y
is the content of this section really about pathology? You have more details about pathology in the previous section. You should have a pathophysiology section well explaining what happens to CNS in SCI, what causes it, etc. Improve your organization.
ound that this type of training could improve the kinematics, but only at faster speeds (Oudenhoven et al., 2019). Another study done in 2017 had also found that functional powe
if they have the same results, combine them! Studies are there to support what you want to say.
oops
a little bigger please
ersensitivity of receptors
which one?
s hemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia (
again, how are these importants in CP?
hemorrhage and white matter cystic lesions for example (Paneth,
first time you talk about that. How is it linked to CP?maybe an important aspect of ethiology/pathophysiology?
otor and intellectual impairments (Cere
how?
ome of the symptoms can become more or less prominent (Mayo Clinic, 2019).
how and why? with rehab? or just like that?
(results in stiff muscles), the basal ganglia (results in involuntary movements), or the cerebellum (results in poor balance/coordination).
what about the cognitive aspects of CP? I think this could be better presented to improve flow.
d.
your conclusion could be more exhaustive. what are the limitations of what you propose?
usic activates the brain
that is very general
ng familiar
how will you make your intervention familiar for each patient ? how will you individualize ?
work to strengthen the neural pa
how ?
s, tau protein, beta amyloid proteins via the use of therap
are these types of therapies directly acting on tau, fiber tangles, etc. ?? if so, not clear how ?
neuroprotective modulator
what does that mean ?
ion of fa
so, is that what you are proposing ? not clear if you are still presenting studies of what is done currenlty.
3). T
if it was done on one patient, can you claim that it is a ''Current intervention''?
eek sit-yoga class a
but is it done currently as an intervention? Is this study innovative or trying to see if there is an actual effect of what is currently done ?
y.
can you give concrete/real examples of this? I feel like this paragraph is empty.
prevention for Alzheimer’s disea
prevention of AD ? Here you should focus on gait impairment in AD.
s
I think this should be divided in two sections.
urrent resear
is it only research or is it what is done in real clinical practice ?
Alzheimer’s disease.
be constant ... always use AD or always write it out long.
gure 6.
where on the model AD acts for locomotion ? would be nice to see it visually on the figure.
, M B et
be careful with your reference formatting.
affect neural plasticity
what does that mean ?
ore tailored to his/her needs
how ? I don't think you've put enough emphasize on that
more attention on a single task training
why is that good ?
w:
do you have a rationale for using these exercises ?
n Mini-BESTest w
this is used mostly to evaluate balance ... you want to use it as training ? Same for TUG ... do you think it is sufficient (challenging enough) to see improvement ??
Since sensorimotor skills such as balance can be improved and learned with experience and practice [2,3]
part of your sentence is missing.
e metronome for our gait training as it provides auditory stimulus that is able to bypass the impaired basal ganglia and instead use the frontal neural pathway to control voluntary movement [2].
I think you need to add a little more about how it would help in HD.
etronome is a pyramidal-shaped device with a pendulum.
is it needed ?
potential exercise therapy in HD [19
is it used currently ? If not, should not be in this section ... could be part of what you propose ...
.
there is no visual support in this section !
s to produce
are you sure that is what you want to say ? impaired reactions to produce perturbations? or impaired reactions to perturbations?
contributes to t
how ?
Visuomotor coordination is one of the functions in basal ganglia,
function in BG ?
s a system
they are neural circuits, not a system
loop
plural
tc.
do you have a video ?
or the relationship between gait impairment from choreic movement and feedback control.
grammar this should flow with the content of this section, and not only seem as if you were checking off requirements.
In the study done by Casaca-Carreira and colleagues (2015),
you already referred to this paper, but in 3 different ways.
has shown the pattern of sh
grammar did all the members of this group went through the paper?
emarkable abnormalities
? chorea?
clinical marker that defines the onset of the disease i
is it relevant to this section?
015).
what is the purpose of this paragraph?
as the high prevalence of chorea
rephrase, not clear... grammar?
Gait impairment in HD may be altered and coexist with involuntary choreiform movements (Casaca-Carreira, Temel, Zelst, & Jahanshahi, 2015), which is an early and highly manifest signs of the disease in approximately 90% of adult-onset HD patients, peaking at about 10 years after the first emergence of this symptom, then gradually mitigating as the disease progresses (Burgunder et al., 2011).
clarify, difficult to follow, too long and a lot of concepts intermixed.
D may be altered
altered by what ?
hence, further result in gait impairm
only gait impairments?
Fig.3.
still seems detached from the text. you don't talk about premanifest vs manifest phases but it is in your figure.
10).
in general, nice page. initial description about the causes is a bit vague. Link to your bottom figure.
Over time, with the death of substantial neurons, tissue loss can occur in the brain in areas such as the putamen and the caudate nucleu
review and rephrase this sentence.
he death of substantial neuron
a large number ? a substantial volume?
t affects the centr
how?
appens automatically (
what happens automatically ?
y chemicals, s
???
, it was concluded that other facto
that's not really the conclusion of the paper ....
hen there is a depletion in dopamine in the striatum, it over activates the subthalamic nucleus, which is why it is harder for patients with PD to coordinate their gait (Lewis and Shine, 2016).
I am not convinced you understand that...
opamine deficiency is a common symptom of PD
really ???
ychosis is characterized by hallucinations and dementia means the person no longer has the ability t
shouldn't it be in symptoms ?
d not being able to move easi
that is very general
t is possible to break the symptoms into 3 stages going from mild to moderate and then advanced
how do you tell if a patient is in mild versus moderate ? What about the Hoehn and Yarh scale ?
our sympt
four symptoms?? which ones ?
there is not any specific test for Parkinson’s disease but it is still possible to diagnose someone with it using clinical diagnosis by a neurologist along with a movement disorder specialist.
not clear
times overlooked (
yes, and I feel like it is what you are also doing in this section.
gait, balance and postural impairments to be
it is not a main symptom ?
Resting Tr
only during resting ?
y often start on one side of the body and even after it has progressed to the whole body it stays worse on the side where it started
can be better formulated.
small
do we really know? do you have a reference?
adual nerve cells damage
I think it is important to say right away what type of cells
are you sure it is damage?
1).
not clear what you are proposing ?
reactive balance (Gschwind, et al.,
that's not one of the goal of the programs presented in previous section?
Due to the loss of both motor and sensory neurons that occurs with age, a decrease in balance follows (Gs
1- sentence not clear 2- yes, you already mentioned many times, should be clear by now.
).
most of this section was on gait ... what about falls ?
I am still not sure what causes falls ? you talk about so many different elements. Keep in mind that the goal is to produce a booklet for kinesiologist to better understand your condition and impairment. Needs to be clear and straight forward.
What about sensory deficits? Is sensory function affected by aging? can it relate to falls ?
Can you relate to motor control concepts seen in class? motor control model?
e freezing of gai
normal healthy (but aging) individuals experience freezing of gait ?
e associate
was associated with falls ??
ms
there is a lot of redundancy between this section and the previous one. We can tell that different persons did different sections, but it should not be the case.
Improve the organization and content. Read papers, come with your own ideas and their organization, and then provide reference for the ideas.
Ga
repetitive from previous section.
91). I
repetitive with previous paragraph.
.
are they using this as a diagnosis tool ?
cularly susceptible to gray matter atrophy
is that related to falls ? or only aging ? Next section was mostly on falls... not clear.
ethods
all your figures should be related to the text.
Fall P
The difference between this and the previous one is not clear.
eral years back (Gschwind, et
what about now ?
Postural control involves a complex interaction between the sensory and motor systems (Seidler et al., 2011).This requires the perceiving of environmental stimuli, the response to alterations in the body’s orientation within the environment and the maintenance of the body’s center of gravity within the base of support (Seidler et al., 2011
are these changed with aging ? Improve the organization of this paragraph. Last sentences seem to come from no where.
mic.
how is this sentence linked to the previous one ?
The risk factors responsible for aging fall problems can be intrinsic or extrinsic (Fuller, 2000).
so what ?
uture.T
improve your flow !
pulation
you should include the reference of all the figures. Also, you should relate to the figure in the text.
ture.
There is a lot of numbers and stats in that paragraph ... is it really necessary and relevant ?
alls are often defined as inadvertently coming to rest on the ground, floor or other lower level, excluding intentional change in position to rest on furniture, wall or other objects (W
This does not seem to come from you.
ndiv
is this sentence relevant to this section ?
third of patients c
reference ?
At t
improve the flow. First sentence is about signs, then diagnosis and now, signs again.
s.
you should have a section on diagnosis, you can say more about it.
lthough diagnostic tests
which are ??
EMG readings for both upper limbs
Is that what they currently do in clinical practice to diagnose focal hand dystonia ? Nothing new since 1993 ?
description availa
too small
malities in the motor circuitry within the basal ganglia (Singam,2013). Conversely, data from other studies suggest impaired sensorimotor integration (Serrien et al. 2000) and abnormal brainstem inhibitory mechanisms (Cohen,1989; Chen et.,1997) may be responsible.
Is that all you are going to say about its pathophysiology? if yes, you should add more. If no, you should think of either adding more here or don't mention it.
vailable.
what is the link between this figure and what are you saying? What is this image showing us?
.
the figure needs to have a title and a #, and to be linked in the text. You also need to provide the reference of the image. you should have these elements for all the image/figure.
termined, some studies show pathophysiological evidence suggesting that writer’s cramp may have been caused
rephrase, a lot of words say the same thing here, evidence, studies, pathophysiology, have been caused etc.
remote muscle group
what are remote muscle groups ?
p is a focal task-specific hand dystonia (FHD) (Goldman, 2015). It is manifested mo
combine to be more efficient
sponsible for communication in the brain. If that is damaged, then no signals can be sent down to the muscles, which further proves that the output is damaged; there is no problem with feedback (Hope Through Research).
combine to be more efficient
description
Nice figure, but should have a title,
Another type of
I believe these types of CP have already been presented in a previous section. All the members of the group should read the whole project
ndon reflexes are also hyperactive,
are you focusing on these reflexes ? stiffness? arms?
he progression of the disorder has been shown to affect other neurological structures as well. Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT)
is it relevant to your motor impairment ?
SP.
I feel like you read a paper, put what they say in different words, and that's it. You need to read different papers, come up with the ideas and the order you want to present them, and then, support these ideas with references. Currently, I am not convinced you understand what you wrote. Summarize, put in your own words, etc. Currently it is very hard to follow.
how
shown
).
what is the purpose of this figure ? give it a title. introduce it in your text.
athological deterioration
what does that mean ?
hich is used for differential
what is used for diagnosis ? deterioration of the riMLF or slow vertical saccade ?
generate vertical saccades
in response of something ?
s (riMLF)
already defined
s
not plural
This sig
which sign ??
2006).
put this paragraph in context ... what is the age? is that use for diagnosis ? you are showing PSP versus healthy or is this specifically for gaze palsy ?
ye test comparison
you did not talk about this test.... what is it ?
his pathology is usually accompanied with pseudobulbar palsy, dysarthria, dystonic rigidity of the neck and upper trunk, and dementia
a lot of repetition !!!
Of these symptoms, visual disturbances, or more specifically, vertical gaze paresis and saccades will be further described.
not clear if this is your motor impairment ?
Bronchopneumonia
why ? what is the link with PSP ?
was
''was''? so now it is different ?
Molinuevo et al. 2000). S
you are using several different font, especially with references
of onset for PSP is 63 year
but how do you diagnose PSP ?
steady gait, backward falls because of poor balance, visual disturbances, slurred speech and forgetfulness.
that's really movement related but it is the first time you talk about movement ....
2 consecutive patien
what are consecutive patients ?
e analysis of clinical features and symptoms was observed
rephrase ... your sentence says: the analysis [....] was observed
PSP symptoms arise from a lesion to either the subcortical structures or the fronto-sub-cortical circuitry (Litvan et al. 1996).
how can you link these structures to the symptoms mentioned ?
ed as extrapyramidal, dystonia and increased tone.
which are ?
some cases
so what is the most common cause ? MAPT is the only cause you talk of and you say it is only in some cases....
y
the purpose of using scalar is to do a booklet for kinesiologist ... but you only have two sections. You should work on the organization and flow. Think of having separate sections for overview, pathology, diagnosis, prognosis, symptoms, motor symptoms, your motor impairment, etc. etc. This will ease the reading !
control eye movements, ar
this is the first time you talk about eye movement, should be introduce before. Try working on and improving the flow and organization.
erally speaking, this disease results from damage to nerve cells within the brain
too general. What kind of damage? Which area ?
MAPT
why in italic now and not before ?
he tau protein is commonly found in neurons in the brain and in other parts of the nervous system (Goedert, 2004). Its main role is putting together and stabilizing components of the structure of cells, helping cells to keep their shape, and aiding in cell division and the transport of materials
combine to be more efficient
9).
at this point, I don't really know what is PSP clinically... It is related to dementia, but you should give a general overview of what it affects .... only dementia? movement? etc.
the MAPT gene (Caillet-Boudin et al. 2015). The MAPT gene controls the body’s production of a protein called tau.
combine to be more efficient
Progressive supranuclear palsy
use PSP throughout the text or always right it out long.
of PSP by XpertDox
please indicate where you took the figures from AND relate to the figure in the text.
was
why ''was''? and not ''is''? This reference is from 1999, nothing more recent?
Subcortical dementia is defined as being frontotemporal dementia
does not tell much.... if subcortical, shouldn't it involve subcortical structures? Also, I am not sure the link is clear between PSP and dementia
refers to a class of neurodegenerative diseases associate with the pathological aggregation of tau protein in neurofibrillary or gliofibrillary tangles in the human brain
you can do a sentence for this.
The fast-growing body of recent neuroplasticity literature suggests that an intensive, repetitive, task-specific intervention for CP ought to commence very early while the brain is most plastic, such as in the first 2 years of life (McIntyre, 2011).
Don't forget that this section is also about prognosis. This sentence is the only thing you say about prognosis ...
ther diagnosis tools include: targeted laboratory tests and cerebral imaging using computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound (Krigger, 2006).
what are they looking at with those tools so they can confirm CP ?
pecific tests can be performed for diagnosis that are base
not clear, rephrase
cerebral palsy
abbreviation
The symptoms of CP vary from person to person, as they depend on which parts of the brain are injured.
you should expand on this !
ontrol movement, balance, and postur
cerebellum? brainstem ?
No description available.Scalar URLhttp://scalar.usc.edu/works/my-book-38/media/what-is-cp (version 1)Source URLhttp://scalar.usc.edu/works/my-book-38/media/What-is-the-definition-of-cerebral-palsy-.png (image/PNG)dcterms:titleWhat is CP?View asRDF-XML, RDF-JSON, or HTML
all the figures should have their reference
regulates motor function.
motor function is also regulated by other regions of the CNS.
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a disorder that affects normal movement of the body
relevant? very broad
DescriptionDetailsCitationsSource fileFigure 5: The Homunculus. Somatotopical organization of the sensorimotor cortexScalar URLhttp://scalar.usc.edu/works/edkp-447---sci-incomplete-lesion/media/figure-5 (version 1)Source URLhttp://scalar.usc.edu/works/edkp-447---sci-incomplete-lesion/media/dakota%20figure%205.PNG (image/PNG)dcterms:titlefigure 5dcterms:descriptionFigure 5: The Homunculus. Somatotopical organization of the sensorimotor cortexView asRDF-XML, RDF-JSON, or HTML The primary motor cortex or ‘M1’ and primary sensory cortex or ‘S1’ are
this sentence (not figure) would benefit from comas !
al Cord Syndrome (CCS) - a subclass of spinal cord injuries -
this has already been presented, no? Don't repeat the content and make to present it in the relevant section.
A complete SCI is characterized as a lack of sensorimotor function beyond the site of injury in the cord.
repetitive
spite missing data, t
what does that mean ? can we rely on these conclusions ? Any new conclusions/results in that regard since 1999?
The most sensitive predictor is the severity and completeness in the neurological impairments as measured by a proxy like the ASIA score (Figure 4: Peitzman et al., 2012). There is an improved prognosis in terms of recovery that increases as the ASIA grade changes from scale A to D, increasing the likelihood of walking if classified with ASIA grade of D (Marino et al., 1999; Middendorp et al., 2008). Marino and colleagues (1999) have noticed
repetitive with previous section !
control key movement of the body
be more specific. Relate to your topic of SCI C7-T1
treatment efficacy and prognosi
but not diagnosis ? shouldn't it be in the Prognosis section ?
nnual age-adjusted rates of incidents for suffering SCI for adults 15-65 years of age is 42.4 million and for adults over 65 is 51.4 million
Not clear. You say rates, but present a quantity. 42.4 million individual suffers from SCI in Canada per year? Does not make sense to me ...
omes
a little bigger so we can better see the image
n manual skills, will see improved cognitive function that carries into gait capacities
make sure that you well explain how a manual task can improve gait....
*diet*
make sure it is actually relevant to gait impairment.
bs.
references for this paragraph ?
1
why using numbers if you don't use them in your text ?
References
why do you have numbers?
tibialis anterior motor
if that is your motor impairment, what is the relevance of the TA to the gait cycle?
he corticospinal tract is most often studied,
what is this sentence adding? Why do you need to mention this here, and how does it fit with the flow of your section/paragraph?
haracterized by muscle weakness, muscle contracture, changes in muscle tone, joint laxity, and impaired motor control
are you talking about paresis, spasticity, etc. ?
Strokes cause variable impairments depending on the location and severity of the damaged brain cells. In the event of damage found in right brain hemisphere, motor and sensory functions are impaired on the left side of the body and correspondingly when the left-brain hemisphere is affected. Similarly, various functions attributed to corresponding regions of the brain are also affected. The effect of strokes can also vary in their nature. Strokes characterized by an ischemic stroke are considered to be far less dangerous than hemorrhagic strokes. The latter induces excess pressure in the brain, which can stimulate spasms, describing vasoconstriction of blood vessels in the brain, further blunting brain function.
this should go in previous sections
ng (MRI)
since you talk about MRI and CT, would be nice to have such an image of a stroke.
When observing a stroke causing a loss of brain cells in the region in the cerebrum
rephrase to be more efficient
high cholesterol
hyperlipidemia
In terms of sex and ethnicity, men are at a greater risk for stroke compared to women and African Americans and Hispanic Americnas are at greater risk than White Americans (Stern et al., 2003).
rephrase to be more efficient
putting a lot of pressure
what does that mean ?
“rapidly developing clinical signs of focal (or global) disturbance of cerebral function, with symptoms lasting 24 hours or longer or leading to death, with no apparent cause other than that of vascular origin”
Put this in your own words, so that it is clearer for kinesiologists.
limited
Is it really limited? Blockage?
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