We recruited 12 active researchers by word of mouth followed bysnowball sampling [ 53 ]

Interviews were video and audio recorded. We transcribed the audio using OpenAI's Whisper automatic speech recognition system and anonymized the transcript before analysis.

Immediately after the focused reading task, we conducted a short interview asking participants to reflect on their experience with both tasks (Appendix J.2), followed by a post-study survey (Appendix J.3).

The study concluded with a 15-minute semi-structured interview. During the interview, participants saw screenshots from the three conditions and were asked which they preferred and disliked, why, what they wished the interface had, what influenced their skimming, and how they normally skimmed texts.

After the interviews, we analyzed the data using the process described in Appendix B

We used these mock-ups as design probes [31] to inspire ideation and elicit creative responses. Specifically, we asked participants to compare and contrast alternative mock-ups and reflect on how they could be used or improved to support their known or emerging synthesis and information-foraging goals.

In the second part of the session, we provided participants with mock-ups of possible reifications of cross-document relationships that might help them synthesize information across abstracts.

In the first part of the session, we asked participants about their strategies for selecting publication venues for their manuscript submissions, how they identify and synthesize information from venues, their approaches to writing manuscripts, and finally, the technology they have used to help with these processes, current technology shortcomings, and ideas for addressing these challenges.

Sessions, which were held on Zoom, lasted 55 minutes on average. Participants were compensated with $15 USD.

The interview sessions were divided into two parts: an open-ended semi-structured interview about their backgrounds and practices, followed by feedback on a range of mock-ups, including novel reified relationships between analogous sentences in different abstracts (Figure 2).

In order to determine (1) the context in which we might offer novel views of scientific abstracts and (2) the intelligibility of various novel prototype designs for reifying cross-abstract relationships, we conducted a formative interview study with 12 active researchers (see Appendix A for participant information).