Sets the emergency shutdown flag to true for this contract.

rate for all collateral types is first initialized to 1 ray.

It increases continuously every second based on the value of duty set for the collateral type on the Jug contract.

Mapping to store some of the risk parameters of collateral types. Risk parameters for collateral types are also stored in other contracts too.

Risk parameters for collateral types.

Total debt ceiling set for the entire system.

It need not add up to all the individual debt ceilings set for each collateral type.

Total amount of bad debt in the system.

Total Dai issued across all collateral types by the system.

Bad debt balance of addresses.

Typically only the address of the Vow contract would have a sin balance in the system.

Dai balances of users. This will not reflect the balances of those holding Dai ERC-20 tokens issued by the adapter contract.

Addresses authorized to call restricted functions that have an auth modifier.

Current list of authorized addresses/contracts are,

• Collateral Adapters