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    1. Anticancer Efficacy of KRASG12C Inhibitors Is Potentiated by PAK4 Inhibitor KPT9274 in Preclinical Models of KRASG12C-Mutant Pancreatic and Lung Cancers

      [Paper-level Aggregated] PMCID: PMC10690049

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive, Functional

      Justification: Oncogenic: The text discusses the KRAS G12C and G12D mutations in the context of cancer cell lines, indicating that these variants are associated with tumorigenic properties, particularly highlighting the specific response of KRASG12C to treatment. Predictive: The evidence suggests that the presence of the KRAS G12C mutation predicts a positive response to the drug combination of MRTX849 and KPT9274, as indicated by the synergistic growth inhibition observed in KRASG12C-mutant cell lines. Functional: The study demonstrates the functional impact of KRAS G12C and G12D mutations on cell growth and drug response, showing that KRASG12C-mutant cells are sensitive to specific inhibitors while KRASG12D-mutant cells are not.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): KRAS(3845):G12C KRAS(3845):G12D

      Genes: KRAS(3845)

      Variants: G12C G12D

    2. This drug combination was also tested on NCI "Rasless" MEFs carrying KRASG12C or KRASG12D mutations. KPT9274 synergized with MRTX849 at all dose combinations yielding suppressed growth of KRASG12C-mutant MEFs (Supplement

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC10690049 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 7

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the response of KRASG12D mutant MEFs to a drug combination, indicating that the variant is associated with resistance to growth inhibition by the therapies tested. Oncogenic: The KRASG12D variant is implicated in tumor behavior, as it is described in the context of MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) and their growth characteristics, suggesting a role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 3845:G12D

      Genes: 3845

      Variants: G12D

    3. KRAS G12C-mutant MIA PaCa-2 (PDAC) and NCI-H358 (NSCLC) cells were exposed to MRTX849/AMG510 and KPT9274 at different dose combinations. As shown in Fig. 2A and B, all three dose combinations tested demonstrated synergis

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC10690049 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 6

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the response of KRAS G12C-mutant cells to specific therapies, indicating a correlation between the variant and sensitivity to the drugs MRTX849/AMG510 and KPT9274. Oncogenic: The variant KRAS G12C is implicated in tumor development, as the passage describes its presence in cancer cell lines and their proliferation in response to treatment, suggesting a role in cancer progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 3845:G12C

      Genes: 3845

      Variants: G12C

    4. This drug combination was also tested on NCI "Rasless" MEFs carrying KRASG12C or KRASG12D mutations. KPT9274 synergized with MRTX849 at all dose combinations yielding suppressed growth of KRASG12C-mutant MEFs (Supplement

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC10690049 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 7

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the response of KRASG12D mutant MEFs to a drug combination, indicating that the variant is associated with resistance to growth inhibition by the therapies tested. Oncogenic: The KRASG12D variant is implicated in tumor behavior, as it is described in the context of MEFs (mouse embryonic fibroblasts) and their growth characteristics, suggesting a role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 3845:G12D

      Genes: 3845

      Variants: G12D

    5. KRAS G12C-mutant MIA PaCa-2 (PDAC) and NCI-H358 (NSCLC) cells were exposed to MRTX849/AMG510 and KPT9274 at different dose combinations. As shown in Fig. 2A and B, all three dose combinations tested demonstrated synergis

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC10690049 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 6

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the response of KRAS G12C-mutant cells to specific therapies, indicating a correlation between the variant and sensitivity to the drugs MRTX849/AMG510 and KPT9274. Oncogenic: The variant KRAS G12C is implicated in tumor development, as the passage describes its presence in cancer cell lines and their proliferation in response to treatment, suggesting a role in cancer progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 3845:G12C

      Genes: 3845

      Variants: G12C