We don't need a backbone. We don't need an information backbone. With an ad hoc network

Critique means you have to take a position, and you have to defend it. Likewise, you have to be against something. This produces a dynamic or differential.

open-source licenses replacing or standing in for the idea of being critical or thoughtful.

we now focus a lot of energy on the elevation of the individual's productive capacity

But sometimes repairing means creating a novel tool;

three key concepts speak to an elevated degree of  subversion

a growing disrespect for an object’s identity and for the truth and authority it embodies

where the remixed version challenges the aura of the original and claims autonomy even when it carries the original's name.

offer resistance to dominant narratives

Vidding, she explains, "is a form of grassroots filmmaking in which clips from television shows and movies are set to music" such that the images are read through the interpretive lens of the song

Homer stitched together prefabricated parts. Instead of a creator, you had an assembly-line worker"

viewing remix as a digital speech act would rid of us terms like appropriation and recycling, which suggest the primacy of an original author or text

a digital utterance expressed across the registers of the verbal, the aural, and the visual

a claim for which evidence is provided, that also retains a dialogic or conversational nature

We carry personal computers in our pockets—nothing could be more decentralized than this!—but have surrendered control of our data, which is stored on centralized servers, far away from our pockets.

the makerspace community continues to judge itself on the basis of startup metrics:

Kickstarter has a thirty-seven percent failure rate

And while the case for makerspaces has centered on educational and economic impact

bleeding-edge application and grown-up play,

a new amalgam of art, craft, and technology.

Trenton

Rachel Maines's work

Make magazine brand of making usually involve building things with Arduinos, making LEDs light up, and using 3D printers--in many ways, this seems like just of another style of technology consumer.

Today, everyone is a maker, but no one is really making anything.

So let's learn how to code, but let's also read Plato.

“Towards a Liberatory Technology,”

Ivan Illich’s “Tools for Conviviality,”

Inequality here is not just a matter of who owns and runs the means of physical production but also of who owns and runs the means of intellectual production—the so-called “attention economy”

Department of Defense

Anderson starts by confusing the history of the Web with the history of capitalism and ends by speculating about the future of the maker movement, which, on closer examination, is actually speculation on the future of capitalism

our hackers aren’t smashing the system; they’re fiddling with it so that they can get more work done.

He distinguished the hackers from the planners

“The modern man, who should be a craftsman, but who, in most cases, is compelled by force of circumstances to be a mill operative, has no freedom,”

“when the philosopher goes to work and the working man becomes a philosopher.”