resident investors was payable to the Agents, except for certain orders on a president’s list (the “President’s List”) pursuant to which a cash fee of 1.5% was payable (the “Agents’ Cash Fee”). The Agents also received Broker Warrants (“Broker Warrants”) equal to 6.0% of the number of Subscription Receipts issued

Subscription Receipts shall be automatically cancelled and be of no further force and effect.

But the large-scale rollout of new drugs takes a long time. Founders Pledge estimates that for MDMA, it’ll take six to nine years, while for psilocybin the timeline will be more like eight to 11 years.

Wade Davis, Ph.D.: Ethnobotanist, anthropologist, writer, and professor of anthropology at University of British Columbia; extensive international ethnobotanical field research.

They are altruistic; they have a concern for others and a degree of selflessness.

The most resilient among us are people who generally don’t dwell on the negative, who look for opportunities that might exist even in the darkest times.

Instead, the tools common to resilient people are optimism (that is also realistic), a moral compass, religious or spiritual beliefs, cognitive and emotional flexibility, and social connectedness.

“I find it very worrisome there will be a legal recreational marketplace for psychedelics. For medical use, psilocybin is given to people with drug-resistant depression. A bad trip could be detrimental for them,” Dr. Matthew Johnson, Professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, says. “Psychedelics should be dispensed and administered under the supervision of a medical professional.”

Since then the FDA has embraced the drug, granting similar designations to Compass and other large companies such as pharmaceutical giant Johnson & Johnson, but also smaller competitors such as Mind Medicine and Numinus Wellness.

In 2018, the Food and Drug Administration first granted Compass Pathways a breakthrough therapy status, which accelerates the clinical study process, to study psilocybin particularly for parents struggling with Major Depressive Disorder

At this point, marijuana and psychedelics both have been accepted by most in the medical community as robust treatment options for patients.

Ironically, councilmembers’ reticence on this issue may just be making the cops’ jobs harder: Williams said that during the council meeting, the Ann Arbor police chief actually complained that with the new amendment, police would have the burden of deciding whether or not to make arrests.

Studies have not yet explored basic drug interactions with other serotonergic or dopaminergic agents, the impact on psychiatric conditions vulnerable to psychosis, dose, side-effect profile, and efficacy for the treatment of substance use disorders, anxiety disorders, and other comorbid psychiatric conditions. In essence, Measure 109 allows prescribing of a non-FDA approved Schedule 1 controlled substance by a nonmedical practitioner for an overly inclusive range of psychiatric conditions.

The Oregon Psychiatric Physicians Association (OPPA) and APA have both voiced their opposition for this measure for three main reasons: (1) safety and efficacy have not yet been established for psilocybin, (2) using majority public vote via ballot initiative to bypass FDA approval for a new medical treatment is dangerous, and (3) if passed, the use of psilocybin will not require oversight by medical professionals, particularly psychiatrists.

This manifests as fear, confrontational hallucinations, severe anxiety, confusion and paranoia.

Under its Health Canada licence for the production and extraction of psilocybin from mushrooms, Numinus intends to cultivate and harvest the mushrooms for a variety of purposes including: development of standardized extraction methods exploration of product formulations of naturally occurring psilocybin development and evaluation of qualitative and quantitative mycochemicals standardized test methodologies exploration of the ability to investigate naturally occurring psilocybin’s efficacy as an alternative supply to synthetic psilocybin currently used in research ultimately, the delivery of safe, evidence-based psilocybin-assisted psychotherapy at clinics including its own

has begun cultivating Psilocybe mushrooms, for the purpose of psilocybin production, at its 7000 square-foot Health Canada licensed facility.