used 45 Gy (25 fractions of 1.8 Gy) neoadjuvant radiotherapy to the primary site, followed by resection and adjuvant radiotherapy with the dose determined by the success of resection–10.8 Gy (6 fractions of 1.8 Gy) for microscopic residual disease R1 (cumulative dose 55. 8 Gy) or 19.8 Gy (11 fractions of 1.8 Gy) for gross residual disease/no resection (cumulative dose 64.8 Gy)