Malik Shah shows himself to be a good ruler that brough about good changes in his area especially in cuktural and socineitiv understanding. Diction is key in this section as "cultural and scientific renaissance" highlights how people were very scholarly during this time and how key scholars were prominnet during this time. Many advances were made expecially in astronomyshowing how Islam impacted Iran for the greater good and brought lots of good for them. Not to mention, Molk as an influence helped show why good leadership is essential in society and can bring more advances to many fields when figures such as him are leading a large grouo of people. Many leadership poistions are often attributed to men and show how women were uusally not leaders and typically were not as respected as men or did not have the opporunitire needed to showcase their talents. The heroism marked in the text is different from many others texts as it shows how good leaders do not necessarily need to lead their people in war but can be great by bringing poistive changes to fields likle astronomy and culture. This text also shows how important teligion and culuture is as it can affect how someone acts and is able to treat others. Islam brought positive changes in their society because the mindset of their people changed and they were able to provide more and do more for the greaste good of the scoioety because of the new values instilled in them. CC BY Ajey Sasimugunthan (contact)

Hossain's martyrdom in Shia is on full display and shows how he is a key figure in fight against injustice and tyranny. The death and commemoration of him shows the impact of his actions and how religion and culture can have major consequences on a society and people. This sacrifice serves as a social message about the moral struggle within Shia Islam and how people are revered when they make tough decisions and sacrifice for the greater good of others. While gender is not a major theme in this text, Hossain as a male figure shows how males are typically the ones to make a sacrifice for the grater good of the people. Another implicit theme is how religion is important in shaping people because the beliefs and customs in them can influence how a person turns out and how they will treat others as it is like an instruction guide on how to treat others and how you should act as a person. For example, Hinduism has the concept of dharma so someone who practices Hinduism and is loyal to the religion will always complete their duties and will be generally a responsible person. CC BY Ajey Sasimugunthan (contact)

The Sassanid's weakened state is very obvious because of the Islamic conquest. Their collapse shows how they were very vulnerable to the external forces. It shows how even a little resistence or some opposition was enough to disintegrate their empire. An interesting component of the text is the cooperation from the local population and it shows how people in dire circumstances are willing to do whatever is needed of them. Not to mention, the internal collapse of their empire made it easier for submission for their new rulers. There is not much to discuss about the gender roles but we can see how men still remain dominant in their societ as they are the ones calling the shots and making most decisions. Islamic conquest led to many changes especially in legal and social right as there were new regulations and reforms put in place. It also highlights how culture and religion is important in shaping a society. CC BY Ajey Sasimugunthan (contact)