Pareto front (PF), by the “filtration” mechanisms toidentify the “non-dominated” AMPs made by the Pareto ranking (PR)

wherein EC50 refers to the concentration producing 50% ofthe maximal biological effect,

MPGen uses an order-agnostic autoregressive diffusion model

which hasa limit of 30 amino acids for AMPs prediction sequences.

Antimicrobial Peptide Database (ADP), the Collection of Anti-MicrobialPeptides (CAMP) and the Database of Anuran Defense Peptides (DADP)

oreover, substitution with DAAs may enhance other properties, such asantimicrobial activity, by increasing permeability into bacterial membranes and eukaryotictissues

macrocyclization, which can be achieved by the con-densation of their amino and carboxyl group terminals

Furthermore, numerous AFPs not only eradicate fungi solely by membranelysis but also cause oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, programmed cell deathand autophagy

fungal membranes contain ergosterol (the main fungalsterol) and glycosphingolipids, more specifically glucosylceramide (GlcCer), which areboth surrounded by a solid cell wall composed of chitin and β-glucans

ifferences in AMP selectivity between fungal and bacterial cells toprecise AMPs and AFPs have to do with the amount of ergosterol levels,

bioactive peptides, which are derived from different natural sources involving in-sects, plants and marine organism

fungaldiseases affect billions of people annually and are associated with several million deathsworldwide,

the mechanisms of virulence in Enterobacter spp. have yet tobe studied thoroughly

which makes it more difficult for pathogens to develop resistance, as it lowersthe mutation rate.

binding to membrane componentsto disrupt membrane stability or synthesis and penetration of the cell to alter vital cell pro-cesses that ultimately lead to cell death

amyloidogenic and aggregation-prone properties can also be ex-ploited as a functional antimicrobial mechanism

support the design of protectivemodifications such as D-amino acid substitution, cyclization, PEGylation, terminal cap-ping, or incorporation of noncanonical residues

analyze charge distribution, hydrophobic moment, amphipathicity, sequencepatterns and predicted secondary structure to identify features associated with erythrocytelysis

reverse diffusion process

controlled sampling, latentspace manipulation and iterative optimization,

apture long-range contextualrelationships through self-attention mechanisms

nonlinear relationships, capturelong-range dependencies

SVM, RF and XGBoos

esilience to overfitting

yperplanes in high-dimensional feature space

osition-specific scoring matrices,

These methods rely on the systematic transformationof peptide sequences into informative numerical representations

When immobilized onbiomaterials, AMPs can prevent bacterial colonization, disrupt early biofilm formationand extend the functional lifespan of medical device