1. Last 7 days
    1. BDSC:61298

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61298

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61298


      What is this?

    2. BDSC:32959

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_32959

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32959


      What is this?

    3. BDSC:61298

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61298

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61298


      What is this?

    4. BDSC:55971

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55971

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55971


      What is this?

    5. BDSC:32959

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_32959

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32959


      What is this?

    6. BDSC:62959

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62959

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62959


      What is this?

    7. BDSC:60048

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_60048

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_60048


      What is this?

    8. BDSC:55971

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55971

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55971


      What is this?

    9. BDSC:57780

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57780

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57780


      What is this?

    10. BDSC:62959

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62959

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62959


      What is this?

    11. BDSC:60048

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_60048

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_60048


      What is this?

    12. BDSC:55952

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55952

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55952


      What is this?

    13. BDSC:57780

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57780

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57780


      What is this?

    14. BDSC:61239

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61239

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61239


      What is this?

    15. BDSC:55952

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55952

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55952


      What is this?

    16. BDSC:61239

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61239

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61239


      What is this?

    17. BDSC:34979

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_34979

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_34979


      What is this?

    18. BDSC:34979

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_34979

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_34979


      What is this?

    19. BDSC:57309

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57309

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57309


      What is this?

    20. BDSC:57309

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57309

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57309


      What is this?

    21. BDSC:32431

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_32431

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32431


      What is this?

    22. BDSC:33717

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_33717

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_33717


      What is this?

    23. BDSC:32431

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_32431

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32431


      What is this?

    24. BDSC:32388

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_32388

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32388


      What is this?

    25. BDSC:33717

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_33717

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_33717


      What is this?

    26. BDSC:32981

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_32981

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32981


      What is this?

    27. BDSC:50970

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_50970

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_50970


      What is this?

    28. BDSC:32388

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_32388

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32388


      What is this?

    29. BDSC:57191

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57191

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57191


      What is this?

    30. BDSC:32981

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_32981

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_32981


      What is this?

    31. BDSC:50970

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_50970

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_50970


      What is this?

    32. BDSC:54039

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_54039

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_54039


      What is this?

    33. BDSC:57191

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57191

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57191


      What is this?

    34. BDSC:61922

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61922

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61922


      What is this?

    35. BDSC:54039

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_54039

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_54039


      What is this?

    36. BDSC:58095

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_58095

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58095


      What is this?

    37. BDSC:61922

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61922

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61922


      What is this?

    38. BDSC:58095

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_58095

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58095


      What is this?

    39. BDSC:51174

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_51174

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_51174


      What is this?

    40. BDSC:51174

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_51174

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_51174


      What is this?

    41. BDSC:34668

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_34668

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_34668


      What is this?

    42. BDSC:57256

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57256

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57256


      What is this?

    43. BDSC:34668

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_34668

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_34668


      What is this?

    44. BDSC:60080

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_60080

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_60080


      What is this?

    45. BDSC:57256

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57256

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57256


      What is this?

    46. BDSC:61976

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61976

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61976


      What is this?

    47. BDSC:60080

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_60080

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_60080


      What is this?

    48. BDSC:58153

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_58153

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58153


      What is this?

    49. BDSC:61976

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61976

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61976


      What is this?

    50. BDSC:61932

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61932

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61932


      What is this?

    51. BDSC:58153

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_58153

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58153


      What is this?

    52. BDSC:58118

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_58118

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58118


      What is this?

    53. BDSC:61932

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61932

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61932


      What is this?

    54. BDSC:58118

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_58118

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58118


      What is this?

    55. BDSC:41932

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_41932

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_41932


      What is this?

    56. BDSC:57290

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57290

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57290


      What is this?

    57. BDSC:41932

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_41932

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_41932


      What is this?

    58. BDSC:57290

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57290

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57290


      What is this?

    59. BDSC:27714

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_27714

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_27714


      What is this?

    60. BDSC:27714

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_27714

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_27714


      What is this?

    61. BDSC:36128

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_36128

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36128


      What is this?

    62. BDSC:36128

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_36128

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36128


      What is this?

    63. BDSC:36117

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_36117

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36117


      What is this?

    64. BDSC:36117

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_36117

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36117


      What is this?

    65. BDSC:62867

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62867

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62867


      What is this?

    66. BDSC:62867

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62867

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62867


      What is this?

    67. BDSC:42568

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_42568

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42568


      What is this?

    68. BDSC:57010

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57010

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57010


      What is this?

    69. BDSC:42568

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_42568

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42568


      What is this?

    70. BDSC:57010

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57010

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57010


      What is this?

    71. BDSC:38279

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_38279

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_38279


      What is this?

    72. BDSC:38279

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_38279

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_38279


      What is this?

    73. BDSC:55884

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55884

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55884


      What is this?

    74. BDSC:55884

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55884

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55884


      What is this?

    75. BDSC:57798

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57798

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57798


      What is this?

    76. BDSC:57798

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57798

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57798


      What is this?

    77. BDSC:42861

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_42861

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42861


      What is this?

    78. BDSC:42861

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_42861

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42861


      What is this?

    79. BDSC:34991

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_34991

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_34991


      What is this?

    80. BDSC:34991

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_34991

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_34991


      What is this?

    81. BDSC:42661

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_42661

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42661


      What is this?

    82. BDSC:42661

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_42661

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_42661


      What is this?

    83. BDSC:55155

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55155

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55155


      What is this?

    84. BDSC:55155

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55155

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55155


      What is this?

    85. BDSC:61982

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61982

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61982


      What is this?

    86. BDSC:61982

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61982

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61982


      What is this?

    87. BDSC:36764

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_36764

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36764


      What is this?

    88. BDSC:36764

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_36764

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_36764


      What is this?

    89. BDSC:55996

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55996

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55996


      What is this?

    90. BDSC:55996

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_55996

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_55996


      What is this?

    91. BDSC:58082

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_58082

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58082


      What is this?

    92. BDSC:58082

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_58082

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_58082


      What is this?

    93. BDSC:57746

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57746

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57746


      What is this?

    94. BDSC:57746

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57746

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57746


      What is this?

    95. BDSC:62889

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62889

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62889


      What is this?

    96. BDSC:62889

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62889

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62889


      What is this?

    97. BDSC:61241

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61241

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61241


      What is this?

    98. BDSC:61241

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_61241

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_61241


      What is this?

    99. BDSC:57440

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57440

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57440


      What is this?

    100. BDSC:57440

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_57440

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_57440


      What is this?

    101. BDSC:62919

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62919

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62919


      What is this?

    102. BDSC:54821

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_54821

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_54821


      What is this?

    103. BDSC:62919

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62919

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62919


      What is this?

    104. BDSC:54821

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_54821

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_54821


      What is this?

    105. BDSC:62531

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62531

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62531


      What is this?

    106. BDSC:62531

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62531

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62531


      What is this?

    107. BDSC:62436

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

      Resource: RRID:BDSC_62436

      Curator: @scibot

      SciCrunch record: RRID:BDSC_62436


      What is this?

    108. BDSC:62436

      DOI: 10.1534/g3.119.400581

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    1. The study also showed that the use of rainwater was ranked third in the most important aspect when choosing a facility that the respondent would prefer. The use of rainwater was only beaten by what kind of energy the stadium uses and the price of the ticket.

      Lyu, “Unveiling Willingness to Pay for Green Stadiums: Insights from a Choice Experiment.” 4.4

    2. The first study also found that the respondents were willing to pay extra “for each additional percent increment in the usage of harvested rainwater for non-potable purposes such as irrigation, toilet flushing, and cleaning.”

      Lyu, “Unveiling Willingness to Pay for Green Stadiums: Insights from a Choice Experiment.” 5.1

    3. It also shows that 50 percent would be more “keen to buy sustainable team/brand merchandise.”

      Capgemini. "Actions fans are willing to take on environmental sustainability in sports worldwide as of April 2023."

    4. This can be supported by another study that found that 69 percent of respondents from around the world were interested in following more green sports and competitions.

      Capgemini. "Actions fans are willing to take on environmental sustainability in sports worldwide as of April 2023." Chart. June 7, 2023. Statista. Accessed July 23, 2024. https://www-statista-com.ezproxy.lafayette.edu/statistics/1449133/fans-sports-actions-environmental-sustainability/

    5. In the study, the traditional stadium with the least number of green aspects was the least preferred stadium showing that even just a few green aspects can help the stadium financially.

      Lyu, “Unveiling Willingness to Pay for Green Stadiums: Insights from a Choice Experiment.” 5.1

    6. “In a highly competitive sports market, furthermore, respondents may perceive green stadiums as a unique selling point. As a result, spectators may be inclined to pay more for an exceptional and environmentally responsible experience that distinguishes a green stadium from its counterparts.”

      Lyu, “Unveiling Willingness to Pay for Green Stadiums: Insights from a Choice Experiment.” 5.1

    7. It found that “respondents placed greater emphasis on green energy generation on-site rather than ticket price.”

      Lyu, “Unveiling Willingness to Pay for Green Stadiums: Insights from a Choice Experiment.” 5.1

    8. A 2023 study found that LEED platinum-rated stadiums were considered the most desirable venue compared to traditional stadiums. It also found that participants were willing to spend more money on a higher ticket price if it meant the stadium was platinum-rated.

      Lyu, “Unveiling Willingness to Pay for Green Stadiums: Insights from a Choice Experiment.” 5.1

    1. With greener aspects comes “positive publicity, new sponsorship opportunities, tax credits, reduced utility costs, longer facility lifecycles, and long-term savings . . .”

      Kellison, “Building Sport’s Green Houses: Issues in Sustainable Facility Management.” 16

    2. Increased emphasis on water conservation tends to save even more money.

      McClendon, All Sports Are Water Sports. 7

    3. “Despite the added cost of LEED-certified facilities, . . . the long-term savings of green buildings [are] significant: energy costs in LEED-certified buildings were 31 percent lower, while operating costs were US$.70 per square foot less than their non-LEED equivalents.”

      Kellison, “Building Sport’s Green Houses: Issues in Sustainable Facility Management.” 16

    4. “the city of Santa Clara offers rebates to all residents and businesses for landscaping, commercial washing machines, and lower-cost recycled water . . ., meaning the 49ers saw an immediate economic advantage to utilizing recycled water.”

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions 354

    5. Policy-makers and local governments should be encouraging stadiums to introduce more green initiatives because “given that teams are highly autonomous during the facility planning process, decisions to incorporate green designs into new venues are likely to rest on ownership and local government.”

      Kellison, “Building Sport’s Green Houses: Issues in Sustainable Facility Management.” 15

    6. In some cities, stadium proposals must include “pro-environmental features before being considered for taxpayer support.”

      Kellison, “Building Sport’s Green Houses: Issues in Sustainable Facility Management.” 14-15

    7. green infrastructure can bolster a community that typically employees unskilled and seasonal jobs at the stadium such as “ticket takers, ushers, vendors, restaurant and bar workers, and taxi drivers

      BAADE, “The Impact of Stadium and Professional Sports on Metropolitan Area Development.” 7

    8. Green infrastructure also means the creation of green jobs that can boost local economies.

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 176

    9. “Greenwashing” is the idea that “teams are simply doing external, cursory green activities to earn a positive public appearance, while doing little to solve bigger, overall problems.”

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 168

    10. “only fourteen percent of [LEED certified] buildings actually create renewable energy and only twelve percent incorporate water-reduction plans . . .”

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 171

    11. To achieve the LEED certification, a lot of stadium designers tend to pick the easiest and cheapest options that would give enough points for a certification.

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 170

    12. While it is good that stadiums are taking an interest in the environmental impact they have, achieving a LEED certification can also lead to significant tax breaks from a city.

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 170-171

    13. The highest level of the LEED certification a stadium can achieve is platinum which means the facility was awarded 80 or more points.

      Casey, Cillian. 2024. “The LEED Rating System Explained.” Www.cim.io. February 12, 2024. https://www.cim.io/blog/the-leed-rating-system-explained#:~:text=There%20are%20four%20levels%20of.

    14. The idea of the LEED program is to minimize the environmental impact of sports facilities.

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 159

    15. materials and resources used in construction, energy and atmosphere, and innovation of design aspects.

      “LEED Platinum Certification - the World Food Prize Hall of Laureates | Des Moines Iowa.” n.d. Www.halloflaureates.org. https://www.halloflaureates.org/en/about/leed_platinum_certification/#:~:text=To%20reach%20LEED%20Platinum%20%2C%20the.

    16. “sustainability, water efficiency, and indoor environmental quality,”

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 159

    17. Over 100 teams have joined GSA.

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 158

    18. The GSA motivates teams to “reduce the environmental impact of sports facilities.”

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 158

    1. Recycled water can be used for the green roofs, but also can be used for “playing field irrigation, watering the stadium’s green roof, refrigeration, cooling the stadium, and flushing toilets.”

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” 354

    2. Green roofsDescriptionDetailsCitationsSource fileOverhead picture of the green rood at Chicago City HallScalar URLhttps://scalar.lafayette.edu/hydronarratives/chicago-city-hall-green-roof (version 1)Source URLhttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/de/20080708_Chicago_City_Hall_Green_Roof.JPG (image/JPEG)dcterms:titleChicago City Hall Green Roofdcterms:descriptionOverhead picture of the green rood at Chicago City Halldcterms:date2008-07-09dcterms:creatorTonyTheTigerView asRDF-XML, RDF-JSON, or HTML have also been found to “help to control runoff and runoff pollution, which was identified as a major way that cities receive drinking water.”

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” 359

    3. “‘Green infrastructure – water quality management techniques like green roofs, tree planting, rain gardens, and permeable pavement – has been proven to help solve major urban stormwater problems and improve the health and livability of neighborhoods.’”

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” 359

    4. The blue roof can also keep rainwater from going into the city’s sewer system which can help if a city is prone to combined sewer overflows.

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” 359

    5. blue roof, a roof that can store rainwater

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” 359

    1. Installing contactless actuators on toilets gives dual-flush options for liquid or solid waste, ensuring that “only the necessary amount of water is used for each flush.”

      Hunt, “The A-To-Z Guide to Green Water Management in Sports Stadiums.”

    2. Using low-flow plumbing can reduce water use by 40 percent when compared to regular plumbing.

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” 354

    3. metering faucets on sinks

      Hunt, Greg. n.d. “The A-To-Z Guide to Green Water Management in Sports Stadiums.” Learn.chicagofaucets.com. Accessed July 24, 2024. https://learn.chicagofaucets.com/blog/the-a-to-z-guide-to-green-water-management-in-sports-stadiums.

    4. installing low-flow plumbing

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” 354

      McClendon, All Sports Are Water Sports. Green Sports Alliance. 15

    5. installing water-flow restrictors, automatic sensors

      Kellison, “Building Sport’s Green Houses: Issues in Sustainable Facility Management. 6

    6. using hand soap that does not require water

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 162

    7. Water reduction in restrooms can look like installing waterless urinals

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 163

      Kellison, Timothy. 2015. “Building Sport’s Green Houses: Issues in Sustainable Facility Management.” Kinesiology Faculty Publications 58: 218–37. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/kin_health_facpub/58/?utm_source=scholarworks.gsu.edu%2Fkin_health_facpub%2F58&utm_medium=PDF&utm_campaign=PDFCoverPages, 6

    8. and using landscaping techniques like “mowing, verticutting, aeration, wetting agents, nutrition, and other cultural practices” to help promote water conservation and efficiency from making healthy field conditions.

      Althouse, “Irrigation and Water Conservation BMPs.” 29

    9. using three-inch sprinkler heads to ensure the water is evenly distributed among the field and reduces the chance for water to be wasted from hitting tall grass or leaves

      Althouse, “Irrigation and Water Conservation BMPs.” 29-30

    10. “[selecting] drought-tolerant varieties of turfgrass . . .”

      Althouse, “Irrigation and Water Conservation BMPs.” 29

    11. Alternate forms of irrigation can help mitigate the effects of transport pollutants. For example, a stadium might use any combination of sprinklers to water a field, but might use drip irrigation for efficiency in growing their landscape.

      Netafim. 2019. “Drip Irrigation Systems | Netafim.” Netafim.com. 2019. https://www.netafim.com/en/drip-irrigation/.

    12. The SportsTurf publication wrote that “Excessive irrigation can transport pollutants and cause erosion, which can negatively affect waterways.”

      Althouse, “Irrigation and Water Conservation BMPs.” 29

    13. These sensors can connect to computerized irrigation that can be shut off from a phone if the field had received “adequate rainfall.”

      Althouse, “Irrigation and Water Conservation BMPs.” 31

    14. soil-moisture sensors

      Bunds, “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” 355

    15. The field irrigation should therefore occur based on “actual site conditions,” which includes considering the “evapotranspiration rates, recent rainfall, recent temperature extremes, soil moisture, and pending field use schedules.”

      Althouse, “Irrigation and Water Conservation BMPs.” 29

    16. To keep a field healthy and control the water use, “Irrigation rates should not exceed the maximum ability of the soil to absorb and hold the water applied at any one time.”

      Althouse, “Irrigation and Water Conservation BMPs.” 29

    17. According to an article in SportsTurf, DescriptionDetailsCitationsSource fileCover of SportsTurf Magazine September 2019Scalar URLhttps://scalar.lafayette.edu/hydronarratives/media/sportsturf-magazine (version 1)Source URLhttps://scalar.lafayette.edu/hydronarratives/media/SportsTurf.pdf (document/PDF)dcterms:titleSportsTurf Magazinedcterms:descriptionCover of SportsTurf Magazine September 2019dcterms:date2019-09dcterms:creatorSportsTurfView asRDF-XML, RDF-JSON, or HTMLan official publication of sports turf managers, “An efficient irrigation system maximizes water use, reduces operational cost, conserves supply and protects water resources.”

      Althouse, Kristen. 2019. “Irrigation and Water Conservation BMPs.” SportsTurf, September 2019. https://sturf.lib.msu.edu/article/2019sep.pdf., 30

    1. ELECT DISTINCT ON (customer) id, customer, total FROM purchases ORDER BY customer, total DESC, id;
    2. The perfect index for the above query would be a multi-column index spanning all three columns in matching sequence and with matching sort order:
    1. WITH recursive temp (n, fact) AS ( SELECT 0, 1 -- Initial Subquery UNION ALL SELECT n+1, (n+1)*fact FROM temp WHERE n < 9 -- Recursive Subquery ) SELECT * FROM temp;
    1. As Roger McClendon, Green Sports Alliance executive director, states, “Use reduction impacts the resource you are trying to protect- in this case potable water- and reduces the long term operating costs related to the resource, opening more opportunities for further water use reduction.”

      McClendon, All Sports Are Water Sports. 15

    2. In a giant sports stadium, leaks could come from “Hidden drains, faucets left running or even backup cooling systems that are not monitored” and “can lead to substantial water loss.”

      McClendon, All Sports Are Water Sports. 16

    3. “The EPA indicates that the national average for water lost to leaks in potable water delivery systems is 14%.”

      McClendon, All Sports Are Water Sports. 16

    4. These processes could be watering the landscape, pressure washing the seats, installed cooling systems, and flushing a toilet.
    5. “Nick Hansen with RecycledH2O (2015) notes: An NFL football field is 57,600 square feet (360' by 160'). This field size needs approximately 36,000 gallons of water, if one inch of water is to be applied to the entire field. (Extra grass along sidelines means more water used.) To put this into perspective, if your family of four uses 1400 gallons per week, 26 families would use the same volume of water that a football field will use for 1'' of watering.”

      Bunds, Kyle S. 2018. “WATER and SPORTS FACILITIES Usage, Issues, and Solutions.” In Routledge Handbook of Sport and the Environment, edited by Brian P. McCullough and Timothy B. Kellison, 351–62. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Routledge-Handbook-of-Sport-and-the-Environment/McCullough-Kellison/p/book/9780367896867?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwko21BhAPEiwAwfaQCIkVksrlT1724EHslRPpqq4T7WDjMAAKXFG01Bm2o54YgWvYqYHWTRoCPkMQAvD_BwE., 352

    1. The clean-up finished 3 to 4 years earlier than the town originally planned.

      Blaustein, “Red Bull Arena Tour/Follow up to ‘How Green Is Your NY/NJ Sports Team’ Post.”

    2. a site that has or may have the presence of a hazardous substance, pollutant, or contaminant.
    3. The Arena was built on a brownfield site

      Blaustein, Lewis. 2013. “Red Bull Arena Tour/Follow up to ‘How Green Is Your NY/NJ Sports Team’ Post.” GreenSportsBlog (blog). August 25, 2013. https://greensportsblog.com/red-bull-arena-tourfollow-up-to-how-green-is-your-nynj-sports-team-post/.

    4. “. . . I wish to suggest that abjection is a dialectical process produced out of deeply situated discursive relationships and material practices, where difference is constantly reproduced, enacted and fore- grounded between people that have deep overlapping social histories. Critically, these differences are realized and reproduced through the production and management of urban infrastructure.”

      Anand, "Municipal Disconnect: On Abject Water and its Urban Infrastructures." 490

    5. “According to a report by the National Bureau of Economic Research, properties within a mile of a National Football League (NFL) stadium can see rents increase by as much as 9%.”

      “The Intersection of Sports Stadiums and Real Estate – a Complex Game.” 2024. Leadingre Real Estate Companies of the World, U.S. And International Luxury Homes | LeadingRE. PropertyWeek. January 1, 2024. https://www.leadingre.com/mediaroom/2024/01/05/the-intersection-of-sports-stadiums-and-real-estate-a-complex- game#:~:text=Rental%20properties%20near%20stadiums%20are.

    6. “That residents only became eligible subjects of his expertise after they paid their bills shows how the water department, despite being a public entity, recognizes residents more as customers than citizens, and provides a bureaucratic procedure through which public officials could discriminate between good and bad subjects, between residents that were eligible for their service and others that were not.”

      Anand, Nikhil. "Municipal Disconnect: On Abject Water and its Urban Infrastructures." Ethnography 14, no. 4 (2012): 495

    7. Sports stadiums cause a multitude of environmental problems, such as air pollution leading to further environmental problems, overusing water consumption, and multiplying waste from humans

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.”

    8. Additionally, the study found that the construction of new stadiums had a “negative and significant” impact on the city’s regional income.

      BAADE, “The Impact of Stadium and Professional Sports on Metropolitan Area Development.” 12

    9. Well put by the study, “Twenty dollars spent on football tickets may be merely twenty less dollars spent on theater tickets elsewhere in the city. The new restaurant across from the stadium may be offset by putting an old restaurant out of business in another neighborhood.

      BAADE, “The Impact of Stadium and Professional Sports on Metropolitan Area Development.” 6

    10. A study on how much revenue a sports stadium generates for a city found that “there is an insignificant impact of the stadium or sports variables on the level of metropolitan area income.”

      BAADE, ROBERT A, and RICHARD F DYE. 1990. “The Impact of Stadium and Professional Sports on Metropolitan Area Development.” Growth and Change 21 (2): 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14682257.1990.tb00513.x.

    1. The Clean Water Act also “provides the [Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)] with the authority to regulate discharges into waters of the United States and also empowers the agency to execute pollution control programs, such as industrial wastewater standards.”

      Grant, “Green Monsters: Examining the Environmental Impact of Sports Stadiums.” 155

    2. It also comes into play to protect communities from pollutants washing away into storm drains which is typically a large problem during the construction stages.

      US EPA, OECA. 2013. “Clean Water Act (CWA) Compliance Monitoring.” Www.epa.gov. May 3, 2013. https://www.epa.gov/compliance/clean-water-act-cwa-compliance-monitoring#:~:text=The%20CWA%2C%20and%20its%20implementing.

    3. Discharges of pollutants and waste water are controlled and not to be directed to US waters.

      Congressional Quarterly, Almanac. 1972. “Clean Water: Congress Overrides Presidential Veto,” 1972. https://www.visitthecapitol.gov/sites/default/files/documents/lesson-plan/primary-source-material/clean-water-act-psm.pdf.