eLife assessment

This study provides valuable insights by demonstrating that BYL719 is a promising therapeutic agent for the treatment of heterotopic ossification (HO), with inhibition of PI3Ka via BYL719 appearing to be a critical factor. However, the results of the study are incomplete because BYL719 affects multiple intracellular signaling pathways beyond PI3Ka, and it thus remains uncertain whether BYL719 attenuates HO exclusively through suppression of the PI3Ka pathway or through modulation of alternative signaling pathways. A detailed elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of action of BYL719 is essential for a thorough understanding of its effects.

eLife assessment

This study presents the cryo-EM structures of two human biotin-dependent mitochondria carboxylases involved in various biological pathways, including the metabolism of certain amino acids, cholesterol, and odd chain fatty acids. The cryo-EM structures offer a valuable addition to the structural description of biotin-dependent carboxylases and provide solid evidence to support the major conclusions of this study. This paper would be of interest to biochemists and structural biologists working on biotin-dependent carboxylases.

eLife assessment

This study presents an important contribution to cardiac arrhythmia research by demonstrating long noncoding RNA Dachshund homolog 1 (lncDACH1) tunes sodium channel functional expression and affects cardiac action potential conduction and rhythms. The evidence supporting the major claims are convincing. The work will be of broad interest to cell biologists and cardiac electrophysiologists.

eLife assessment

This important study provides a new perspective on how human immunity shapes the antigenic evolution of pathogens. By combining theory and simulation the authors make a solid case for the importance of eco-evolutionary interactions in population-level virus-host dynamics, which arise due to coupling between the dynamics of immune memories and viral variants. Although the work does not propose improved data-driven viral forecasting methods, it makes a conceptual contribution that advances the field's understanding of this problem's intrinsic difficulty.

eLife assessment

This study reports on the in vivo dynamics of insulin-producing cells (IPCs) in Drosophila. IPC activity is shown to be modulated by the nutritional state and age of the animal, with convincing evidence for an incretin-like effect. These important findings establish IPCs in Drosophila as a system to study circuits governing behaviors related to the internal state in competition with the feeding state, and will be of interest to both neuroscientists and cell biologists.

eLife assessment

This study reports valuable insights into the interactome of the RNA-binding protein SERBP1 and possible links through PARylation to a diverse set of processes including splicing, cell division, and ribosome biogenesis. The diversity of processes SERBP1 may regulate means this work would be of very broad interest to the cell biology community. However, whereas the proteomics data are solid, the functional connection to downstream processes and the link to Alzheimer's disease are still incomplete, as they rely on a very limited set of experiments and patient samples.

eLife assessment

This important paper addresses the role of fluid flows in nutrient uptake by microorganisms propelled by the action of cilia or flagella. Using a range of mathematical models for the flows created by such appendages, the authors provide convincing evidence that the two strategies of swimming and sessile motion can be competitive. These results will have significant implications for our understanding of the evolution of multicellularity in its various forms.

Editors Assessment:

This paper presents a new tool to make using PhysiCell easier, which is an open-source, physics-based multicellular simulation framework with a very wide user base. PhysiCell Studio is a graphical tool that makes it easier to build, run, and visualize PhysiCell models. Over time, it has evolved from being a GUI to include many additional functionalities, and can be used as desktop and cloud versions. This paper outlines the many features and functions, the design and development process behind it, and deployment instructions. Peer review improved the organisation of the various repositories and adding both a requirements.txt and environment.yml files. Looking to the future the developers are planning to add new features based on community feedback and contributions, and this paper presents the many code repositories if readers wish to contribute to the development process.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

Editors Assessment:

Many studies have explored the genetic determinants of COVID-19 severity, these GWAS studies using microarrays or expensive whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Low-coverage WGS data can be imputed using reference panels to enhance resolution and statistical power while maintaining much lower costs, but imputation accuracy is difficult to balance. This work demonstrates how to address these challenges utilising the GLIMPSE1 algorithm, a less resource-intensive tool that produces more accurate imputed data than its predecessors. Generating a dataset containing 79 imputed low-coverage WGS samples from patients with severe COVID-19 symptoms during the initial wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in Spain. The validation of this imputation and filtering process shows that GLIMPSE1 can be confidently used to impute variants with minor allele frequency up to approximately 2%. After peer review the authors clarified and provided more validation and statistics and figures to help convince this approach was valid. This work showcasing the viability of using low-coverage WGS imputation to generate data for the study of disease-related genetic markers, alongside a validation methodology to ensure the accuracy of the data produced. Helping inspire confidence and encouraging others to deploy similar approaches to other infectious diseases, genetic disorders, or population-based genetic studies. Particularly in large-scale genomic projects and resource-limited settings where sequencing at higher coverage could prove to be prohibitively expensive.

This evaluation refers to version 1 of the preprint

eLife assessment

In this study, Tutak and colleagues set out to identify factors that mediate Repeat Associated Non-AUG (RAN) translation of CGG repeats in the FMR1 mRNA which are implicated in toxic protein accumulation that underpins ensuing neurological pathologies. This is a useful article that suggests that RPS26 may be implicated in mediating the RAN translation of FMR1 mRNA. However, the evidence supporting the proposed mechanism is incomplete, since the provided data only partially support the authors' conclusion.

eLife assessment

This fundamental work has completed our understanding of the singular binding profile of the Rhino HP1 protein to chromatin, a key step in converting certain genomic regions into piRNA source loci. The evidence supporting the conclusions is compelling. Phylogenetic analyses, structure prediction, rigorous biochemical assays and in vivo genetics emphasize the importance of the Rhino chromodomain in the recognition of both a histone mark and a DNA-binding protein, and highlight the importance of a single chromodomain residue in the protein-protein interaction.

eLife assessment

Schafer et al. investigate the extremely interesting and important claim that the human hippocampus represents the interactions with multiple social interaction partners on two relatively abstract social dimensions – and that this ability correlates with the social network size of the participant. This research potentially demonstrates the intricate role of the hippocampus in navigating our social world. While some results are tantalizing, the empirical evidence for the main claims is currently incomplete and requires clarifications and substantial revisions.

eLife assessment

This useful study reports the behavioural and physiological effects of the longitudinal activation of neurons associated with negative experiences. The main claims of the paper are supported by solid experimental evidence, although the specificity of the long-term manipulation could have benefitted from additional validation. This study will be of interest to neuroscientists working on memory.

eLife assessment

This fundamental work proposes a novel mechanism for memory consolidation where short-term memory provides a gating signal for memories to be consolidated into long-term storage. The work combines extensive analytical and numerical work applied to three different scenarios and provides a convincing analysis of the benefits of the proposed model, although some of the analyses are limited to the type of memory consolidation the authors consider (and don't consider), which limits the impact. The work will be of interest to neuroscientists and many other researchers interested in the mechanistic underpinnings of memory.

eLife assessment

This valuable manuscript delineates the role of YAP/TAZ-dependent transcriptional suppression in a mechanodransductive feedback loop. The evidence presented in the manuscript is generally solid. However, compared to an earlier version, some concerns remain. In particular, the in vivo validation should be strengthened, and the in vitro and in vivo models used in this work should be carefully compared in order to improve the main message of the manuscript.

eLife assessment

This work explores the role of one the most abundant circRNAs, circHIPK3, in bladder cancer cells, showing with convincing data that circHIPK3 depletion affects thousands of genes and that those downregulated (including STAT3) share an 11-mer motif with circHIPK3, corresponding to a binding site for IGF2BP2. The experiments demonstrate that circHIPK3 can compete with the downregulated mRNAs targets for IGF2BP2 binding and that IGF2BP2 depletion antagonizes the effect of circHIPK3 depletion by upregulating the genes containing the 11-mer. These important findings contribute to the growing recognition of the complexity of cancer signaling regulation and highlight the intricate interplay between circRNAs and protein-coding genes in tumorigenesis.

eLife assessment

This work is an important contribution to the development of a biologically plausible theory of statistical modeling of spiking activity. The authors convincingly implemented the statistical inference of input likelihood in a simple neural circuit, demonstrating the relationship between synaptic homeostasis, neural representations, and computational accuracy. This work will be of interest to neuroscientists, both theoretical and experimental, who are exploring how statistical computation is implemented in neural networks. There are questions about the performance of the methods in the case where other biologically significant parameters, such as firing rate and thresholds, are optimized together with the synaptic weights.

eLife assessment

This study provides valuable new insights into how multisensory information is processed in the lateral cortex of the inferior colliculus, a poorly understood part of the auditory midbrain. By developing new imaging techniques that provide the first optical access to the lateral cortex in a living animal, the authors provide convincing in vivo evidence that this region contains separate subregions that can be distinguished by their sensory inputs and neurochemical profiles, as suggested by previous anatomical and in vitro studies. This work provides a foundation for future research exploring how this part of the auditory midbrain contributes to multisensory-based behavior.

eLife assessment

The study presents a valuable tool for searching molecular dynamics simulation data, making such datasets accessible for open science. The authors provide convincing evidence that it is possible to identify noteworthy molecular dynamics simulation datasets and that their analysis can produce information of value to the community.

eLife assessment

The authors make the intriguing proposal that the NuRD complex in C. elegans, which has been linked to regulation of the cell death protein EGL-1 before, becomes asymmetrically distributed after cell division and that this asymmetry relies on V-ATPase activity. Whereas some disagreement remained between the reviewers' and the authors' interpretation, the final version incorporated alternative possibilities in the text, and with careful interpretation, the current manuscript's model is supported by solid data, and represents a valuable contribution to the field.

eLife assessment

The authors propose that the asymmetric segregation of the NuRD complex in C. elegans is regulated in a V-ATPase-dependent manner, that this plays a crucial role in determining the differential expression of the apoptosis activator egl-1, and that it is therefore critical for the life/death fate decision in this species. If proven, the proposed model of the V-ATPase-NuRD-EGL-1-Apoptosis cascade would shed light onto the mechanisms underlying the regulation of apoptosis fate during asymmetric cell division, and stimulate further investigation into the intricate interplay between V-ATPase, NuRD, and epigenetic modifications. However, the strength of evidence for this is currently incomplete.

eLife assessment

The manuscript describes a careful, quantitative analysis of Myosin 10 molecules in U2OS cells, a widely used model for studying filopodia, and how many are present in the cytosol versus filopodia. This important study provides key parameters that are required for building a biophysical model of filopodia which is required to gain a complete understanding of these major actin-based structures. The evidence for the conclusions is compelling, but there are also certain areas of the manuscript that require clarification.

eLife assessment

Chang et al. have investigated the catalytic mechanism of I-PpoI nuclease, a one-metal-ion dependent nuclease, by time-resolved X-ray crystallography using soaking of crystals with metal ions under different pH conditions. This convincing study revealed that I-PpoI catalyzes the reaction process through a single divalent cation. The study uncovers important details of the roles of the metal ion and the active site histidine in catalysis.

eLife assessment

This interesting and important study follows up on the authors' observations that lower glucose parental nutrition leads to lower rates of sepsis from Staphylococcus epidermis in a preterm pig model. Sepsis in early life, particularly in premature infants, has significant morbidity and mortality and the authors present convincing evidence that glycemic state affects hepatic metabolism-dependent immune function and improved clearance of coagulase-negative staphylococcal infection. The authors provide a robust multi-omic dataset for the use of the scientific community. However, there are also several concerns that will limit the impact of the work, including that the model does not reflect early onset sepsis that is observed in premature infants, and the question of whether low glucose parental nutrition (PN) is protective versus high glucose PN is harmful as the levels of glucose in the high PN were incredibly high.

eLife assessment

This study provides an important advance in the molecular understanding of the lipopolysaccharide export mechanism and machinery in bacteria. By using advanced spectroscopy approaches, the experiments provide solid biophysical support for the dynamic behavior of the multisubunit Lpt transport system. This work has implications for understanding bacterial cell envelope biogenesis and may contribute to the development of drugs that target Gram-negative pathogens.

eLife assessment

The study presents a valuable finding in advancing our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that regulate the switching of the migration mode from parallel to radial in cerebellar granule cell development. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid and supports the main conclusion; the highlight was the imaging system's visualization of the cell-recognition event associated with neuronal migration, which established a new standard for the field. This study would be of interest to cell biologists and neurodevelopmental biologists working on cell-cell interaction and neuronal migration.

eLife assessment

Wittkamp et al. investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of expectation of pain using an original fMRI-EEG approach. The methods are solid and the evidence for a substantially different neural representation between the anticipatory and the actual pain period is convincing. These important findings would benefit from a general framework to encompass their research questions, hypotheses, and interpretation of results. Furthermore, a more in-depth discussion about the choice of conditions would be desirable, specifically whether the definitions of nocebo and placebo in the study are comparable with traditional paradigms, and whether the control condition can be considered as a situation with no expectation or no prediction.

eLife assessment

This interesting study explores whether tumor cells can manipulate their Hydra hosts and has useful findings on the consequences for the fitness of the host Hydra.<br /> However, the evidence supporting these findings was incomplete, would benefit from the addition of several control experiments. The work will be of broad interest to many fields including development biology, evolutionary biology and tumor biology.

eLife assessment

This study introduces the MRAD database, which provides a useful tool for evaluating risk and protective factors for Alzheimer's disease through Mendelian randomization analysis. While the findings are supported by solid evidence, the study's value could be enhanced by addressing methodological concerns and ensuring rigorous validation of significant associations. The MRAD database has the potential to aid researchers and clinicians, but the current analysis appears incomplete without these refinements.

eLife assessment

This is an important and timely study that advances our understanding of the role of lateral hypothalamic orexin/hypocretin neurons in appetitive approach and consummatory behaviors. Specifically, using fiber photometry, the authors provide solid and convincing evidence that orexin neurons are primarily active during approach and not consummatory behavior, in a manner that is dependent on metabolic state. Further, using optogenetics and cell type-specific electrophysiology, they show that inputs from the ventral pallidum and lateral nucleus accumbens shell to orexin/hypocretin neurons in the lateral hypothalamus are predominantly inhibitory.

eLife assessment

This important work significantly advances the field of computational modelling of genome organisation through the development of OpenNucleome. The evidence supporting the tool's effectiveness is compelling, as the authors compare their predictions with experimental data. It is anticipated that OpenNucleome will attract significant interest from the biophysics and genomics communities.

eLife assessment

This important work provides another layer of regulatory mechanism for TGF-beta signaling activity. The evidence supports the involvement of microtubules as a reservoir of Smad2/3, however, additional evidence to convincingly demonstrate the functional involvement of Rudhira in this process is highly appreciated. The work will be of broad interest to developmental biologists in general and molecular biologists in the field of growth factor signaling.

eLife assessment

This important study provides new insight into the dynamics that underlie the development of therapy resistance in prostate cancer by revealing that divergent tumor evolutionary paths occur in response to different treatment timing and that these converge on common resistance mechanisms. The use of barcoded lineage tracing and characterization of isolated tumor clonal populations provides compelling evidence supporting the importance of clonal dynamics in a tumor ecosystem for treatment resistance. Several open questions remain, however, raising the possibility of alternative interpretations of the data set in its current form. Overall, the findings deepen our understanding of prostate cancer evolution and hold promising implications for how drug resistance can be addressed or prevented.

eLife assessment

This valuable study demonstrates that genomic insertion of a G4-containing sequence can be sufficient to induce chromosome loops and alter gene expression. The evidence supporting the conclusions is convincing. Effects were shown by Hi-C as well as qPCR for chromatin modifications and expression, and the specificity of the effects was controlled by mutating the G4-containing sequence or treating with LNA probes to abolish G4 structure formation. The work will be of interest to researchers working on chromatin organization and gene regulation.

eLife assessment

This important study addresses the idea that defective lysosomal clearance might be causal to renal dysfunction in cystinosis. They observe that restoring expression of vATPase subunits and treatment with Astaxanthin ameliorate mitochondrial function in a model of renal epithelial cells, opening opportunities for translational application to humans. The data are convincing, but the description of methodologies is incomplete.

eLife assessment

This study provides valuable findings that improve our understanding of the evolutionary conservation of the role of DDX6 in mRNA decay. The evidence supporting the authors' conclusions is convincing. This work will be of interest to molecular, cell biologists and biochemists, especially those studying RNA.

eLife assessment

This study presents a useful description of RNA in extracellular vesicles (EV-RNAs) and highlights the potential to develop biomarkers for the early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and precancerous adenoma (AA). The data were analysed using overall solid methodology and would benefit from further validation of predicted lncRNAs and biomarker validation at each stage of CRC/AA to evaluate the potential application to early detection of CRC and AA.

eLife assessment

In this study, Ger and colleagues present a valuable new technique that uses recurrent neural networks to distinguish between model misspecification and behavioral stochasticity when interpreting cognitive-behavioral model fits. Simulations provide solid evidence for the validity of this technique and broadly support the claims of the paper, although more work is needed to understand its applicability to real behavioral experiments. This technique addresses a long-standing problem that is likely to be of interest to researchers pushing the limits of cognitive computational modeling.

eLife assessment

This useful study aimed to examine the relationship of spatial frequency selectivity of single macaque inferotemporal (IT) neurons to category selectivity. There are some interesting findings in this report but some of these findings were difficult to evaluate because several critical details of the analysis are incomplete. The conclusion that single-unit spatial frequency selectivity can predict object coding needs further evidence to confirm.

eLife assessment

These are important findings that support a link between low-dimensional brain network organisation, patterns of ongoing thought, and trait-level personality factors, making it relevant for researchers in the field of spontaneous cognition, personality, and neuropsychiatry. While this link is not entirely new, the paper brings to bear a rich dataset and a well-conducted study, to approach this question in a novel way. The evidence in support of the findings is convincing.

eLife assessment

This is a fundamental study examining the role of prediction error in state allocation of memories. The data provided are convincing and largely support the conclusion that a gradual change between acquisition and extinction maintains the memory state of acquisition and thus results in extinction that is resistant to restoration. This paper is of interest to behavioural and neuroscience researchers studying learning, memory, and the neural mechanisms of those processes as well as to clinicians using extinction-based therapies in treating anxiety-based disorders

eLife assessment

This study presents valuable findings as it shows that sleep rhythm formation and memory capabilities depend on a balanced and rich diet in fly larvae. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is convincing with rigorous behavioral assays and state-of-the-art genetic manipulations. The work will be of interest to researchers working on sleep and memory.

eLife assessment

This important study provides new insights into the maturation of ribbon synapses in zebrafish neuromast hair cells. Convincing evidence, based on live-cell imaging and pharmacological and genetic manipulations, is provided to show that the formation of this synaptic organelle is a dynamic process involving the fusion of presynaptic elements and microtubule transport. These findings will be of interest to neuroscientists studying synapse formation and function and should inspire further research into the molecular basis for synaptic ribbon maturation.

eLife assessment

Using electrophysiological recordings in freely moving rats, this valuable study investigates the role of different gamma frequency bands in the development of spatial representations in the hippocampus. However, the evidence is incomplete as the methods and data analysis need significant improvement. Critically, alternative interpretations and analyses must be provided, especially regarding the nature of gamma oscillations in the hippocampus and their interaction with neuronal firing dynamics and theta sequence features. This study will be of interest to neuroscientists working in the field of spatial navigation and neuronal dynamics.

eLife assessment

The study by Pudlowski et al. shows that a protein complex composed of delta- and epsilon-tubulin together with TEDC1 and TEDC2, which was previously identified, functions in generating centriolar triplet microtubules, and that this is crucial for the proper formation of centriolar subdomains and the stability of centrioles throughout the cell cycle. The findings are valuable for a better understanding of centriole biogenesis and structure and are largely supported by solid evidence based on knockout cell lines, immunoprecipitation, and ultrastructure expansion microscopy. The work is of interest to cell biologists, in particular researchers with interest in centrosome biology.

eLife assessment

This useful study explores the relationship between the sequence of prokaryotic promoter elements and their activity using mutagenesis to generate thousands of mutant sequences. The evidence supporting these findings is incomplete, and would benefit from additional experiments, clarification of methods, and a more detailed discussion of related literature. This work will appeal to those interested in bacterial genetics, genome evolution, and gene regulation.

eLife assessment

This useful work provides a risk-prediction tool, in the form of a nomogram, for practitioners and elderly patients with non-metastatic colon cancer using data from the SEER registry. The unique contribution of this work is the focus on conditional survival. However, the underlying statistical approach is suboptimal and therefore incomplete, which substantially lessens the potential impact of this work. The analysis could use a more rigorous consideration of competing risks.

eLife assessment

The work is important and of potential value to areas other than the bone field because it supports a role and mechanism for beta-catenin that is novel and unusual. The findings are significant in that they support the presence of another anabolic pathway in bone that can be productively targeted for therapeutic goals. The data for the most part are convincing. The work could be strengthened by better characterizing the osteoclast KO of Malat1 related to the Lys cre model and by including biochemical markers of bone turnover from the mice.

eLife assessment

In this valuable study, Gue, Hue et al. describe how two poorly understood rhabdomyosarcoma fusion-oncogenes, VGLL2::NCOA2 and TEAD1::NCOA2, function at the genomic, transcriptional, and proteomic levels in multiple systems. They generated solid data that support that these fusion-oncogenes leverage TEAD transcriptional signatures, in a mechanism that is independent of YAP/TAZ, and that this activity potentially contributes to tumorigenesis. This work offers new mechanistic insights into oncogenic gene fusion events identified in cancer patients and reveals potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of rhabdomyosarcomas.

eLife assessment

Approaches for quantifying synaptic activity events are currently limited, and recent advances in AI and deep learning provide an opportunity to develop powerful new ways to automate this process. In this study, the authors have generated a valuable tool, miniML, that uses open-source software that convincingly enables rapid, automated, and accurate quantification of synaptic events from a variety of systems and approaches. This software will be of significant utility to a variety of neuroscience researchers.

eLife assessment

This study provides a novel and promising NPRL2 gene therapy for enhanced immunotherapy response in a KRAS/STK11 mutant anti-PD1 resistant metastatic NSCLC humanized mouse model. Overall, the authors presented a large amount of convincing in vivo data to demonstrate that NPRL2 gene therapy induces antitumor activity through DC-mediated antigen presentation and cytotoxic immune cell activation. This work will be of interest and useful to medical biologists and oncologists in the research field of KRAS-mutant NSCLC.

eLife assessment

This work proposes that positive biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships found in experiments have been exaggerated because commonly used statistical analyses are flawed. As an alternative, the authors suggest a new analysis based on species competitive responses. Unfortunately, the presented methods are not reproducibly described, not yet complete, and inadequate for hypothesis testing. The reviewers agreed that the authors have either misinterpreted or chosen not to take into account much of the current research literature in the field of plant competition and biodiversity research.

eLife assessment

This valuable manuscript describes evidence of sex differences in specific corticostriatal projections during alcohol consumption, and this is noteworthy given the increasing rates/levels of drinking in females and the liability for Alcohol Use disorder. They provide solid evidence of the lateralisation of the activity of the circuit, but other evidence is incomplete, particularly with regard to its description of the drinking measure and how this relates to intoxication. The analyses of the histology data are not complete, and there are further inconsistencies that make it difficult to reconcile the photometry and behavioral data. The findings will be of partial interest to researchers investigating functional circuitry underlying alcohol-driven behaviors.

eLife assessment

Here the authors present a useful extension of their previous method to cluster neuronal activity into cell assemblies (groups of neurons with correlated activity). The authors provide solid evidence that this method can identify temporal dynamics of neuronal clusters in sample simulated data, and they show how this method can be applied to whole-brain zebrafish data.

eLife assessment

The paper characterized a specific defect in the spatial working memory of mice with a deficit in a protein called Rac1. Rac1 inhibition was limited to the presynaptic compartment of neurons, which is significant because past work has inhibited both pre- and postsynaptic compartments. The study also identified potential effectors of Rac1. The work is important for these reasons, and the strength of the evidence is exceptional.

eLife assessment

This study provides important information about the formation of ribbon synapses in mouse cochlear hair cells, which facilitate the temporally-precise transmission of acoustic information to the auditory nerve. Live-cell imaging provides compelling evidence that ribbon precursor volume is dynamically modified by fission and fusion events on microtubules, but some of the other evidence included, particularly in relation to the directed transport of these precursors to the hair cell active zone is incomplete. These findings will be of interest to neuroscientists studying synapse formation and function and should inspire further research into the molecular basis for synaptic ribbon maturation.

eLife assessment

This valuable study investigates the brain representations of Braille letters in blind participants and provides convincing evidence using EEG and fMRI that the decoding of letter identity across the reading hand takes place in the visual cortex. The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is solid, although the inclusion of a sighted control group and additional analyses would have strengthened the study. The work will be of interest to neuroscientists working on brain plasticity.

eLife assessment

This valuable study uses recently developed EEG analysis methods to investigate spatial distractor suppression in a combined visual search/working memory task. While the reported results are convincing, the combined task design leaves open alternative interpretations than those currently discussed in the manuscript, potentially limiting the generalisability of the findings to other task settings. The study will be of interest to cognitive neuroscientists and psychologists working on visual attention and memory.

eLife assessment

This important work uses in vivo foveal cone-resolved imaging and simultaneous microscopic photostimulation to investigate the relationship between ocular drift - eye movements long thought to be random - and visual acuity. The surprising result is that ocular drift is systematic - causing the object to move to the center of the cone mosaic over the course of each perceptual trial. The tools used to reach this conclusion are state-of-the-art and the evidence presented is convincing. This work advances our understanding of the visuomotor system and the interplay of anatomy, oculomotor behavior, and visual acuity.

eLife assessment

This manuscript aims to unravel the contribution of cholesterol to aquaporin-0 (AQP0) tetramer array formation within lens membranes. Compelling electron crystallography data are combined with solid molecular dynamics experiments to identify a specific cholesterol binding site of significance to protein clustering within lipid rafts. The important work advances our understanding of membrane biology and will be of broad interest to membrane transport biologists, biochemists, and structural biologists.

eLife assessment

This manuscript describes a deep mutational scanning study of the kinase domain of the MET receptor tyrosine kinase. The study yields an important catalog of essentially all possible deleterious mutations in this portion of the receptor., with convincing evidence. The manuscript will be of interest to researchers working in the field of receptor tyrosine kinases.

eLife assessment

This valuable study uses single-cell transcriptomics to explore the mouse vomeronasal organ and represents an advance that enhances our understanding of neural diversity within this sensory system. Findings suggest a unique endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure in Gnao1 neurons and allow for the synthesis of a developmental trajectory from stem cells to mature vomeronasal sensory neurons. Convincing methods, data, and analyses broadly support the claims, although experiments supporting the main ER-related claim require additional quantification of co-expression and statistics on labeling intensity or coverage. Adding these data would greatly strengthen the conclusions of the paper.

eLife assessment

This study compiles a wide range of results on the connectivity, stimulus selectivity, and potential role of the claustrum in sensory behavior. While most of the connectivity results confirm earlier studies, this valuable work provides incomplete evidence that the claustrum responds to multimodal stimuli and that local connectivity is reduced across cells that have similar long-range connectivity. The conclusions drawn from the behavioral results are weakened by the animals' poor performance on the designed task.This study has the potential to be of interest to neuroscientists.

eLife assessment

This valuable study uses dynamic metabolic models to compare perturbation responses in a bacterial system, analyzing whether they return to their steady state or amplify beyond the initial perturbation. The evidence supporting the emergent properties of perturbed metabolic systems to network topology and sensitivity to specific metabolites is compelling. However, the mathematical explanation of the perturbation response is incomplete, and a more comprehensive metabolic and biosynthesis model would be beneficial.

eLife assessment

This important work offers a thorough exploration of the molecular features of different cell types within the mouse vomeronasal organ, including the expression of chemosensory receptors, using single-cell transcriptomics. The data are thoughtfully analyzed and presented, although the evidence is incomplete and only partially supports some of the claims made by the authors.

eLife assessment

This important study demonstrates a novel method for imaging glutamate receptors in situ via cryo-ET. The use of cutting-edge methods is well-described and is convincing, but there are minor concerns as to how generally this approach can be used in imaging cell surface receptors. This paper is broadly relevant to biophysicists and neuroscientists.

eLife assessment

This study provides the first analysis of vascular stabilization on the critical and evolutionarily conserved structure around the Circle of Willis in the brain, strengthened by using parallel in vivo and in vitro experimental approaches. The evidence supporting the claims is solid and the work will be valuable for scientists studying developmental and disease-related vascular stabilization.

eLife assessment

This important study demonstrates that combining AlphaFold2 with the author's sampling method AF2-RAVE improves protein-ligand docking for three protein kinases and their inhibitors. The evidence is compelling but would benefit from a more complete description of the methodology and a clear assessment of the method's range of applicability. The work will be of interest to researchers who work on computer-aided drug design.

eLife assessment

The mechanisms that ensure accurate chromosome segregation are key for genome integrity and defects therein can cause human disease. Although the involvement of MAP kinases in modulating mitosis is known, this manuscript makes a valuable contribution by going to some lengths to reveal links between Spindle Assembly Checkpoint dynamics and stress-responsive MAP-kinase pathways. The strength of the evidence is solid but there are minor weaknesses, which need to be addressed.

eLife assessment

The study is noteworthy for its effort to achieve a deeper understanding of PTH-1 Receptor signaling. This molecular pathway which underpins the control of calcium and phosphate metabolism throughout life in land-dwelling animals, can be targeted to the therapeutic benefit of people with osteoporosis. We consider the significance of the findings in this paper to be valuable to the community of investigators working on PTH receptor and PTH ligand signaling. The strength of the evidence is solid and it could become even stronger by addressing a few shortcomings.

eLife assessment

This valuable study uses neuroanatomical techniques to investigate somatosensory projections from the elephant trunk to the brainstem. Given its unique specializations, understanding how the elephant trunk is represented within the brain is of general interest to evolutionary and comparative neuroscientists. The authors present solid evidence for the existence of a novel isomorphism in which the folds of the trunk are mapped onto the trigeminal nucleus; however, due to their unusual structure, some uncertainty remains about the identification and anatomical organization of nuclei within the elephant brainstem.

eLife assessment

The authors further corroborated their model that Netrin signaling promotes survival and dissemination of non-proliferating ovarian cancer cells. These valuable results were found to be of significant potential interest to cancer biologists in as much as they address gaps in knowledge pertinent to the mechanisms underpinning ovarian cancer spread. In general, it was thought that solid experimental evidence was provided to support the role of Netrin signaling in fueling ovarian cancer progression.

eLife assessment

This is a useful study that used DEGAS, a deep transfer learning tool, to identify distinct pancreatic beta cell subpopulations that could be associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and/or obesity status. The data supporting the authors' findings is solid and demonstrates that DEGAS will be a helpful tool for analyzing cell-specific transcriptomic phenotypes. This study will be of interest to researchers studying the genetics of T2D.

eLife assessment

ProtSSN is a valuable approach that generates protein embeddings by integrating sequence and structural information, demonstrating improved prediction of mutation effects on thermostability compared to sequence-only models. The work is currently incomplete as it lacks a thorough comparison against other recent top-performing methods that also incorporate structural data, such as SaProt, EVE-based models, and GEMME. Providing a comprehensive analysis benchmarking ProtSSN against these state-of-the-art structure-based approaches would significantly strengthen the evidence supporting the utility of ProtSSN's joint sequence-structure representations.

eLife assessment

This valuable manuscript provides an interesting account documenting the role of resident CD56(br) NK cells in driving interaction with dendritic cells that attract CD8+ T cells to the pancreas cancer tumor microenvironment (TME). The work convincingly illustrates how irradiation combined with CCR5i and PD1 blockade leads to a reduction in pancreatic cancer growth that correlates with a reduction in Treg cells and enhancement of NK and CD8 T cells in the TME. The correlation of NKC1 signature with survival in pancreatic cancer patients is indeed of broader interest regarding potential relevance to other types of cancer.

eLife assessment

The authors investigated the requirement and function of Blimp1/Prdm1 in murine natural killer (NK) cells and the ILC1 lineage of innate lymphoid cells, using a conditional knockout model. The single-cell mRNA-seq data provided here represent a valuable resource for the community, but the lack of mechanistic investigations leaves the study partially incomplete. The work will be of interest to the fields of innate lymphoid cell biology and tissue immunology.

eLife assessment

This important study demonstrates a link between an acute high fat diet, microglial metabolism and improved higher cognitive function. The evidence supporting the proposed mechanism in vivo is incomplete at this stage due to non-trivial technical limitations but the authors provide convincing in vitro metabolic characterization of primary microglia cultures to support the model. This work will be of interest to a broad audience in the field of neuroscience, metabolism, and immunology.

eLife assessment

Chang et al. provide glutamate co-expression profiles in the central noradrenergic system and test the requirement of Vglut2-based glutamatergic release in respiratory and metabolic activity under physiologically relevant gas challenges. Their experiments provide compelling evidence that conditional deletion of vesicular glutamate transporters from noradrenergic neurons does not impact steady-state breathing or metabolic activity in room air, hypercapnia, or hypoxia. This study provides an important contribution to our understanding of how noradrenergic neurons regulate respiratory homeostasis in conscious adult mice.

eLife assessment

This study presents solid evidence to support the effectiveness of the novel eIF2B activator DNL343 in mitigating the integrated stress response (ISR) and reducing neurodegeneration associated with ISR activation in two mouse models. These important findings offer promise for the potential use of DNL343 in treating vanishing white matter disease (VWMD), a rare condition resulting from eIF2B loss of function, and in addressing other neurodegenerative disorders characterized by ISR involvement. The study also identified potential VWMD biomarkers, which hold significance for assessing disease progression and evaluating treatment responses.

eLife assessment

This fundamental study addresses the question of how certain zooplankton achieve barotaxis, directed locomotion in response to changes in hydraulic pressure. The authors provide compelling evidence that the response involves ciliary photoreceptors interacting with motoneurons. This work should be of broad interest to scientists working on mechanosensation, cilia, locomotion, and photoreceptors.

eLife assessment

This valuable study elucidates the essential role of the chromatin regulator KDM6B in the establishment and maintenance of neural stem cells (NSCs) in the mouse hippocampus. While the evidence supporting the authors' claims is largely solid, a more comprehensive investigation into the cellular and molecular events underlying the loss of hippocampal NSCs would have further strengthened the study. Nonetheless, the findings will be of interest to biologists studying neural development and NSCs.

eLife assessment

This manuscript makes valuable contributions to our understanding of cell polarisation dynamics and its underlying mechanisms. Through the development of a computational pipeline, the authors provide solid evidence that compensatory actions, whether regulatory or spatial, are essential for the robustness of the polarisation pattern. However, a more comprehensive validation against experimental data and a proper estimation of model parameters are required for further characterization and predictions in natural systems, such as the C. elegans embryo.

eLife assessment

This valuable work advances our understanding of the foraging behaviour of aerial insectivorous birds. Its major strength is the large volume of tracking data and the accuracy of those data. However, the evidence supporting the main claim of optimal foraging is incomplete.

eLife assessment

Using multiparameter spectral flow cytometry and unbiased clustering analysis, this study provides useful insights into the heterogeneity of antigens-specific circulating T follicular helper cells from children and adults living in malaria-endemic areas of Kenya. Although the study is well-designed, the analysis and interpretation of the potential functional roles for PfSEA-1A- and PfGARP-specific subsets of circulating T follicular helper cells are incomplete.

eLife assessment

This study investigates the role of Caspar (Casp), an orthologue of human Fas-associated factor-1, in regulating the number of primordial germ cells that form during Drosophila embryogenesis. The findings are important in that they reveal an additional pathway involved in germ cell specification and maintenance. The evidence supporting the conclusions is solid, as the authors identify Casp and its binding partner Transitional endoplasmic reticulum 94 (TER94) as factors that influence germ cell numbers. Minor changes to the title, text, and experimental design are recommended.

eLife assessment

This important study investigates the influence of the cingulate cortex on the development of the social vocalizations of marmoset monkeys by making bilateral lesions of this brain area in neonatal animals. The evidence supporting the authors' claims is solid, although including longer-term effects and different social contexts would strengthen the manuscript. The work will be of broad interest to cognitive neuroscientists, speech and language researchers, and primate neuroscientists.

eLife assessment

This study provides an important re-evaluation of modality-specific information processing in the thalamus of trained mice. Using an elegant task design that probes competing tactile and visual stimuli, the authors present convincing evidence that behavioral training reshapes the sensitivity of higher-order thalamic nuclei. Despite the innovative methods and significant findings, the conclusions would be strengthened by deeper analyses of the sensory and non-sensory aspects of the modulation of the higher-order thalamic nuclei.

eLife assessment

This study presents convincing evidence of the role of an intestine-released neuropeptide, FLP-2, in the oxidative stress response of C. elegans, as well as for the neural circuit pathway that regulates its release in response to sensing reactive oxygen species (i.e., H2O2). These valuable results advance the understanding of gut-brain signaling and the neural circuit basis of behavioral responses to stress.

eLife assessment

This important study by Franziska Auer and colleagues examines cerebellar Purkinje cells' role in controlling posture in larval zebrafish using the innovative chemogenetic tool TRPV1/capsaicin. This work will interest neuroscientists studying motor control and cerebellar function. Overall, solid evidence is presented showing that disrupting Purkinje cell function impairs balance in the pitch axis and that this cell population encodes tilt direction. At the same time, some conclusions require more data or better statistical analysis.

eLife assessment

In this valuable study, Li et al., set out to understand the mechanisms of audiovisual temporal recalibration - the brain's ability to adjust to the latency differences that emerge due to different (distance-dependent) transduction latencies of auditory and visual signals - through psychophysical measurements and modelling. The analysis supports a role for causal inference in recalibration, though the evidence is incomplete.

eLife assessment

This valuable study provides evidence that during learning of a simple detection task, the change in the rate of spike bursts is a signal that is distinct from the change in firing rate, and suggests that the change in bursting is more correlated with learning than other measures of change in activity. However, the evidence for the claim that bursting contributes to learning and attention is currently incomplete, because the authors did not take into account the potentially differential effects of learning-related changes in movement on bursting compared to non-burst spike events, and there is no meaningful way to measure attention in their task. Also, the study used an artificial microstimulation as the stimulus, which limits the generalization of these results to normal sensory-motor learning.

eLife assessment

This important study advances our understanding of how FGF13 variants confer seizure susceptibility. By acting in a set of inhibitory interneurons, FGF13 regulates synaptic transmission and excitability. The data presented here are convincing and combine cell type-specific knockouts and electrophysiology, complemented by histology/RNA studies. Collectively, this research will be of interest to a wide audience, particularly those involved in the study of epilepsy, inhibitory neurons, and ion channels.

eLife assessment

This study presented a valuable inventory in scoring a neuropsychological test, ROCFT. The level of evidence is compelling. The authors constructed large samples from multi-center international researchers and tested the model using internet data with excellent performance. Their deep learning method could potentially apply to neuropsychological tests as well as other related fields.

eLife assessment

This work identifies the molecular function of an orphan human transporter, SLC35G1, providing convincing but somewhat incomplete evidence that this protein is involved in intestinal citrate absorption. This work provides important insight into transporter function and human physiology.

eLife assessment

This is a valuable study on the diffusion rates of drug molecules in human-derived cells, highlighting that their diffusion behavior depends on their charged state. It proposes that blocking drug protonation enhances diffusion and fractional recovery, suggesting improved intracellular availability of weakly basic drugs. The correlation between pKa and intracellular diffusion is solid and well-supported, but the study would benefit from a more rigorous statistical treatment and a balanced comparison across different types of compounds. Despite these limitations, the findings are significant for drug design and understanding the biophysical behavior of small molecules in cells.

eLife assessment

This useful study draws on published single-cell and spatial transcriptomic data of colon cancer liver metastasis to clarify the pro- and anti-tumorigenic properties of NK cells. The authors discover increased GZMK+ resting NK cells in the tumor tissue and reduced abundance of KIR2DL4+ activated NK cells. However, the evidence is currently incomplete, as the models used to validate the hypothesis and claims are inadequate and lack necessary controls.

eLife assessment

This important study examines the relationship between expiratory airflow and vocal pitch in adult mice during the production of ultrasonic vocalizations and also identifies a molecularly defined population of brainstem neurons that regulates mouse vocal production across development. The evidence supporting the study's conclusions that expiratory airflow shapes vocal pitch and that these brainstem neurons preferentially regulate expiratory airflow is novel and compelling. This work will be of interest to neuroscientists working on mechanisms and brainstem circuits that regulate vocal production and vocal-respiratory coordination.

eLife assessment

This paper reports a valuable new method for creating localized damage to candidate brain regions for functional and behavioral studies. The authors present solid support for their ability to create long-term local lesions with mm spatial resolution. The paper is likely to be of broad interest to brain researchers working to establish causal links between neural circuits and behavior.

eLife assessment

This work describes a new software platform for machine-learning-based segmentation of and particle-picking in cryo-electron tomograms. The program and its corresponding online database of trained models will allow experimentalists to conveniently test different models and share their results with others. The paper provides solid evidence that the software will be valuable to the community.

eLife assessment

In this study, camera trapping and species distribution models are used to show that human disturbance in mountain forests in the eastern Himalayas pushes medium-sized and large mammal species into narrower habitat space, thus increasing their co-occurrence. While the collected data provide a useful basis for further work, the study presents incomplete evidence to support the claim that increased co-occurrence may indicate positive interactions between species.

eLife assessment

This study provides a valuable resource by thoroughly benchmarking multiple sequencing-based tRNA quantification methods. The suggested best practice is supported by solid evidence from in silico experiments in multiple scenarios. The major weakness of the manuscript is the incomplete validation of newly generated experimental datasets.

eLife assessment

The important study uses a new experimental method to provide compelling evidence on how sense- and anti-sense transcription is differentially regulated. The method described here can generally be used to study the alterations in transcription. This paper will be of interest to scientists working in the gene regulation community.

eLife assessment

The study presents valuable findings on the molecular mechanisms of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from pancreatic islets, focusing on the main regulatory elements of the signaling pathway in physiological conditions. While the evidence supporting the conclusions is solid, the study can be strengthened by the use of a beta cell line or knockout mice. The work will be of interest to cell biologists and biochemists working on diabetes.

eLife assessment

This work describes a novel affinity interactomics approach that allows investigators to identify networks of protein-protein interactions in cells. The important findings presented here describe the application of this technique to the SH3 domain of the membrane remodeling Bridging Integrator 1 (BIN1), the truncation of which leads to centronuclear myopathy. The authors present solid evidence that BIN1 SH3 engages with an unexpectedly high number of cellular proteins, many of which are linked to skeletal muscle disease, and evidence is presented to suggest that BIN1 may play a role in mitosis creating the potential for new avenues in drug development efforts. Some of the findings, however, remain rather preliminary, lack sufficient replicates and may require additional experiments to definitively support the conclusions.

eLife assessment

This useful manuscript extends prior work to identify OVO as a major transcriptional activator of the female germline gene expression program. Using a combination of solid genomic strategies, the authors demonstrate that OVO binds to the promoters of hundreds of genes in the female germline and promotes their expression.

eLife assessment

This valuable work investigates the role of boundary elements in the formation of 3D genome architecture. The authors established a specific model system that allowed them to manipulate boundary elements and examine the resulting genome topology. The work yielded the first demonstration of the existence of stem and circle loops in a genome and confirms a model which had been posited based on extensive prior genetic work, providing insights into how 3D genome topologies affect enhancer-promoter communication. The evidence is solid, although the degree of generalization remains uncertain.

eLife assessment

This study presents important findings on the different polymorphs of alpha-synuclein filaments that form at various pH's during in vitro assembly reactions with purified recombinant protein. Of particular note is the discovery of two new polymorphs (1M and 5A) that form in PBS buffer at pH 7. The strength of the evidence presented is convincing. The work will be of interest to biochemists and biophysicists working on protein aggregation and amyloids.

eLife assessment

This study presents a valuable strategy to co-deliver peptides and adjuvants to antigen-presenting cells by engineering the Virus-like particle (VLP). The evidence supporting the claims of the authors is convincing, but the antitumour efficacy is unimpressive and would benefit from more antitumor experiments. The work will be of broad interest to bioengineers and medical biologists focusing on cancer vaccines.

eLife assessment

This study presents fundamental findings that could redefine the specificity and mechanism of action of the well-studied Ser/Thr kinase IKK2 (a subunit of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IkB) that propagates cellular response to inflammation). Solid evidence supports the claim that IKK2 exhibits dual specificity that allows tyrosine autophosphorylation and the authors further show that auto-phosphorylated IKK2 is involved in an unanticipated relay mechanism that transfers phosphate from an IKK2 tyrosine onto the IkBa substrate. These are potentially provocative results but open questions remain due to the nature of the in vitro assays and questions about protein purity and identity. Nevertheless, the findings are a starting point for follow-up studies to confirm the unexpected mechanism and further pursue functional significance.

eLife assessment

This important study investigates the sensitivity to endogenous cosolvents of three families of intrinsically disordered proteins involved with desiccation. The findings, drawn from well-designed experiments and calculations, suggest a functional synergy between sensitivity to small molecule solutes and convergent desiccation protection strategy. While the evidence is found to be convincing, the study's conclusions cannot be generalized due to the small number of proteins investigated. This work will be of interest to biochemists and biophysicists interested in the conformation-function relationship of intrinsically disordered proteins.

eLife assessment

Based on largely indirect evidence, this study proposes that genomic integration of HIV targets DNA/RNA hybrids called R-loops. The evidence is indirect because the authors do not use relevant models systems to show integration and because they artificially induce R-loops in the critical experiments. There are two interrelated findings: 1) VSVg-pseudotyped HIV-1 induces R-loops in various cell types, and 2) VSVg-pseudotyped HIV-1 targets R-loops for integration in an artificial Hela cell model in which R-loops are exogenously induced. The induction of R-loops by a pseudotyped HIV-1 is a potentially valuable finding. Critically, however, because of the caveats above, the evidence is inadequate to support the primary claims in the title, abstract, and manuscript. Furthermore, if these claims were true, the authors do not provide context for how they could be reconciled with well-established structural data showing that HIV-1 integrase catalyzes the integration of viral DNA into dsDNA as a substrate.

eLife assessment

The authors study how inflammatory priming and exposure to irradiated Mycobacterium tuberculosis or the bacterial endotoxin LPS impact the metabolism of primary human airway macrophages and monocyte-derived macrophages. The work shows that metabolic plasticity is greater in monocyte-derived macrophages than alveolar macrophages. The experimental methods and evidence are solid, and the results and findings are useful for the field of immunometabolism.

eLife assessment

This fundamental study analyzes the roles of post-translational modifications of tubulin by generating a large panel of tubulin mutants and describing their effects on morphogenesis and function of sensory neurons in C. elegans. The work, which is of interest to all cell biologists, in particular researchers with an interest in the microtubule cytoskeleton and neurobiology, presents conclusions that are supported by solid evidence. Demonstrating that all introduced mutations have the intended consequences and exploring their direct effect on microtubules would further increase the impact of the work.

eLife assessment

This study presents a valuable syngeneic zebrafish model for studying glioblastoma and will be of interest to neuro-oncologists and cancer biologists. Using a feasible in vivo model to study the tumour microenvironment, cell/cell interaction, and immunity, the data are compelling, and opens up new lines of inquiries for future investigation on the impact of efferocytosis on tumor progression and cell of origin in this model as well as assessments of drug resistance mechanisms, using inhibitors to MAPK , Akt and/or mTOR pathway.

eLife assessment

Building on on the observation of an increase in miR-182-5p in diabetic patients, the authors investigated the role of miR-182-5p and its target gene LRP6 in dysregulated glucose tolerance and fatty acid metabolism in obese type 2 diabetics. The use of human livers complemented by supporting data in mice and cells are strengths, but the evidence presented remains incomplete. The findings provide valuable insights into the role of miRNAs in the regulation of liver metabolism and insulin sensitivity in individuals with diabetes and fatty liver disease.

eLife assessment

This study provides a fundamental advance in palaeontology by reporting the fossils of a new invertebrate, Beretella spinosa, and inferring its relationship with already described species. The analysis placed the newly described species in the earliest branch of moulting invertebrates. The study, supported by convincing fossil observation, hypothesizes that early moulting invertebrate animals were not vermiform.