In AngularJS, the view is a projection of the model through the HTML template

Once an application is bootstrapped, it will then wait for incoming browser events (such as mouse clicks, key presses or incoming HTTP responses) that might change the model. Once such an event occurs, AngularJS detects if it caused any model changes and if changes are found, AngularJS will reflect them in the view by updating all of the affected bindings

The first item will have one unit of space against the container edge, but two units of space between the next item because that next item has its own spacing that applies

By default, flex items will all try to fit onto one line. You can change that and allow the items to wrap as needed with this property.

This behavior also argues for following the convention of placing an opening curly brace at the end of a line in JavaScript, rather than on the beginning of a new line. As shown here, this becomes more than just a stylistic preference in JavaScript.

automatically inserted

although omitting them is generally really bad form

To avoid this problem (to prevent ASI), you could use parentheses

No line terminator is allowed between the return keyword and the expression

Now that’s a really powerful JavaScript pattern that you have learned. It combines the power of both IIFEs and closures.This is a very basic variation on the module pattern. There are more patterns, but almost all of them use an IIFE to create a private closure scope.

Remember this! You need a function expression to form an IIFE. Function statements/definitions are never used for creating IIFEs

The above stylistic variation can be used by replacing “!” with “+”, “-”, or even “~” as well. Basically any unary operator can be used

As we saw before, a function statement always starts with the function keyword. Whenever JavaScript sees function keyword as the first word in a valid statement, it expects that a function definition is going to take place. So to stop this from happening, we are prefixing “!” in-front of the function keyword on line 1. This basically enforces JavaScript to treat whatever that’s coming after “!” as an expression.

So the difference here is that the function expression has a name “fibonacci” that can be used inside that function expression to call itself recursively

They are anonymous because they don’t have a name following the function keyword

// use Array.isArray or Object.prototype.toString.call // to differentiate regular objects from arrays

The __proto__ of an object created by calling a function with new is equal to the prototype of that function The __proto__ of a function’s prototype is equal to Object.prototype The __proto__ of Object.prototype is null

ng-repeat="message in emails.messages"

inside Controllers or as a defined method. Here’s the method usage,

There are various ways to define Directives in the DOM, these could look like so