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    1. PI3K pathway activation results in low efficacy of both trastuzumab and lapatinib

      [Paper-level Aggregated] PMCID: PMC3141770

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Prognostic

      Justification: Oncogenic: The presence of PIK3CA mutations, specifically H1047R and E542K, is associated with tumorigenesis, as indicated by their occurrence in tumor samples and the context of their mutation hotspots. Prognostic: The study suggests a correlation between PIK3CA mutations and PTEN expression loss, which may have implications for patient outcomes, particularly since a significant portion of patients with the H1047R mutation also exhibited PTEN loss.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): PIK3CA(5290):E542K PIK3CA(5290):H1047R PTEN(5728):T1052A

      Genes: PIK3CA(5290) PTEN(5728)

      Variants: E542K H1047R T1052A

    2. PTEN expression loss was found in 18 patients (31.6%, Figure 2a). Thirty-nine patients were positive for PTEN expression, in which 17 (29.8%), 14 (24.6%), and 8 (14%) specimens were weak positive, positive and strong pos

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC3141770 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 6

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage indicates that the H1047R mutation is associated with PTEN loss in patients, suggesting that it contributes to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 5290:H1047R

      Genes: 5290

      Variants: H1047R

    3. The overall incidence of PIK3CA mutations was 12.3% (7 in 57 samples). The majority of mutations occurred at two hotspots, H1047R (7%, 4 samples) at exon 20 encoding the kinase domain (Figure 1a), and E542K (1.8%, 1 samp

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC3141770 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 5

      Evidence Type(s): Diagnostic, Oncogenic

      Justification: Diagnostic: The passage discusses the incidence of PIK3CA mutations and their occurrence in specific samples, indicating their association with the disease. Oncogenic: The mention of PIK3CA mutations, including E542K and H1047R, suggests their role in tumor development, as they are described as mutations found in tumor samples.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 5290:E542K 5290:H1047R 5728:T1052A

      Genes: 5290 5728

      Variants: E542K H1047R T1052A

    4. PTEN expression loss was found in 18 patients (31.6%, Figure 2a). Thirty-nine patients were positive for PTEN expression, in which 17 (29.8%), 14 (24.6%), and 8 (14%) specimens were weak positive, positive and strong pos

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC3141770 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 6

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage indicates that the H1047R mutation is associated with PTEN loss in patients, suggesting that it contributes to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 5290:H1047R

      Genes: 5290

      Variants: H1047R

    5. The overall incidence of PIK3CA mutations was 12.3% (7 in 57 samples). The majority of mutations occurred at two hotspots, H1047R (7%, 4 samples) at exon 20 encoding the kinase domain (Figure 1a), and E542K (1.8%, 1 samp

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC3141770 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 5

      Evidence Type(s): Diagnostic, Oncogenic

      Justification: Diagnostic: The passage discusses the incidence of PIK3CA mutations and their occurrence in specific samples, indicating their association with the disease. Oncogenic: The mention of PIK3CA mutations, including E542K and H1047R, suggests their role in tumor development, as they are described as mutations found in tumor samples.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 5290:E542K 5290:H1047R 5728:T1052A

      Genes: 5290 5728

      Variants: E542K H1047R T1052A