- Aug 2016
-
www.yalelawjournal.org www.yalelawjournal.org
-
he shaped much of New York’s infrastructure, including a number of “low-hanging overpasses” on the Long Island parkways that led to Jones Beach.3 According to his biographer, Moses directed that these overpasses be built intentionally low so that buses could not pass under them.4 This design decision meant that many people of color and poor people, who most often relied on public transportation, lacked access to the lauded public park at Jones Beach.5
Robert Moses acknowledges the environment he built was made to regulate the flow of people who could access Jones beach so without saying whites only he made it quite clear who he didn't want there.
-
or example, Elise C. Boddie argues that places have racial identities based on their history of or reputation for exclusion, and that courts should consider this racial meaning for purposes of racial discrimination claims
an example of this would be the association of Auburn ave. with being the hub of African American business and how the south side as a whole is associated with gangsters and African Americans when more than us live on this side of town.
-
Sometimes transit will allow a person to get close to a given area, but not all the way there, leaving the rider in a dangerous situation.
If more rich Caucasian people rode the transit system it would be made more protective and stops would be closer to where people live making hit and run situations and robberies drop.
-
As one scholar acknowledged, “race has been a factor limiting the geography of transit.”125 For example, wealthy white residents of suburban Atlanta, Georgia,126 suburban San Francisco, California,127 and Washington, D.C.,128 have organized to oppose the locating of transit stops in their communities, at least in part because transit would enable people who live in poorer areas of the cities to easily access these wealthier areas.
The limiting of transit stops holds down a group of people and acts as an oppressive force.
-
The wall still exists today—a legacy of discriminatory government policy—and though Detroit has experienced declines in segregation in recent years, this city is still the most racially segregated metropolitan area in the United States.96
the effects of the past still has a negative effect on the present and although we have seen strides to make the discriminatory nature between where people change it has had little effects in other areas.
-
Scholarship on urban planning, which describes the history of city-building, is rife with tales of physical exclusion.16
looking back on the history of where people of color are forced to live (the ghettos) would further shed light on this physical exclusion. one example would be the Chicago ghettos my great grandparents lived in because their was no other pace to live that would be close to the city where they worked without having a car.
-