• impaired source monitoring
• inner speaking (discernment) of the 'internal' monologue attributed to outside-of-self (external source)
• hallucinatory
• sleep deprivation
• threat, trauma, and memory intrusions (adaptive mechanism)
• distinguish cues and markers indicative of psychosis as a symptom (temporary psychosis), where certain constraints and stress induce psychosis, versus frequent and longer lasting hallucinations

correlation to negative self-talk of 'other' external and negative self-talk of 'I' internal