dazd

dint

daunted

enhaunst

dismay

trenchand

Elfe

Ay wont

deadly bale

Armed to point

entraile

displaid

effraide

vpstart

glistring

hardiment

His forces faile, ne can no longer fight.

And knitting all his force got one hand free, Wherewith he grypt her gorge with so great paine, That soone to loose her wicked bands did her constraine.

And with his trenchand blade her boldly kept From turning backe, and forced her to stay: Therewith enrag’d she loudly gan to bray, And turning fierce, her speckled taile aduaunst, Threatning her angry sting, him to dismay: Who nought aghast, his mightie hand enhaunst: The stroke down fro[m]; her head vnto her shoulder glaunst.

Their dam vpstart, out of her den effraide, And rushed forth, hurling her hideous taile About her cursed head, whose folds displaid Were stretcht now forth at length without entraile. She lookt about, and seeing one in mayle Armed to point, sought backe to turne againe; For light she hated as the deadly bale,

Of her there bred A thousand yong ones, which she dayly fed,

So pure and innocent, as that same lambe, She was in life and euery vertuous lore, And by descent from Royall lynage came Of ancient Kings and Queenes,

For an Historiographer discourseth of affaires orderly as they were done, accounting as well the times as the actions; but a Poet thrusteth into the middest, even where it most concerneth him, and there recoursing to the things forepast, and divining of things to come, maketh a pleasing analysis of all.

the image of a brave knight

Her vomit full of bookes and papers was, With loathly frogs and toades, which eyes did lacke,

And euer as he rode, his hart did earne To proue his puissance in battell braue Vpon his foe, and his new force to learne; Vpon his foe, a Dragon horrible and stearne.

.

But forth vnto the darksome hole he went, And looked in: his glistring armor made A litle glooming light, much like a shade, By which he saw the vgly monster plaine, Halfe like a serpent horribly displaide, But th’other halfe did womans shape retaine, Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and full of vile disdaine.

Fly fly (quoth then The fearefull Dwarfe:) this is no place for liuing men.

So many pathes, so many turnings seene, That which of them to take, in diuerse doubt they been.

Be well aware, quoth then that Ladie milde, Least suddaine mischiefe ye too rash prouoke: The danger hid, the place vnknowne and wilde,

Sir knight with-hold, till further triall made. Ah Ladie (said he) shame were to reuoke

gate

wot

Vertue

reuoke

mischiefe

milde

braue

stout

diuerse

doubt

weening

of forlorne Paramours

weepeth still

Cedar proud and tall

harbour

footing

couert

fain

Lemans

an hideous storme of raine

Forwasted

from East to Westerne shore

vertuous lore

innocent

Heben

deadly

glorious fire

roue

cunningly

impe

Briton Prince

Orgoglio

A louely Ladie rode him faire beside, Vpon a lowly Asse more white then snow, Yet she much whiter

She falling before the Queene of Faeries, complayned that her father and mother, an ancient King and Queene, had bene by an huge dragon many yeers shut up in a brazen Castle

Faery Queene kept her annuall feast twelve daies

In that Faery Queene I mean Glory

Soone after entred a faire Ladie in mourning weedes, riding on a white Asse, with a dwarfe behind her leading a warlike steed, that bore the Armes of a knight, and his speare in the dwarfes hand.

But forth vnto the darksome hole he went, And looked in: his glistring armor made A litle glooming light, much like a shade, By which he saw the vgly monster plaine, Halfe like a serpent horribly displaide, But th’other halfe did womans shape retaine, Most lothsom, filthie, foule, and full of vile disdaine.

The day with cloudes was suddeine ouercast, And angry Ioue an hideous storme of raine Did poure into his Lemans lap so fast, That euery wight to shrowd it did constrain, And this faire couple eke to shroud the[m]selues were fain.

intermedled

dragon

king Arthure,

erfected in the twelve private morall vertues, as Aristotle hath devised

weene

weedes

sith

mote

liefe

hight

yfere

fere

eyen

doome

anon

And eke this battels end, will need another place.

Holinesse

Temperance

Britomartis

Historiographer

LO I the man, whose Muse whilome did maske, As time her taught, in lowly Shepheards weeds, Am now enforst a far vnfitter taske, For trumpets sterne to chaunge mine Oaten reeds,

Geaunt

Arthure: whom I conceive, after his long education by Timon (to whom he was by Merlin delivered to be brought up, so soone as he was borne of the Lady Igrayne) to have seen in a dreame or vision the Faerie Queene

Homer

torment

viz.

importuned

exquisite

darke conceit

pourtraict

dissevered

ensample

historicall

SIR WALTER RALEIGH, KNIGHT

Edmund Spencer

Yea, I say farther, those books tend not so much to corrupt honest living as they do to subvert true religion.

Papists

Papistry

sermon

Inglese Italianato e un didbolo inoarnato

personages

vanities

meddle

Italianate

as Sir Launcelot with the wife of King Arthur, his master ; Sir Tristram with the wife of King Mark, his uncle ; Sir Lamerock with the wife of King Lote, that was his own aunt

bawdry

forefathers

These be the enchantments of Circe, brought out of Italy to mar men’s manners in England; much by example of ill life, but more by precepts of fond books of late translated out of Italian into English, sold in every shop in London

subvert

.

Morte Arthur,

This is a lively and perfect way of teaching of rules

let him translate into English his former lesson. Then shewing it to his master, let the master take from him his Latin book, and pausing an hour at the least, then let the child translate his own English into Latin again in another paper book.

there is no such whetstone to sharpen a good wit, and encourage a will to learning, as is praise.

let the master praise him,

After this, the child must take a paper book, and sitting in some place, where no man shall prompt him, by himself

parse

construe

First, let him teach the child chearfully and plainly the cause and matter of the letter ; then, let him construe k into English, so oft as the child may easily carry away the understanding of it

Roger Ascham

Roger Ascham

.

Raphael was weary

seemed very absurd

When Raphael had thus made an end of speaking

I can have no other notion of all the other governments that I see or know, than that they are a conspiracy of the rich

The first and the last day of the month, and of the year, is a festival

they are persuaded that good men, after death, have these affections;

for they do not willingly suffer any war to break in upon their island; and if that should happen, they would only defend themselves by their own people; but would not call for auxiliary troops to their assistance.

truce

obstinate

But as they force no man to go into any foreign war against his will, so they do not hinder those women who are willing to go along with their husbands

“I never saw a clearer instance of the opposite impressions that different customs make on people than I observed in the ambassadors of the Anemolians, who came to Amaurot when I was there. 

for though there are but few in any town that are so wholly excused from labour as to give themselves entirely up to their studies

As to moral philosophy, they have the same disputes among them as we have here. 

“Agriculture is that which is so universally understood among them that no person, either man or woman, is ignorant of it;

“They have but few laws, and such is their constitution that they need not many.  They very much condemn other nations whose laws, together with the commentaries on them, swell up to so many volumes; for they think it an unreasonable thing to oblige men to obey a body of laws that are both of such a bulk, and so dark as not to be read and understood by every one of the subjects.

when any die cheerfully, and full of hope, they do not mourn for them, but sing hymns when they carry out their bodies, and commending their souls very earnestly to God

The island of Utopia

Before marriage some grave matron presents the bride, naked, whether she is a virgin or a widow, to the bridegroom, and after that some grave man presents the bridegroom, naked, to the bride. 

The Prince himself has no distinction, either of garments or of a crown; but is only distinguished by a sheaf of corn carried before him; as the High Priest is also known by his being preceded by a person carrying a wax light.

they erect statues to the memories of such worthy men as have deserved well of their country, and set these in their market-places, both to perpetuate the remembrance of their actions and to be an incitement to their posterity to follow their example

it is likewise infamous among them to use paint.

If any man should reproach another for his being misshaped or imperfect in any part of his body, it would not at all be thought a reflection on the person so treated, but it would be accounted scandalous in him that had upbraided another with what he could not help.

for those who are taken with fixed and incurable diseases, they use all possible ways to cherish them and to make their lives as comfortable as possible

for they believe that a deliberate design to commit a crime is equal to the fact itself

those that relapse after they are once pardoned are punished with death.

adulterer and the adulteress are condemned to slavery,

they are the only people of those parts that neither allow of polygamy nor of divorces

if any of them run into forbidden embraces before marriage they are severely punished

Another sort of slaves are the poor of the neighbouring countries, who offer of their own accord to come and serve them

They do not make slaves of prisoners of war, except those that are taken in battle, nor of the sons of their slaves, nor of those of other nations

.

These are their religious principles

if not the whole, yet the chief part, of a man’s happiness in pleasure

gold or silver

but in the country, where they live at a great distance, every one eats at home

none of their citizens to kill their cattle

since there is such plenty of everything among them; and there is no danger of a man’s asking for more than he needs

wives serve their husbands

Their women, when they grow up, are married out, but all the males, both children and grand-children, live still in the same house

They do not so much as know dice, or any such foolish and mischievous games.

for the most part, reading

appoint six of these for work, three of which are before dinner and three after; they then sup, and at eight o’clock, counting from noon, go to bed and sleep eight hours

they wear the same sort of clothes, without any other distinction except what is necessary to distinguish the two sexes and the married and unmarried

every man has some peculiar trade to which he applies himself; such as the manufacture of wool or flax, masonry, smith’s work, or carpenter’s work; for there is no sort of trade that is in great esteem among them

It is a fundamental rule of their government, that no conclusion can be made in anything that relates to the public till it has been first debated three several days in their council.

thatched

They cultivate their gardens with great care, so that they have both vines, fruits, herbs, and flowers in them; and all is so well ordered and so finely kept that I never saw gardens anywhere that were both so fruitful and so beautiful as theirs.  And this humour of ordering their gardens so well is not only kept up by the pleasure they find in it, but also by an emulation between the inhabitants of the several streets, who vie with each other. 

vie

they drink either wine, cider or perry, and often water, sometimes boiled with honey or liquorice

they sow much more and breed more cattle than are necessary for their consumption, and they give that overplus of which they make no use to their neighbours. 

By this means such as dwell in those country farms are never ignorant of agriculture

The nearest lie at least twenty-four miles’ distance from one another, and the most remote are not so far distant but that a man can go on foot in one day from it to that which lies next it. 

contrived

they are all contrived as near in the same manner as the ground on which they stand will allow

Amaurot

garrison

not unlike

ingenuity

ingenious

antiquity

I will do it very willingly

Utopia

magistrates

sedition

slothful

mitigate

allay