10,000 Matching Annotations
  1. Aug 2025
    1. Use standard wording, spelling, punctuation, and capitalization. Do not use any of the abbreviated, casual text that is common in personal online communications and texting.

      I always try to double check my grammar in my writing

    2. You should be aware of your voice, audience, and message, and which appeal will work best (ethos, logos, pathos). Avoid fallacies and use solid evidence to back up your arguments.

      I always try my best to write in academic format and more clearly so that my professor can give me full credit for the long hours I put into my work. I think citation are very beneficial

    3. Emailing started small in the 1960s and became more widespread by the 1990s. Today the idea of going a day without emails is incomprehensible to many people, both professionally and personally.

      I use my email everyday for my school work I think that everyone uses there email at least once in there lives.

    1. to group your support effectively

      organize the team into smaller, specialized units focused on specific areas of support, create a shared knowledge base to ensure consistent and accurate information

    1. you deserve accurate and comprehensive information.

      I agree with this I would not like history to repeat itself and false information can cause so many future problems for our generation.

    1. he good news is that academics, librarians, and even the government are pushing for more open access to academic material.

      I believe this even my school pushes for open access to the library online and in person we even have tutoring that is held in the library.

    2. University of California system and one of the largest academic publishers,

      This is very interesting to me because i never would have thought california would have been the largest for academic publishers I thought it would have been a bigger univeroty maybe even Harvard or Yale.

    3. Students, even those in high school, enjoy information privileges that aren't afforded to the general public.

      I always valued our technology that we were able to use throughout the semester. I could never afford a computer on my own and highschool always provided me with useful technology.

    4. Our access to technology gives us advantages in accessing information that many around the world do not have

      This is very true because many countries to not have access to the internet or technology.

    5. only a privileged few have access to certain types of scholarly writings.

      I don't agree with this statement you can access scholarly readings on google, websites, articles with technology today you can access a lot of information.

    1. We’re all imperfect and fallible, and if we expect to be perfect communicators after studying this, then we’re setting ourselves up for failure. However, when I do mess up, I almost always make a mental note and reflect on it.

      Earlier in the chapter, I made an annotation on the point made that interpersonal communication is more goal-oriented than intrapersonal communication. However, I would like to challenge that thought. In every discipline of life, nobody is ever perfect. If we were all perfect, there would be no meaning to trying and striving forward. So, when we mess up, we set up goals for ourselves intrapersonally to help us grow in the areas we recognize we need growth. Thus, it can be noted that intrapersonal communication could very well be just as or more goal-oriented than interpersonal communication.

    1. In fact, prolonged isolation has been shown to severely damage a human

      Humans are relational beings. We are capable of feeling complex emotions like love, and we spend time with loved ones and friends to communicate such emotions with them. We have many aspects of our lives in which we depend upon communication and relationships to survive. When these relationships are stripped away from us, it can severely damage any communication skills we have acquired, not to mention the emotional struggle loneliness can put a person through.

    2. On page five I thought it was interesting that we as students can benefit from this class and learn things to use in our daily lives. There are so many benefits with being a better communicator. I have learned over time that you can communicate in different ways. It can be physical or oral or anything like that.

    3. Communication is very important to every one. It helps us to use our words or body language to communicate with each other. I love how this chapter so far is asking us as. a whole to notice the communication styles around us.

    1. Whether it’s the size of the room, the temperature, or other environmental factors, it’s important to consider the role that physical context plays in our communication.

      Physical context does indeed play a massive role in communication. I have gone through a handful of interviews, and I have had very diverse experiences. I have had an interview at a table in a crowded restaurant, one in a quiet enclosed room, but most recently, I had my first online interview. Online interviewing was a completely different ballpark from what I was used to. Not being able to see their physical self in front of me caught me off guard, and so did the slow internet speed with lag that followed it. The physical changes led to adaptations in my communication style that I was not prepared to make.

    2. Communication is a complex process, and it is difficult to determine where or with whom a communication encounter starts and ends. Models of communication simplify the process by providing a visual representation of the various aspects of a communication encounter.

      I find it so fascinating to read in detail about the different processes of communication. In my own life, it feels like such an ingrained ability and people communicate without seeming to have a second thought about it. I do not usually comprehend the scale with which communication has grown and changed over the centuries. Thinking back on the history of communication, shifting from the "talking era" to the "manuscript era" and comparing it to where we are now, with social media and global mass communication is a staggering thought.

    1. Interpersonal communication is also more goal oriented than intrapersonal communication and fulfills instrumental and relational needs.

      Earlier in the text, it mentioned how the ability to talk in humans had an evolutionary advantage, which is due to the goal-oriented nature of interpersonal communication. Communication can transform the goals of one individual into a united goal for many. One's intrapersonal goals and communication can only be shared with the individual. Interpersonal communication is the driving factor of society; without it, we may have never been able to create the society we have today.

    2. Some scholars speculate that humans’ first words were onomatopoetic. You may remember from your English classes that onomatopoeia refers to words that sound like that to which they refer—words like boing, drip, gurgle, swoosh, and whack.

      I think this draws a fairly interesting comparison to the evolution of communication today. For years, our conversation, vocabulary, and dialect have evolved far past anything our prehistoric ancestors could've imagined. But now, to communicate certain ideas, we use words like drip, cap, and fire to convey different ideas than the word suggests. Similar to the onomatopoetic nature of the first words spoken, we have shortened our language in areas and introduced new meanings to words already created to communicate how we best see fit.

    3. Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself using internal vocalization or reflective thinking.

      Intrapersonal communication (the way you talk to yourself in your mind) is a form of communication that I have always thought to be incredibly important. Ever sense I was a child, I have always had a "think before I do" mentality and it has carried through to adulthood. It has helped me in many situation to reason through problems in my head and avoid conflict and confusion with others. it also plays a huge role in how we see ourselves and the world around us. Learning to communicate with yourself kindly and productively, plays a key role in how we communicate to others.

    4. Public communication becomes mass communication when it is transmitted to many people through print or electronic media

      Mass communication, especially on the scale that we are witnessing it today, is such a double edged sword. The ability to project information into society rapidly and in easily accessible ways can be a great benefit, as is the case with amber alerts, which help to increase public vigilance on a large scale. A major drawback with mass communication as I see it, comes with people that have little regard for its ethical use. The ability to spread highly palatable and sometimes subtle information that can sway the way in which we think, act, and feel, perhaps without even being aware, means that society as a whole must be hyper aware of the media they are consuming.

    5. Print media such as newspapers and magazines continue to be an important channel for mass communication, although they have suffered much in the past decade due in part to the rise of electronic media.

      My dad has connections with the local newspaper from Star, and they print magazines now instead of only newspapers. Currently they continue to grow, which is interesting in this mostly digital world today. I find it interesting especially because of how you only really find newspapers in small town areas such as Star, and usually at the cafes. Newspapers have their niche places that you find them

    6. There are five forms of communication: intrapersonal, interpersonal, group, public, and mass communication. Intrapersonal communication is communication with oneself and occurs only inside our heads. Interpersonal communication is communication between people whose lives mutually influence one another and typically occurs in dyads, which means in pairs. Group communication occurs when three or more people communicate to achieve a shared goal. Public communication is sender focused and typically occurs when one person conveys information to an audience. Mass communication occurs when messages are sent to large audiences using print or electronic media.

      Essentially, Intrapersonal is thoughts withing your head/personal self Interpersonal communication is within friends/family/ to one person, Group communication is generally with multiple others than yourself, sometimes towards a shared goal Public communication is the X post, facebook post, or instagram pic you posted last week, Mass communication is used in situations like newspapers, PSAs, and school rallies

    7. Goal-oriented communication in interpersonal interactions usually relates to one person; for example, I may ask my friend to help me move this weekend.

      Goal-oriented communication could also happen intrapersonally, could it not? it is a form of group communication, but could be considered a form of intrapersonal communication due to the way that most people plan within their brains. For instance, I have a goal, so I plan, and work on that goal by myself, but use intrapersonal goal-oriented communication.

    8. I’m sure we have all had the experience of laughing aloud because we thought of something funny. We also communicate intrapersonally to pass time. I bet there is a lot of intrapersonal communication going on in waiting rooms all over the world right now.

      I'm curious if people who have been diagnosed have more intrapersonal communication than neurotypical people. Is it as significant as people who are neurotypical? Are there as many internal discussions? What if people who have ADHD have more significant questions?

    9. Just think about how a prehistoric human could have communicated a lot using these words and hand gestures. He or she could use gurgle to alert others to the presence of water or swoosh and whack to recount what happened on a hunt.

      This reminds me of how my father and one of his employees communicate. There is a language barrier between them, so most of the time when they work together he's using sound affects and grand gestures. It's quite funny to watch, so if he needs to talk about blending something, he generally uses the "SZHHZZZZ" (idk blender sounds) and twirling a finger to simulate the blender spinning. She does the same with him.

    1. Many discoveries have negative results or evidence that wasn't expected or wanted, but also great successes have been revealed. You can't expect one answer from science.

    2. Physics was not always a separate and distinct discipline. It remains connected to other sciences to this day. The word physicscomes from Greek, meaning nature. The study of nature came to be called “natural philosophy.” From ancient times through the Renaissance, natural philosophy encompassed many fields, including astronomy, biology, chemistry, physics, mathematics, and medicine.

      This piece of history I found really interesting, because I didn't make the connection between physics and studying the natural world. It might seem silly not to make this connection, but when I imagine studying physics, my mind goes to studying acceleration, how fast planets are moving, and understanding the laws of gravity. These are obviously connected to nature, but not in the way my mind would associate it to be. It is also intriguing that physics was originally called "natural philosophy," which, for some reason, is such a pleasant and poetic way to describe the type of science. It also has a personifying effect on nature itself, like nature is a being that has ideas and philosophies about how the world works and revolves. I will, from now on, think of physics as the study of nature's own philosophy.

    3. Their discovery is a very human endeavor, with all the elements of mystery, imagination, struggle, triumph, and disappointment inherent in any creative effort

      In this part of the text, it is very evident where and how philosophy plays a role in physics and how it came to be. We can see that this " human endeavor" is due to our curiosity in the way the world/ universe works. It is based off our observations and how we question. For example, questions like what is time? What is space? or do particles exist independently of observation? Are as much philosophical as they are physical.

    1. the dipole charges symbol is determined by the ends of a dipole molecule for example H2O has two hydrogens and one oxygen. oxygen is taking the electrons because of its higher electronegativity giving it a negative partial charge, and that leaves the two hydrogens with a positive end and those positive ends are attracted to the negative oxygen in other molecules.

    1. The same gravity that causes the stars of Andromeda to rotate and revolve also causes water to flow over hydroelectric dams here on Earth.

      The Andromeda Galaxy seems so out of reach and disconnected, but it is interesting to see how physics is the one thing that connects us all as a part of the universe and nature. We think that everything is so out of reach, and we sometimes get so caught up in our own world, but our world is connected to others in ways we can't even see. However, we know that through these forces it is all related. We are all connected.

    2. What is your first reaction when you hear the word “physics

      Weirdly enough, I always associate physics with much more physical (badum tss) reactions. In all reality, I think it stems solely from a vine that was popular before the death of the app that featured a high schooler showing her physics teacher shooting off what looked like a rocket in the classroom. That, followed by endless online compilations of teachers and professors showing a plethora of crazy things tends to give me a more exciting view of physics than what it actually is. There is a severe lack of Newton's cradles and electrical reactions, and instead, a lot more math and graphing. I understand that pulling the most interesting bits of a topic is what garners interest, but in alll my experience with physics, it more so feels like false advertising: like being told you're going to a waterpark and arriving to see a pitiful slip n' slide. I can't entirely say I'm sure what classifies as physics, as like I said before, my exposure has been so incredibly broad that it feels impossible to pinpoint the boxes that need to be checked for something to fall into that category. To make an overly long blog-post short, 'physics' makes me think of fun science-y stuff, but also leaves me both confused and disappointed by the reality of it.

    3. Through a study of physics, you may gain a greater understanding of the interconnectedness of everything we can see and know in this universe.

      I'm pretty sure Plato might say that physics gives us a glimpse of the shadows on the cave wall, the measurable patterns of motion, matter, and energy, but it also points us toward something deeper: the unchanging principles, or ‘Forms,’ that underlie the shifting physical world. In that sense, studying physics isn’t just about particles and forces; it’s about recognizing that everything is connected by a hidden order, a kind of mathematical harmony that reflects a greater reality beyond what we see. At least When I read this statement I felt as if the book hinted at something philosophical. but perhaps the book simply means "everything we can see and know" and not in a metaphysical or spiritual emotional "see and know."

    4. bject, you may soon come to realize that physics plays a much larger role in your life than you first thought, no matter your life goals or career choice.

      Trying hypothesis

    1. the ancient Greeks

      I never knew that the ancient Greeks were among the first to try to understand nature. It was also very interesting to find out that physics stemmed from the prior knowledge of astronomy and mechanics.

    1. My high school prepared me for college-level research (example: citing sources, plagiarism, finding & evaluating sources).

      I was always prepared to research any important topics and try and evaluate my sources with citing. Has anyone went to college without any knowledge of citing?

    1. The goal of this assignment is to get you to think more deeply about how we are consuming information.

      annotations help me remember what i just read and how my brain reacts to the information.

    1. Filter bubbles are outside forces that affect the information we take in. But, there's also a lot of stuff going on in our own brains that influences the way we take in and interpret information. This is called confirmation bias.

      I feel like this goes along with stereotypes about people that we tend to make up. We can even talk ourselves out of good ideas or plans because of conformational bias.

    1. Rehabilitation: The set of interventions undertaken to help a criminal with their criminal behavioral patterns.

      Recidivism: The recurrent crimes committed by the same individuals after release from prison.

    2. rehabilitation and recidivism.

      Rehabilitation: The set of interventions undertaken to help a criminal their criminal behavioral patterns. Recidivism: The recurrent crimes committed by the same individuals after release from prison.

    1. Communication

      As I said before art can be used to communicate with others. It can also help out or give a message someone else has one thought about saying or thinking. So it’s like it’s being used as a visual instead of actual words.

    1. Uncertainty is a quantitative measure of how much your measured values deviate from a standard or expected value. If your measurements are not very accurate or precise, then the uncertainty of your values will be very high.

      If every object that scientist measure has uncertainty how do they evaluate if it is "good enough" for a important decision on a experiment or project?

    1. Sleep is also influenced by ambient light. In addition to sending visual information to the thalamus, the ganglion cells in the retina send signals to a the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus, located below the thalamus. The suprachiasmatic nucleus is the body’s primary circadian “pacemaker” and contains cells that analyze the strength and duration of the light stimulus and send signals to the pineal gland when the ambient light level is low or its duration is short. In response, the pineal gland secretes melatonin, a powerful hormone that facilitates the onset of sleep.

      睡眠还受到环境光线的影响。除了向丘脑传递视觉信息外,视网膜中的神经节细胞还会向下丘脑的视交叉上核(位于丘脑下方)发送信号。视交叉上核是人体主要的昼夜节律"起搏器",其内部细胞能够分析光线刺激的强度与持续时间,当环境光线变暗或日照时间缩短时,就会向松果体发出信号。松果体随之分泌褪黑素——这种强效激素能有效促进睡眠发生。 thalamus:丘脑 ganglion cell:神经节细胞 hypo thalamus:下丘脑 Retina:视网膜 suprachiasmatic nucleus:视交叉上核 melatonin:褪黑素

    1. Abstract words (words that refer to ideas or concepts that are removed from material reality) like “peace,” “love,” “immoral,” “justice,” “freedom,” “success,” and “honor”

      not physical

    2. Speech writers should be careful not to presume that audience members share the same beliefs.

      i think of "beliefs" as opinons/thoughts that are unproven/debatable

    3. physiological noise, and this refers to bodily processes and states that interfere with a message. For instance, if a speaker has a headache or the flu, or if audience members are hot or they're hungry, these conditions may interfere with message accuracy.

      does not have to be a literal noise, these examples of biological discomforts (hence "physiological")

    1. Closing paragraph: In the last paragraph of the application letter, you can indicate how the prospective employer can get in touch with you and when are the best times for an interview. This is the place to urge that prospective employer to contact you to arrange an interview.

      The first and the last are most remembered. As someone who is currently looking for employment, I make it a point to leave all forms of contact so that I'm easily accessible to contact.

    2. If you are writing to apply for a job, begin with something like this: "I am writing to apply for the position you currently have open...."

      Did you know the first few sentences are what the reader notice and remember? straight to the point or why your contacting someone is vital to not be looked over.

    3. Deleting the salutation line altogether or inserting "To Whom It May Concern" in its place, is not ordinarily a good solution either--it's impersonal. The best solution is to make a quick, anonymous phone call to the organization and ask for a name; or address the salutation to a department name, committee name, or a position name: "Dear Personnel Department," "Dear Recruitment Committee," "Dear Chairperson,"

      I was a big user of "to whom it may concern" and found it actually is impersonal. Addressing a department or specific name is much respected and appreciated.

    4. When you do have the names of individuals, remember to address them appropriately: Mrs., Ms., Mr., Dr., and so on. If you are not sure what is correct for an individual, try to find out how that individual signs letters

      Now a days it is important to correctly address the intended party and to do proper research as to whom you are addressing. Resources such as LinkedIn, emails, or even contacting the office for that information, it matters.

    1. The form of argument can be shown by the use of symbols. For each argument form, there is a corresponding statement form, called a corresponding conditional, and an argument form is valid if and only if its corresponding conditional is a logical truth.

      Corresponding conditional

    2. his can be done by giving a counter example of the same form of argument with premises that are true under a given interpretation, but a conclusion that is false under that interpretation.

      counter argument

    3. The validity of an argument depends, however, not on the actual truth or falsity of its premises and conclusion, but solely on whether or not the argument has a valid logical form

      The validity of an argument is not based on the truth or falsity of the argument but that it follows the logical form

    4. Conversely, formal arguments are studied in formal logic (historically called symbolic logic, more commonly referred to as mathematical logic today) and are expressed in a formal language.

      Formal logic

    5. he general form of an argument in a natural language is that of premises (typically in the form of propositions, statements or sentences) in support of a claim: the conclusion.

      The general form of an argument

    6. You will be in greater conscious control of your own mind and thoughts. It will be harder for advertising, political propaganda, peer pressure, scams and confidence tricks, or other forms of psychological manipulation to affect you. When your actions or motives are questioned, you will be much better able to explain yourself effectively and persuasively. You will be able to understand difficult, complex, and challenging ideas a lot easier, and with a lot less anxiety. You will be able to understand things in a more comprehensive and complete way. You will be better able to identify the source of your problems, whether practical or personal, and better able to handle or solve those problems. You will feel much less frustrated or upset when you come across something that you do not understand. You will be better able to plan for the future, compete for better paying or more prestigious jobs, and to gather political power. You will find it easier to stand up to governments, employers, and other authorities when they act unjustly. Tragedies, bad fortune, stress, and other problems in life will be easier to deal with. You will find it easier to understand other people’s feelings and other people’s points of view, and you will be better able to help prevent those differences from becoming conflicts. You will get much more pleasure and enjoyment from the arts, music, poetry, science, and culture. You may even enjoy life more than you otherwise would.

      The ways in which grounding your beliefs in reason will make the quality of the your inner life better

    7. But if you have accepted your beliefs from these sources, and not done your own thinking about them, then they are not your beliefs, and you are not truly thinking your own thoughts.

      We get our thoughts from special influences in our life as we grow up, but once grown we need to begin thinking and believing for ourselves or they're not our own thoughts but someone else's.

    8. Normally, bad quality thinking happens when your mind has been ‘possessed’,

      Bad quality thinking happens when your mind has been "possessed." Or by other people and made to serve their purposes instead of their own.

    9. Philosophical questions are often very difficult questions, and they demand a lot of effort and consideration and time.

      Philosophical questions are often very difficult and demand a lot of effort, consideration, and time

    10. Thinking is a first-order phenomenological insight: it’s a bit like knowing what the colour ‘red’ looks like, or knowing the taste of an orange.

      Thinking is a first-order phenomenological insight

    11. Some may wish to draw a distinction between thinking and feeling, including sense perception, emotional experience, or even religious faith.

      A distinction between thinking and feeling

    1. But where was that mythical village and the rituals that made it sane? For example, a pregnant woman in Iran had a rotating menu of dishes made for her by friends and family.

      In Iran friends family and community help raise the baby while the mother is recovering from child birth but in the United States te mother recovering from child birth is expected to fend herself.

    1. eukaryotic

      an organism consisting of a cell or cells in which the genetic material is DNA in the form of chromosomes contained within a distinct (clearly noticeable or separate and different from else)nucleus. Eukaryotes include all living organisms other than the eubacteria and archaea.

    1. Haplosufficient means- Single, Enough. When a single copy of a particular allele of a gene is sufficient to express it's phenotype. example: Tt = Tall : This phenotype is equal to Tall because the single dominant allele is enough to express the phenotype.

      Haploinsufficient means - Single, Not enough. When a single copy of a particular allele of a gene is not enough to express its phenotype. example: Tt= tall. This phenotype is equal to Tall because your respective allele can not express itself.

    1. Some organizations have broadened their campaigns and collaborated with larger calls for police accountability, connecting issues of profiling Muslim communities with broader issues of racial profiling and policing in communities of color (CLEAR Project, 2013, p. 46).

      organizations

    2. Despite the request by some members of Congress that the Justice Department investigate the NYPD, John Brenna, President Barack Obama’s top counterterrorism adviser, stated that he was confident that the NYPD was acting lawfully and is keeping the city safe.

      John Brenna, President Barack Obama’s top counterterrorism adviser

    3. “it is clear that the surveillance program has, in fact, quelled political activism, quieted community spaces and strained interpersonal relationships….many American Muslim organizations and individuals hesitate to participate in protests, to lobby, and to speak out” (CLEAR Project, 2013, p. 20).

      community impacts

    4. In 2001, the New York City Police Department (NYPD) established a secret surveillance program called Demographics Unit, targeting Muslim communities within the city and in surrounding states.

      Demographics Unit (NYPD)

    5. The general public also called FBI tip hotlines which were mostly based on “fear, ignorance, and hearsay,” the callers attributing “suspicious activities” to “Arab men”

      fear, ignorance, and hearsay

    6. The Office of the Inspector General’s (OIG) report found that guards at the Metropolitan Detention Center in Brooklyn, New York had lost relatives and friends on 9/11 and “harbored anger and vengeance toward the detainees” (p. 9) perhaps explaining why so many arrests were concentrated in New York.

      anger and vengeance

    7. 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon ultimately “provided the catalyst for rounding up and deporting over 1,000 Muslims in the three months after 9/11”

      3mo after 9/11

    1. omic

      aim to characterize and quantify entire sets of biological molecules to understand the structure, function, and dynamics of an organism or group of organisms

  2. Jul 2025
    1. An operation is linear if it behaves "nicely" with respect to multiplication by a constant and addition. The name comes from the equation of a line through the origin, f(x)=mxf(x)=mxf(x)=mx, and the following two properties of this equation. First, f(cx)=m(cx)=c(mx)=cf(x)f(cx)=m(cx)=c(mx)=cf(x)f(cx)=m(cx)=c(mx)=cf(x), so the constant ccc can be "moved outside" or "moved through" the function fff. Second, f(x+y)=m(x+y)=mx+my=f(x)+f(y)f(x+y)=m(x+y)=mx+my=f(x)+f(y)f(x+y)=m(x+y)=mx+my= f(x)+f(y), so the addition symbol likewise can be moved through the function

      A nice way to describe linear functions.