2,962 Matching Annotations
  1. May 2018
    1. This means much less deforestation and land degradation if so many plant crops weren’t run through the digestive tracts of cattle. If Americans traded their beef for beans, the researchers found, that would free up 42 percent of U.S. crop land.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:An overview of chain of events and cost/benefit analysis is used to support the idea that cutting out beef from our diet will allow us to almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.

      Highlight:

      This means much less deforestation and land degradation if so many plant crops weren’t run through the digestive tracts of cattle. If Americans traded their beef for beans, the researchers found, that would free up 42 percent of U.S. crop land.

    2. To understand why the climate impact of beef alone is so large, note that the image at the top of this story is a sea of soybeans in a silo in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The beans belong to a feed lot that holds 38,000 cattle, the growth and fattening of which means dispensing 900 metric tons of feed every day. Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:An overview of chain of events and cost/benefit analysis is used to support the idea that cutting out beef from our diet will allow us to almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.

      Highlight:

      To understand why the climate impact of beef alone is so large, note that the image at the top of this story is a sea of soybeans in a silo in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The beans belong to a feed lot that holds 38,000 cattle, the growth and fattening of which means dispensing 900 metric tons of feed every day. Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.

    3. This means much less deforestation and land degradation if so many plant crops weren’t run through the digestive tracts of cattle. If Americans traded their beef for beans, the researchers found, that would free up 42 percent of U.S. crop land.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      This means much less deforestation and land degradation if so many plant crops weren’t run through the digestive tracts of cattle. If Americans traded their beef for beans, the researchers found, that would free up 42 percent of U.S. crop land.

    4. To understand why the climate impact of beef alone is so large, note that the image at the top of this story is a sea of soybeans in a silo in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The beans belong to a feed lot that holds 38,000 cattle, the growth and fattening of which means dispensing 900 metric tons of feed every day. Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      To understand why the climate impact of beef alone is so large, note that the image at the top of this story is a sea of soybeans in a silo in the Brazilian Amazon rainforest. The beans belong to a feed lot that holds 38,000 cattle, the growth and fattening of which means dispensing 900 metric tons of feed every day. Which is to say that these beans will be eaten by cows, and the cows will convert the beans to meat, and the humans will eat the meat. In the process, the cows will emit much greenhouse gas, and they will consume far more calories in beans than they will yield in meat, meaning far more clearcutting of forests to farm cattle feed than would be necessary if the beans above were simply eaten by people.

    5. Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef. They found that if everyone were willing and able to do that—hypothetically—the U.S. could still come close to meeting its 2020 greenhouse-gas emission goals

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Experts are cited

      Highlight:

      Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef. They found that if everyone were willing and able to do that—hypothetically—the U.S. could still come close to meeting its 2020 greenhouse-gas emission goals

    6. She and her colleagues conclude in the journal Climatic Change: “While not currently recognized as a climate policy option, the ‘beans for beef’ scenario offers significant climate change mitigation and other environmental benefits, illustrating the high potential of animal to plant food shifts.”

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Experts are cited

      Highlight:

      She and her colleagues conclude in the journal Climatic Change: “While not currently recognized as a climate policy option, the ‘beans for beef’ scenario offers significant climate change mitigation and other environmental benefits, illustrating the high potential of animal to plant food shifts.”

    7. cheese—this one dietary change could achieve somewhere between 46 and 74 percent of the reductions needed to meet the target.

      CredCo Indicator:Inference - Type of Claims

      Question:Is a general or singular causal claim made? Highlight the section(s) that supports your answer.

      Answer:General Causal Claim

      Highlight:

      cheese—this one dietary change could achieve somewhere between 46 and 74 percent of the reductions needed to meet the target.

    8. it as the dread and helplessness that come with “watching the slow and seemingly irrevocable impacts of climate change unfold, and worrying about the future for oneself, children, and later generations.”

      CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Appeal to Fear

      Question:Does the author exaggerate the dangers of a situation and use scare tactics to persuade (the appeal to fear fallacy)?

      Answer:Sort of

      Highlight:

      it as the dread and helplessness that come with “watching the slow and seemingly irrevocable impacts of climate change unfold, and worrying about the future for oneself, children, and later generations.”

    9. A relatively small, single-food substitution could be the most powerful change a person makes in terms of their lifetime environmental impact—more so than downsizing one’s car [HYPERLINK: paywall], or being vigilant about turning off light bulbs, and certainly more than quitting showering

      CredCo Indicator:Logical Fallacies - Slippery Slope

      Question:Does the author say that one small change will lead to a major change (use a slippery slope argument)? Highlight the relevant section(s).

      Answer:Yes

      Highlight:

      A relatively small, single-food substitution could be the most powerful change a person makes in terms of their lifetime environmental impact—more so than downsizing one’s car [HYPERLINK: paywall], or being vigilant about turning off light bulbs, and certainly more than quitting showering

    10. that—hypothetically—the U.S. could still come close to meeting its 2020 greenhouse-gas emission goals

      CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty

      Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

      Answer:Sort of

      Highlight:

      that—hypothetically—the U.S. could still come close to meeting its 2020 greenhouse-gas emission goals

    11. Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef.

      CredCo Indicator:Citation of Studies

      Question:Highlight each scientific study cited:

      Answer:Scientific Study 1

      Highlight:

      Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef.

    12. Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef.

      CredCo Indicator:Single Study Article

      Question:Is this article primarily about a single scientific study?

      Answer:Yes

      Highlight:

      Recently Harwatt and a team of scientists from Oregon State University, Bard College, and Loma Linda University calculated [Broken Hyperlink] just what would happen if every American made one dietary change: substituting beans for beef.

    13. With one dietary change, the U.S. could almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.

      CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title

      Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?

      Answer:Hidden secret or trick (“Fitness Companies Hate Him...”, “Experts are Dying to Know Their Secret”)

      Highlight:

      With one dietary change, the U.S. could almost meet greenhouse-gas emission goals.

    1. On the other hand, Tesla has been adding jobs with now over 18,000 employees worldwide and the majority are in the US. At the Fremont factory alone, Tesla employs over 6,000 people and it plans to bring that number up to 9,000 to support its latest expansion plans.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:Facts that support the pursuit of renewable energy options are provided.

      Highlight:

      On the other hand, Tesla has been adding jobs with now over 18,000 employees worldwide and the majority are in the US. At the Fremont factory alone, Tesla employs over 6,000 people and it plans to bring that number up to 9,000 to support its latest expansion plans.

    2. When the US oil industry lost $67 billion in 2015, it also slashed close to 100,000 jobs during the same period. All the while, more Americans now work in the solar industry than the extraction of oil, gas, or coal.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:Facts that support the pursuit of renewable energy options are provided.

      Highlight:

      When the US oil industry lost $67 billion in 2015, it also slashed close to 100,000 jobs during the same period. All the while, more Americans now work in the solar industry than the extraction of oil, gas, or coal.

    3. On the other hand, Tesla has been adding jobs with now over 18,000 employees worldwide and the majority are in the US. At the Fremont factory alone, Tesla employs over 6,000 people and it plans to bring that number up to 9,000 to support its latest expansion plans.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      On the other hand, Tesla has been adding jobs with now over 18,000 employees worldwide and the majority are in the US. At the Fremont factory alone, Tesla employs over 6,000 people and it plans to bring that number up to 9,000 to support its latest expansion plans.

    4. When the US oil industry lost $67 billion in 2015, it also slashed close to 100,000 jobs during the same period. All the while, more Americans now work in the solar industry than the extraction of oil, gas, or coal.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      When the US oil industry lost $67 billion in 2015, it also slashed close to 100,000 jobs during the same period. All the while, more Americans now work in the solar industry than the extraction of oil, gas, or coal.

    5. One of the main examples Trump has been using is Ford moving jobs from Michigan to Mexico in order to be more competitive. Since his election, GM also announced job cuts.

      CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty

      Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

      Answer:Sort of

      Highlight:

      One of the main examples Trump has been using is Ford moving jobs from Michigan to Mexico in order to be more competitive. Since his election, GM also announced job cuts.

    6. While Trump’s deregulation of the oil and gas industry could certainly recreate jobs, we have to keep in mind that more investments don’t represent a guarantee that the companies will be able to handle price slumps like the one we saw last year and continues now without more government subsidies.

      CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty

      Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

      Answer:Sort of

      Highlight:

      While Trump’s deregulation of the oil and gas industry could certainly recreate jobs, we have to keep in mind that more investments don’t represent a guarantee that the companies will be able to handle price slumps like the one we saw last year and continues now without more government subsidies.

    1. This is because the hydrogen sulfide produced in our intestines during digestion may prevent mitochondrial damage to our cells. This prevents strokes, heart disease, and arthritis.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:They provided (unsourced) medical facts that support the benefits of farting.

      Highlight:

      This is because the hydrogen sulfide produced in our intestines during digestion may prevent mitochondrial damage to our cells. This prevents strokes, heart disease, and arthritis.

    2. Holding your gas can cause abdominal pain, also known as intestinal distension. So, letting your gas go will help relieve this pain.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:They provided (unsourced) medical facts that support the benefits of farting.

      Highlight:

      Holding your gas can cause abdominal pain, also known as intestinal distension. So, letting your gas go will help relieve this pain.

    3. Passing wind can help you to determine whether or not your diet is balanced since your body will react to different foods in a different manner.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:They provided (unsourced) medical facts that support the benefits of farting.

      Highlight:

      Passing wind can help you to determine whether or not your diet is balanced since your body will react to different foods in a different manner.

    4. This is because the hydrogen sulfide produced in our intestines during digestion may prevent mitochondrial damage to our cells. This prevents strokes, heart disease, and arthritis.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      This is because the hydrogen sulfide produced in our intestines during digestion may prevent mitochondrial damage to our cells. This prevents strokes, heart disease, and arthritis.

    5. Passing wind can help you to determine whether or not your diet is balanced since your body will react to different foods in a different manner.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      Passing wind can help you to determine whether or not your diet is balanced since your body will react to different foods in a different manner.

    1. One of the omega-6 fatty acids in tilapia goes by the name of arachidonic acid – a compound which significantly increases the type of inflammatory damage that precedes Alzheimer’s.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Correlation

      Highlight:

      One of the omega-6 fatty acids in tilapia goes by the name of arachidonic acid – a compound which significantly increases the type of inflammatory damage that precedes Alzheimer’s.

    1. Why would a single shooter need 10 rifles? Managing just one full auto weapon system is so difficult that it’s probably beyond the physical capabilities of a 64-year-old retired accountant, which is what Paddock was.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:The article provides facts and uses logic to question the practicality of the story presented by the media.

      Highlight:

      Why would a single shooter need 10 rifles? Managing just one full auto weapon system is so difficult that it’s probably beyond the physical capabilities of a 64-year-old retired accountant, which is what Paddock was.

    2. The following video captures the sound of the automatic weapons fire — and even appears to capture at least TWO weapons firing simultaneously — yet shows no muzzle flashes from the 32nd floor windows of the Mandalay Bay hotel.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:The article provides facts and uses logic to question the practicality of the story presented by the media.

      Highlight:

      The following video captures the sound of the automatic weapons fire — and even appears to capture at least TWO weapons firing simultaneously — yet shows no muzzle flashes from the 32nd floor windows of the Mandalay Bay hotel.

    3. In fact, the video below shows what might be muzzle flashes from a completely different location closer to the 5th floor.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:The article provides facts and uses logic to question the practicality of the story presented by the media.

      Highlight:

      In fact, the video below shows what might be muzzle flashes from a completely different location closer to the 5th floor.

    4. It would not be in the interests of ISIS to falsely claim credit for an attack they did not help carry out, as that would discredit their own supporters and funding sources.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:The article provides facts and uses logic to question the practicality of the story presented by the media.

      Highlight:

      It would not be in the interests of ISIS to falsely claim credit for an attack they did not help carry out, as that would discredit their own supporters and funding sources.

    5. People who aren’t familiar with firearms have no idea how difficult it is to conduct sustained fire with an automatic weapon. It requires tremendous strength, endurance and training — something that Stephen Paddock had none of.

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:The article provides facts and uses logic to question the practicality of the story presented by the media.

      Highlight:

      People who aren’t familiar with firearms have no idea how difficult it is to conduct sustained fire with an automatic weapon. It requires tremendous strength, endurance and training — something that Stephen Paddock had none of.

    6. From the UK Daily Mail, we learn that Paddock had no affiliation with any particular activist group, political group or religious group as far as anyone knows:

      Question:What kind of evidence do they give?

      Answer:The article provides facts and uses logic to question the practicality of the story presented by the media.

      Highlight:

      From the UK Daily Mail, we learn that Paddock had no affiliation with any particular activist group, political group or religious group as far as anyone knows:

    7. From the UK Daily Mail, we learn that Paddock had no affiliation with any particular activist group, political group or religious group as far as anyone knows:

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      From the UK Daily Mail, we learn that Paddock had no affiliation with any particular activist group, political group or religious group as far as anyone knows:

    8. People who aren’t familiar with firearms have no idea how difficult it is to conduct sustained fire with an automatic weapon. It requires tremendous strength, endurance and training — something that Stephen Paddock had none of.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      People who aren’t familiar with firearms have no idea how difficult it is to conduct sustained fire with an automatic weapon. It requires tremendous strength, endurance and training — something that Stephen Paddock had none of.

    9. It would not be in the interests of ISIS to falsely claim credit for an attack they did not help carry out, as that would discredit their own supporters and funding sources.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      It would not be in the interests of ISIS to falsely claim credit for an attack they did not help carry out, as that would discredit their own supporters and funding sources.

    10. The following video captures the sound of the automatic weapons fire — and even appears to capture at least TWO weapons firing simultaneously — yet shows no muzzle flashes from the 32nd floor windows of the Mandalay Bay hotel.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      The following video captures the sound of the automatic weapons fire — and even appears to capture at least TWO weapons firing simultaneously — yet shows no muzzle flashes from the 32nd floor windows of the Mandalay Bay hotel.

    11. Why would a single shooter need 10 rifles? Managing just one full auto weapon system is so difficult that it’s probably beyond the physical capabilities

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Other kind of evidence

      Highlight:

      Why would a single shooter need 10 rifles? Managing just one full auto weapon system is so difficult that it’s probably beyond the physical capabilities

    12. The official narrative that claims this retired accountant just “snapped” and somehow picked up an automatic rifle and expertly laid down highly effective fields of automatic weapons fire for 10 minutes without pause is so insanely stupid as to be laughable.

      CredCo Indicator:Tone - Emotionally Charged

      Question:Does the article have an emotionally charged tone? (i.e, outrage, snark, celebration, horror, etc.). If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

      Answer:Sort of

      Highlight:

      The official narrative that claims this retired accountant just “snapped” and somehow picked up an automatic rifle and expertly laid down highly effective fields of automatic weapons fire for 10 minutes without pause is so insanely stupid as to be laughable.

    13. The official narrative that claims this retired accountant just “snapped” and somehow picked up an automatic rifle and expertly laid down highly effective fields of automatic weapons fire for 10 minutes without pause is so insanely stupid as to be laughable.

      CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty

      Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

      Answer:Sort of

      Highlight:

      The official narrative that claims this retired accountant just “snapped” and somehow picked up an automatic rifle and expertly laid down highly effective fields of automatic weapons fire for 10 minutes without pause is so insanely stupid as to be laughable.

    14. physical impossibility of lone gunman senior citizen makes narrative ludicrous

      CredCo Indicator:Clickbait Title

      Question:What clickbait techniques does this headline employ (select all that apply)?

      Answer:Cliffhanger to a story (“You Won’t Believe What Happens Next”, “Man Divorces His Wife After Overhearing This Conversation”)

      Highlight:

      physical impossibility of lone gunman senior citizen makes narrative ludicrous

    1. That’s part of the reason it runs rampant in kindergartens and preschools, where the kids tend to be grabby with one another, and are usually a little bit covered in spit and snot. It also spread quickly on college campuses, where food and drinks are shared frequently, and students tend to be overtired and not at peak physical health. Senior citizens or folks with weakened immune systems are also vulnerable, especially if they live communally, like in a nursing home.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Correlation

      Highlight:

      That’s part of the reason it runs rampant in kindergartens and preschools, where the kids tend to be grabby with one another, and are usually a little bit covered in spit and snot.

      It also spread quickly on college campuses, where food and drinks are shared frequently, and students tend to be overtired and not at peak physical health.

      Senior citizens or folks with weakened immune systems are also vulnerable, especially if they live communally, like in a nursing home.

    2. This year, experts at the West Central Health District in Georgia warn that it could be a record-breaking year for the disease, which is already causing outbreaks among school kids and college students.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:Experts are cited

      Highlight:

      This year, experts at the West Central Health District in Georgia warn that it could be a record-breaking year for the disease, which is already causing outbreaks among school kids and college students.

    1. In at least three cases, travelers reported that local hospitals, part of the Hospiten chain, appeared to be gouging them, demanding large sums of cash.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:The correlation appears across multiple independent contexts

      Highlight:

      In at least three cases, travelers reported that local hospitals, part of the Hospiten chain, appeared to be gouging them, demanding large sums of cash.

    2. One Wisconsin woman interviewed by the Journal Sentinel said she was assaulted while both she and her husband were unconscious — something supported by an exam done by her OB-GYN when she returned to Neenah. Her husband woke up with a broken hand — a “boxer’s break” that his doctor said likely resulted from hitting someone — but also no memory of what had happened.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:The correlation appears across multiple independent contexts

      Highlight:

      One Wisconsin woman interviewed by the Journal Sentinel said she was assaulted while both she and her husband were unconscious — something supported by an exam done by her OB-GYN when she returned to Neenah. Her husband woke up with a broken hand — a “boxer’s break” that his doctor said likely resulted from hitting someone — but also no memory of what had happened.

    3. In one case, two teenage brothers from Minnesota on vacation with their parents woke up covered in mud, with no shirts or shoes and their wallets and cellphones missing.

      Question:What evidence is given for the primary claim? Select all that apply.

      Answer:The correlation appears across multiple independent contexts

      Highlight:

      In one case, two teenage brothers from Minnesota on vacation with their parents woke up covered in mud, with no shirts or shoes and their wallets and cellphones missing.

    4. Those interviewed said the feeling of being drugged is far different than that of being drunk. They felt certain that whatever happened to them was caused by more than drinking too heavily.

      CredCo Indicator:Confidence - Acknowledge Uncertainty

      Question:Do they acknowledge uncertainty or the possibility that things might be otherwise? If so, highlight the relevant section(s).

      Answer:Sort of

      Highlight:

      Those interviewed said the feeling of being drugged is far different than that of being drunk. They felt certain that whatever happened to them was caused by more than drinking too heavily.

    5. interviews with nearly a dozen travelers and family members whose loved ones died or were injured at the resorts, as well as hospital records, ambulance receipts, hotel correspondence and other documents.

      Question:Which of the following types of sources are cited in the article? Check all that apply. If Other, please highlight.

      Answer:Other

      Highlight:

      interviews with nearly a dozen travelers and family members whose loved ones died or were injured at the resorts, as well as hospital records, ambulance receipts, hotel correspondence and other documents.