the phrase alludes to influences by Confucianism[2](p10) – in particular, filial piety or loyalty towards the family, corporation, and nation; the forgoing of personal freedom for the sake of society's stability and prosperity; the pursuit of academic and technological excellence; and, a strong work ethic together with thrift

Proponents of so-called "Asian values", who tend to support Asian-style authoritarian governments,[2](p13) claim these values are more appropriate for the region than Western democracy with its emphasis on individual freedoms.[3] "Asian values" were codified and promoted in the Bangkok Declaration of 1993, which re-emphasized the principles of sovereignty, self-determination, and non-interference in civil and political rights. They included: Preference for social harmony; Concern with socio-economic prosperity and the collective well-being of the community; Loyalty and respect towards figures of authority; Preference for collectivism and communitarianism.