6,999 Matching Annotations
  1. Jun 2019
    1. there came riding to the palace the flower of all the ladies of the world. She came mounted upon a palfrey, white as snow, which carried her softly, as though she loved her burthen. Beneath the sky was no goodlier steed, nor one more gentle to the hand. The harness of the palfrey was so rich, that no king on earth might hope to buy trappings so precious, unless he sold or set his realm in pledge

      Great form of imagery. She is being described beautifully

    2. strife

      angry or bitter disagreement over fundamental issues; conflict

    3. succour

      assistance and support in times of hardship and distress.

    4. roused the jealousy of the Queen.

      Okay so the Queen seems like a brat to me

    5. Every day they came to his chamber, to know of his meat and drink, for much they feared that presently he would become mad.

      So they want to taunt him and yet they are scared that he is going to go mad? yeah well of course he might

    6. He cared little for his life, and was content to obey the judgment of the Court.

      This is respectful

    7. slain

      Past participle of slay

    8. Launfal cursed his hot and unruly tongue.

      So it seems that he does regret everything that he had said

    9. bewailed

      express great regret, disappointment, or bitterness over (something).

    10. She lay sick upon her bed, from which, she said, she would never rise, till the King had done her justice, and righted this bitter wrong.

      Is she still giving him a chance to stop? Will she still be with him even after all of what he did and said?

    11. e, is so rich in state, that the very meanest of her maidens, excels you, Lady Queen, as much in clerkly skill and goodness, as in sweetness of body and face, and in every virtue.”

      Wow, this words can be very hurtful to hear. I can only imagine how she is feeling and the fact that the is openly able to say this about his mistress is just unreal.

    12. When the Queen heard this, she was full of wrath, and spoke many hot and bitter words.

      As she rightfully should

    13. troth.

      I think this just means truth lol

    14. Amongst these merry and courteous lords hasted not Sir Launfal.

      Its good to know that he isn't interested in the other women. Makes me feel that he is a good guy and not just a lustful man.

    15. gay

      lighthearted and carefree

    16. she, whom I serve, is so rich in state, that the very meanest of her maidens, excels you, Lady Queen

      How dare he spoke to the Queen like that!

    17. in his haste spake words that he repented long, and with tears

      Oh no he's about to make a terrible mistake.

    18. Yvain the fair.

      They use the word fair quite often to describe the positive attributes of someone. When they say fair do they mean light in color? if so, was being very light considered beautiful? Just curious

    19. minstrel.

      a medieval singer or musician, especially one who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the nobility.

    20. Well I deem that you will only call your friend where she may be found without reproach or shame of men.

      This is very typical for the woman to say since she literally gave it up in one night lol

    21. There are sins more black that a man may have upon his soul.

      She is suggesting it's sinful to be gay.

    22. Stranger and friend alike he comforted at need

      Wow he becomes a model of generosity, giving gifts freely.

    23. Launfal returned to his lodging, and was greeted by servitors, clad no longer in ragged raiment.

      So it isn't a dream :) or is he still dreaming?

    24. Maiden

      Sounds like a manipulative woman

    25. Certainly neither Semiramis in the days of her most wanton power, nor Octavian, the Emperor of all the West, had so gracious a covering from sun and rain.

      Her lodgings were described as superior to those of the Assyrian queen Semiramis and the Roman emperor Octavian--historical reference here.

    26. Launfal

      Right off the bat, he is described as a powerless man.

    27. Sir Launfal was son to a King of high descent, though his heritage was in a distant land. He was of the King’s household, but since Arthur gave him naught

      He was born to wealth and nobility, and yet, he does not get anything from King Arthur and he does not ask for anything either.

    28. As the Maiden rode at a slow pace through the streets of the city, there was none, neither great nor small, youth nor sergeant, but ran forth from his house, that he might content his heart with so great beauty. Every man that saw her with his eyes, marvelled at a fairness beyond that of any earthly woman.

      It seems as if she is riding slowly because she is aware of her beauty and wants others to marvel at her beauty so she provides ample time for observers to take in all of her features and admire her

    29. The Court already had given too much time to the business,

      It seems as if they already know the answer to their decision and are going through actions to further prove their point even though it isn't absolutely necessary

    30. Thereat

      After that

    31. The lords of the household came together on the day appointed for this judgment.

      It would be a group decision rather than a biased one side decision which is nice

    32. Launfal was altogether mazed and bewildered at this judgment, for he had neither friend nor kindred in the land.

      This is such a lonely thing to imagine

    33. Naught he found to do but to wring his hands, and call upon the Maiden, begging her to forgive his trespass, and to talk with him again, as friend to friend.

      He disregards any romantic relationship they had or any affection they shared and wants the bare minimum of her friendship, shows how much he really needs her.

    34. pallor

      somewhat pale

    35. palfreys

      horses that mostly used by women

    36. Launfal and the Maiden ate and drank with mirth and content. But one dish was more to the knight’s relish than any other. Sweeter than the dainties within his mouth, was the lady’s kiss upon his lips.

      This line is very cheesy but I think its cute how much he appreciates her company and how much he adores her.

    37. succour

      some kind of help or support during a tough time or situation

    38. sureties

      people who take responsibility for the actions of others

    39. chase

      refers to hunting

    40. clear water

      Why is there a need to state that the water is clear? Is this any sort of symbol?

    41. besmirched

      damaged her reputation

    42. “Fair friend,”

      This has to be the harshest friendzone. They spent the night together "embracing" each other just to be called a "fair friend"

    43. dainties

      something that is very delicious in taste and is pleasurable to taste

    44. evensong

      refers to the Christian practice of services utilizing psalms, canticles, and hymns, particularly in the Anglican church

    45. dower

      to give a dowry to; traditionally from man to woman's family

    46. litten

      lit up

    47. rondure

      a graceful curving or roundness

    48. vesture

      robe or vestment

    49. lances

      a long wooden shaft with a pointed metal head, used as a weapon by knights and cavalry soldiers in charging

    50. wanton

      deliberate and unprovoked. or a sexually immodest or promiscuous woman

    51. provand

      a place where food is stored or kept

    52. demoiselle

      unmarried girl or young woman

    53. discreet

      careful to avoid social embarrassment or distress

    54. raiment

      clothing

    55. mantles

      loose shawls or cloaks worn by women

    56. kirtles

      women's gowns

    57. damsels

      young, unmarried women

    58. unbitted

      the act of taking a bridle off of an animal, such as a horse.

    59. bestowed

      to present something or give something to someone else

    60. Right heavy

      Does this have anything to do with the two halves of the brain. The right side of the brain does not deal with too much logic. Maybe Launfal was not thinking too much into the actions of the king.

    61. Knights of the Round Table.

      Most likely an elite group

    62. .

      These stories all are connected through love, secret, forbidden love. All the stories challenge what makes love really and right or wrong. I think the stories all ended appropriately and made sense. I also didn't find myself trying to stop reading to distract myself, so the overall readability and entertainment was good!

    63. Launfal bestowed rich gifts.

      I hope this isn't the only reason she's staying lol

    64. His lady,

      His lady? So have they formed some type of relationship rather than just sex? or is that was he just calls her

    65. He fared richly, lay softly, and spent largely, but never knew how his purse was filled.

      This shows how powerful love is. No amount of money can give one the happiness that love and attention can give

    66. In his heart he doubted that it was but a dream.

      So it seems that he may be a bit obsessed at the moment. Is the first time that he has made love to someone?

    67. So Launfal kissed,

      Wait, who did he kiss? was it the same girl he slept with?

    68. Sweeter than the dainties within his mouth, was the lady’s kiss upon his lips.

      Interesting lol

    69. I lay this charge upon you, and pray you urgently, that you tell not to any man the secret of our love.

      First of all, its crazy that they went on and already did the do but then now their asked to keep their love a secrete by the lady. I don't like to judge people but the lady seems a bit on the wild side to me.

    70. When Launfal heard these words he rejoiced greatly, for his heart was litten by another’s torch.

      It seems like this may have made Launfal happy since he really doesn't get much regognition

    71. This lord, who was forgotten and misliked of the King, was named Launfal. He was beloved by many of the Court, because of his beauty and prowess, for he was a worthy knight, open of heart and heavy of hand

      hmm. I wonder why a king described like that was so unliked and forgotten.

  2. earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com earlybritishlit.pressbooks.com
    1. .

      I think the poet has done a terrific work in making use of romance and folklore elements to reshape the Underworld. However, Beowulf's heroism impresses me more than Orfeo's chivalry. It's still a joy to read because of its beautiful translation, preserving the rhyming couplets and alliterative lines of the original Middle English poem. I'd prefer if it kept the old English words to the minimum though.

    2. Folk long thought dead were by a spell Brought hither, and as living found: Some headless stood upon the ground, Some had no arms, and some were torn With dreadful wounds, and some lay bound Fast to the earth in hap forlorn.

      There are dead bodies in the fairy kingdom? It says that all who died were brought to the fairy kingdom. This makes me question if people get killed in the fairy kingdom? Or if the fairy kingdom is the place people go after they die?

    3. ” Alas ! alas ! ” he gan to cry, “Why will not death dispel my pain? Alas! alas! would I could die Now I have seen my love again. Alas, that I must live, who fain Would perish! for I dared not speak To her, nor she to me. Ah, vain Is life ; alas ! my heart will break ! ”

      Even though they did not speak to each other, the fact that he has seen her finally after ten years makes his suffering worth it.

    4. He sought for counsel: all were dumb, For none could proffer words of good.

      This part breaks my heart. It s as if nobody understands the pain he is going through by losing someone who he loves so deeply, all the advice he receives just seems "dumb".

    5. For aye with us in fairy land; And if thou failest, woe to thee, For thou shalt feel the fairies’ hand ! ‘

      Are the fairies scary beings? I still am not understanding why she hurt herself so badly during a dream about fairies. I'm also curious as to why she is chosen to go to fairy land.

    6. Queen Juno

      Juno was a goddess, according to classical myth, the wife of Jupiter.

    7. King Pluto

      According to classical myth, Pluto was god of the underworld.

    8. Then sudden with a cry she rose And burst in tears of wild despair, And wrung her hands, and showered blows Upon her breast, and tore her hair.

      The terror she is feeling is told through such simple language but it creates a gruesome image of a woman literally beating herself up and pulling out her hair. I think the simple language and vivid imagery is effective here since the story thus far has felt very whimsical and cheerful and now it takes a sudden turn and it does so in just a few words.

    9. More beautiful I never spied. He showed me castles, rivers wide, Towers, and vast forests, mead and plain.

      The imagery of the dream seems so beautiful. Why did she wake up so violently then?

    10. .

      So the steward passes the test, Orfeo makes his true identity known, and Orfeo and Heurodis are newly crowned.

    11. And wrung her hands, and showered blows Upon her breast, and tore her hair.

      The terror she is feeling is told through such simple language but it creates a gruesome image of a woman literally beating herself up and pulling out her hair. I think the simple language and vivid imagery is effective here since the story thus far has felt very whimsical and cheerful and now it takes a sudden turn and it does so in just a few words.

    12. jollity

      cheerful behavior

    13. fealty

      loyalty

    14. rue

      regret

    15. dost

      Dost is an old-fashioned second person singular form of the verb 'do'.

    16. corse

      an archaic word for corpse

    17. melody Sweeter than ever tongue can tell

      I like this description.

    18. Gleemen

      minstrels

    19. tabours

    20. bestow

      present; give

    21. Straightway

      Immediately

    22. befallen

      happened to

    23. minstrel-thrall

      servant-slave

    24. treachery

      Treachery is behaviour or an action in which someone betrays their country or betrays a person who trusts them.

    25. demesne

      land; domain

    26. lothly

      horrible

    27. Twere

      contraction of "it were"

    28. ye

      Ye is an old-fashioned, poetic, or religious word for you when you are talking to more than one person.

    29. quoth

      said

    30. durst

      a past tense of dare

    31. minstrel

      In medieval times, a minstrel was a singer and musician who travelled around and entertained noble families.

    32. tabernacle

    33. fain

      happy, well pleased

    34. garb

      clothing

    35. forlorn.

      to lose completely

    36. Parfay

      Be my faith

    37. gan

      gan = began?

    38. The harpers writ that men should praise The gallant deeds that were before Of such the Britons made their lays.   And that we all should featly hold In heart the mirth of elder days,

      We should all work to maintain the reputation and the positive influences of those who lived before us. It is told here as an unwritten rule of society that should come naturally out of simple respect for previous generations.

    39. wont

      accustomed

    40. daintily

      beautifully

    41. gaily

      showily with bright colors

    42. fray

      fight

    43. whence

      from where

    44. His harp that ever solaced him, He hid within a hollow tree; And when the day was clear and free He took it forth, and musing played, And when the gentle melody Was echoed far through gorse and glade,   The wildest creatures hidden there For very joy about him played, And all the birds from everywhere Came forth and heard; for all obeyed The witching music that he made, Such perfect melody it was; And when he ceased, they fled afraid And hid them, wild and timorous.

      So Orfeo is wandering in the wilderness of the woods, playing his harp to alleviate his grief. He hides in a hollow tree to play. His music is amplified throughout the woods and attracts the beasts and birds, which joyfully gather around him to listen. When his music stops, the beasts and birds are gone. Looks like his harp has some kind of magical power!

    45. solace

      to give comfort or cheer to (a person) in time of sorrow, distress, etc.

    46. tempests

      violent storms

    47. surcease

      ending

    48. Ere

      before

    49. dole

      a share of money or food or clothing that has been charitably given

    50. swooned

      fainted

    51. oft

      often

    52. sward

      an area covered with grass

    53. proffer

      offer

    54. Alas ! my life, Dearer than life, and must I thus Lose thee, my queen, my love, my wife?

      Oh this is sad...

    55. stout

      strong and brave

    56. Distraught

      extremely worried, nervous, or upset

    57. self-same

      identical

    58. to-morrow

      same as "tomorrow"?

    59. hither

      toward this place

    60. A steed. And so I rode away Upon a palfrey by his side. He brought me to his palace gay; More beautiful I never spied. He showed me castles, rivers wide, Towers, and vast forests, mead and plain. Again to horse, again we ride, And so he brought me home again

      This is kind of romantic!

    61. Alas!

      used to express unhappiness, pity, or concern

    62. aught

      meaning "anything whatever"

    63. hath

      the third person singular form of the present tense of "have"

    64. erst

      meaning "formerly" here?

    65. .

      I loved the language in this story. The poem form didn't take away from the story as I would think it might. It is much easier to conform a story to a poem than vice versa. The story itself is a bit sad though. I do have one question though: is the fairy king death? It would make sense, but I am not sure that it was meant to be this.

    66. afleth

      What's the meaning of "afleth"?

    67. cried in teen

      What does "cried in teen" mean?

    68. hasten

      to move or act quickly

    69. stolen out of life

      Quite the poetic way of saying "died"

    70. minstrel

      a medieval singer or musician, especially one who sang or recited lyric or heroic poetry to a musical accompaniment for the nobility.

    71. damsels

      young, unmarried women

    72. pages

      a boy in training for knighthood, ranking next below a squire in the personal service of a knight

    73. rout

      a large evening party or reception.

    74. And when the day was clear and free He took it forth, and musing played, And when the gentle melody Was echoed far through gorse and glade,

      This is showing that not all of his ten years were gloomy. There was his music and it played a gentle melody.

    75. palfrey

      a docile horse used for ordinary riding, especially by women

    76. erst

      long ago; formerly.

    77. rent

      v. tear (something) into two or more pieces

    78. And in the merry month of May When day is fraught with happy hours, When wintry storms have passed away, And every field is full of flowers,

      I am glad to see that the descriptions of the months and seasons have remained the same.

    79. Fairest of all fair ladies; Naught surpassed her gentleness, Full of love and courtesies; None can tell her loveliness.

      I am confused by these lines. The first three are praising Lady Heurodis, then the last is contradictory. At least it seems this way to me. Can anyone explain?

    80. plight

      unpleasant condition

    81. Then sudden with a cry she rose And burst in tears of wild despair, And wrung her hands, and showered blows Upon her breast, and tore her hair.

      a great twist of mood and vivid description of her pain

    82. squire

      a man of high social standing who owns and lives on an estate in a rural area

    83. frantic

      emotionally out of control

    84. repose

      a formal or literary term used to mean the act of resting, or the state of being at rest

    85. When wintry storms have passed away

      personification

    86. morn

      morning

    87. fraught

      filled with

    88. the merry month of May

      The Merry Month of May is a poem written by Thomas Dekker in 1599.

    89. Thrace

      Thrace is a geographical and historical region in Southeast Europe, now split between Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey.

    90. harp

      looks like harp is a prominent symbol in the poem

    91. In poverty to try thy door, To test thy faith and loyalty,

      Sir Orfeo was truly a loving man that would do anything for his queen. His love was tested but he did not give up and left everything behind. His faith kept him going in hopes that he would once get his queen back, which he finally did. This was a sweet love story

    92. lineage

      ancestry

    93. ” Lo, see the man ! his hair is sprent Like moss about his shaggy head;   ” His beard is fallen to his feet Like weathered ivy tumbling down ! ”

      Great imagery. Makes the king really look and sad. Also ironic that he is in his own castle looking like a beggar

    94. Ten years agone, by fairy spell;

      So now we finally can understand why the queen had left.

    95. Then take her by the hand and go. Joy have of her and never woe ! ”

      How can someone just give his queen away to someone else? But anyway this is interesting to see how Orfeo was able to pull this off.

    96. requite

      make appropriate return for (a favor, service, or wrongdoing)

    97. To hear the lay of Orfeo.

      It is so crazy to see that one who used to be king is now the one performing and singing for a king

    98. fairy lond.

      I think this probably is saying "fairy land"

    99. Sweet Heurodis, as one asleep Beneath a tree in grasses deep,

      I am actually really confused. Why is his wife sleeping and what exactly is going on?

    100. His beard, that once was black and trim, Was white, and lengthened to his knee;

      In this part of the story, the reader can now the character is now older and has aged. It has been 10 years since he had left, but this is a long time to be grieving. The changing of his beard and the color of his beard helps shows the timeline since he has left and how it has affected him.

    101. forlorn.

      pitifully sad and abandoned or lonely.

    102. In at a rock the ladies rode, And fearlessly he followed fast.

      Oh god, she left him again. I can only imagine how he must be feeling after this encounter and her acting so nonchalant.

    103. haps

      luck; fortune

    104. Alas! alas! would I could die Now I have seen my love again.

      So all of this time he had only been living in hopes of seeing her again?

    105. Dumb with a like astonishment, His stolen queen, sweet Heurodis.

      Oh my god! He found his wife after so long. I wonder why she's come and I wonder if they are going to be together again.

    106. One day he saw a galaxy Of ladies ride by his retreat;

      It is cool to see that he still manages to keep his music going and the aura he projects is still very king like

    107. writ

      a legal document from a law court

    108. Ah, who can tell the pain and woe This king endured ten years and more!

      Wow, it had been 10 years already since he had left. I thought that this would not last. But this is a long time to be grieving.

    109. gallant

      chivalrous

    110. Went like a beggar from them all. In poverty he left the town;

      The love for his wife is so strong that the loss of has caused him to give up everything

    111. desolate

      make (a place) bleakly and depressingly empty or bare

    112. Then woefully he rose, and sent For all his barons, earls, and lords

      I think he went back to the bed because this is where it all started, when the queen woke up out of her sleep. He must have figured out something

    113. When Orfeo had heard, he was Distraught, and moaned, ” Alas ! my life, Dearer than life, and must I thus Lose thee, my queen, my love, my wife?”

      It is so evident that he really loves her and doesn't want to lose her.

    114. palfrey

      a docile horse used for ordinary riding, especially by women.

    115. It was a precious jewel rare, And blazed as brightly as the sun

      Must be a diamond

    116. damsels

      a young unmarried woman.

    1. the whistling wind wailed

      Literary device: onomatopoeia

    2. He wore a gown of blue that reached to the ground.

      the color blue was associated with purity during this time... hmmm

    3. Then took she her leave and left him there, for more of that man she might not get.

      She finally took a hint that he's not going to succumb to anything other than what he has already given her. Let it go girl, let it go...

    4. sweet smiling softly they slip

      literary device: alliteration

    5. coif

      a woman's close-fitting cap

    6. froth foamed from his mouth foul at the corners, and he whet his white tusks. It was irksome

      "froth foamed from his mouth"- this boar is pissed off! They better watch out cause I'm scared for them

    7. travail

      painful or laborious effort.

    8. What! Are you ignorant, who garner all praise, or else do you deem me too dull to heed your dalliance? For shame! I come hither single and sit to learn of you some game; do teach me of your wit, while my lord is away.’

      could she not be any more thirsty and upfront jeez...

    9. wild swine

      another word for wild pig

    10. night when they met

      so each night they would exchange each others winnings. I feel it's only going to get worse from here for Gawain

    11. if you would tell me where you won this same prize by your own wits.’ ‘That was not pledged,’ quoth he, ‘ask me no more; for you have taken what’s due, none other to you I owe.’

      Woah was he asking Gawain where he got the kiss? and in reply tells him he doesn't owe him an explanation because that wasn't part of the deal...if so that was a close one!

    12. 53

      This part goes into grave detail of how they processed the meat from the hunt. Not sure why it goes into such depth but I'm assuming this hunt is a metaphor for something perhaps the affair and by giving us all this detail could symbolize the repercussions yet to come??

    1. Master Wace, the writer of this book, cannot add more to this matter of his end than was spoken by Merlin the prophet. Merlin said of Arthur—if I read aright—that his end should be hidden in doubtfulness.

      I think that this is saying how the author of thinks that Merlin was a prophet. I think that Master Wace's point of writing his book was to end of the thoughts of doubt and curiosity. I like how the author helps shoe the intent of the writing of the book and really shows why it was written.