The first table depicts mean percentages for participants' descriptions of "what [was] going on inside of [them]" that triggered them to return to substance use after a drug-free period of one month or longer. The most common responses were "lonely, bored" (31%) and "craved, wanted to use" (31%).

The second table depicts mean percentages for participants' descriptions of "what happened in the outside world (social situation, event)" that triggered them to return to substance use after a drug free period of one month or longer. The most common responses were "temptations" (28%) and "stress/responsibilities" (28%).

The first table depicts mean percentages for participants' stated reasons as to why they stopped using drugs. The most common reason participants gave for no longer using was "wanted a better life/tired of drugs" (54%).

The second table depicts mean percentages for participants' stated methods for stopping drug use. The most commonly cited methods by participants were "12-step/self-help groups" (45%), "treatment" (34%), and "cold turkey/willpower" (30%).

The first table depicts mean percentages for each substance (alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, heroin, hallucinogens, tranquilizers, other pills, or other drugs) participants mentioned (first mention or any mention) when asked the question "at the time when you first started, what did you use?" Most used substances, regardless of whether first mentioned or mentioned at all, were alcohol and marijuana.

The second table depicts mean percentages for the most commonly cited reasons (wanted to fit in with peers, family member/caretaker used, emotional/mental issues, fun/experiment/curiosity, problems at home or school, traumatic, stressful event, wanted to drink/use) participants started using by diagnosis (total, schizophrenia, bipolar, or depression). Overall, the highest percentage of participants said they started using to fit in with peers.

Table depicting means (with standard deviations) of proband relatives (full siblings, half siblings, and parents) with various substance use problems (any problem, substance use disorder, alcohol, drugs, tobacco, crime, death, or somatic disease). Also depicts univariate (crude) analyses of the odds ratios (with CIs) for these substance related problems overall, in the presence of a proband with ASD alone, in the presence of a proband with ASD and comorbid ADHD, in the presence of a proband with ASD and comorbid ID, and in the presence of a proband with ASD and comorbid ADHD and ID. Many of the univariate analyses of the odds ratios were statistically significant, meaning that many substance-related problems are significantly likely to occur in relatives of probands with ASD and other comorbid disorders.

Table depicting univariate (crude) and multivariate (adjusted for parental age, region of birth, education, and family income) analyses of the odds ratios (with CIs) for various substance use related problems in the presence of ASD comorbid with other conditions (none, ADHD, ID, and ADHD and ID). Univariate and multivariate analyses of the odds ratios were statistically significant for many substance-related problems in the presence ASD by itself, ASD comorbid with ID, and ASD comorbid with ADHD And ID, and for all substance-related problems in the presence of ASD comorbid with ADHD. This means that substance related problems are equally and significantly likely to co-occur in individuals with ASD alone, ASD comorbid with ID, and ASD comorbid with ADHD. They are also more and significantly likely to co occur in individuals in individuals with comorbid ASD and ADHD.

Table depicting the means (with standard deviations) of patients (ASD and non-ASD) with various substance related problems (any problem, substance use disorder, alcohol, drugs, tobacco, crime, somatic disease, or death). Also depicts univariate (crude) and multivariate (adjusted for parental age, region of birth, education, and family income) analyses of the odds ratios (with CIs) for these substance related problems in the presence of ASD. Almost all of the univariate and multivariate analyses of the odds ratios were statistically significant, meaning that almost all of the substance related problems are significantly likely to co-occur with ASD.

Average percentage of problems attempted for males and females in sets 1 and 2 for the 3 minute and 6 minute time conditions in study 2. Significant overall effects are shown for time (3 min or 6 min), test half (set 1 or 2), sex (male or female), interaction between time and sex, and interaction between time and test half.

Percentage of problems attempted was generally higher in the 6 min condition than in the 3 min condition (time difference), in the 2nd set than in the 1st set (practice effect), and for males than for females (sex difference). The interaction effect between time and sex indicates that males attempt more problems than females throughout, but that the difference decreases as more time is given. The interaction effect between time and test half indicates that participants attempt more problems in the second half of the test than in the first half, but that the difference decreases as more time is given.

Mean amount of problems solved (with SD) for males and females in the 3 minute and 6 minute time conditions of study 2. Significant main effects are shown for sex (male or female) and time (3 min or 6 min).

Main effect of sex indicates that on average, males solved more problems than females. Main effect of time indicates that on average, participants solved more problems in the 6 min condition than in the 3 min condition.

No idea how to interpret this. Seems to be statistical figures for questions on the perceived spatial ability test.

Correlations between performance measures for males and females. All correlations were positive and significant at a minimum level of p <.05. Not sure how to interpret this one.

Correlations between measures of absolute and relative accuracy of metacognitive judgments for males and females. Some correlations were significant positive or negative at various levels (p < .05; p < .01; p < .001), and others weren't. Not sure how to interpret this one.

Female performance, female confidence judgment, female global prediction, female global postdiction, male performance, male confidence judgment, male prediction, male postdiction, t-value, degrees of freedom, p-value, Cohen's d, and 95% lower and upper confidence intervals for Raven's matrices test, symmetry span test, paper folding test, spatial relations test, and PSVT:R test.

Female score, male score, t-value, degrees of freedom, p-value, Cohen's d, and 95% lower and upper confidence intervals for absolute accuracy and relative accuracy of spatial relations, paper folding, and PSVT:R.

Female score, male score, t-value, degrees of freedom, p-value, Cohen's d, and 95% lower and upper confidence intervals for global prediction and postdiction of spatial relations, paper folding, and PSVT:R.

Fixed effect estimates and random effects estimates for confidence predictions using only the participants' gender (Model A) and confidence predictions using the participants' gender and the participants' trial-level PAE as a control. Models A and B demonstrated significance for fixed effects estimates only. Not sure how to interpret this.

Proportion of absolute error and confidence judgment means, standard deviations, minimums, and maximums at the trial level.

Sample size, grade level, percentage of males, number lines/scales used, number of estimations used, and confidence judgment scale used for each study included in the meta-analysis.

Table depicting main effects (F and p values) of stimulus type, gender, and an interaction between stimulus and gender on contrast thresholds and mean reaction times, as well as the gender effects (t and p values; independent t-test of [values for men - values for women]) of MC-biased stimuli and PC-biased stimuli on contrast thresholds and mean reaction times. Stimulus type, and an interaction between stimulus type and gender, had significant main effects on contrast threshold, and PC-biased stimuli had a significant gendered effect on contrast thresholds. Stimulus type and an interaction between stimulus type and gender had significant main effects on mean reaction times. There was no significant gendered effect of MC-biased or PC-biased stimuli on mean reaction time.

Tests taken by participants, number of participants for each test, independent samples t-test results for each test, p value for each test, and Cohen's d for each test. The visual acuity, visual backwards masking (25 and 5 gratings), simple reaction time, motion direction, and biological motion (inverted 200%) tests showed significant differences between male and female participants.

Sampling information for participants that engaged in various visual perception tests. Information for each test includes the amount of participants that took the test, their mean ages (plus standard deviation), and their age range, in addition to the p-value for mean ages (plus standard deviation).

EEG activations for contextually incorrect tool use over contextually correct tool use from 300ms to 400ms by specific brain lobe and region. "Lobe" refers to the specific lobe within the brain, "region" refers to the specific region within that lobe, and "XYZ(TAL)" are the 3-dimensional Talairach coordinates for the voxel encompassing that region. Z-value and k value need definition.

EEG activations for contextually incorrect tool use over contextually correct tool use from 0ms to 100ms by specific brain lobe and region. "Lobe" refers to the specific lobe within the brain, "region" refers to the specific region within that lobe, and "XYZ(TAL)" are the 3-dimensional Talairach coordinates for the voxel encompassing that region. Z-value and k value need definition.

EEG activations for contextually incorrect tool use over contextually correct tool use from 100ms to 200ms by specific brain lobe and region. "Lobe" refers to the specific lobe within the brain, "region" refers to the specific region within that lobe, and "XYZ(TAL)" are the 3-dimensional Talairach coordinates for the voxel encompassing that region. Z-value and k value need definition.

fMRI activations for contextually incorrect tool use compared to contextually correct tool use by specific brain lobe and region. "Lobe" refers to the specific lobe within the brain, "region" refers to the specific region within that lobe, and "XYZ(TAL)" are the 3-dimensional Talairach coordinates for the voxel encompassing that region. Z-value and k value need definition.

fMRI activations for contextually correct tool use compared to contextually incorrect tool use by specific brain lobe and region. "Lobe" refers to the specific lobe within the brain, "region" refers to the specific region within that lobe, and "XYZ(TAL)" are the 3-dimensional Talairach coordinates for the voxel encompassing that region. Z-value and k value need definition.