61 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2026
    1. Identification of a novel HER3 activating mutation homologous to EGFR-L858R in lung cancer

      [Paper-level Aggregated] PMCID: PMC4823091

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Summary: Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation alters the molecular function of the HER3 protein, affecting its phosphorylation levels, growth response, and colony formation ability in various cellular contexts. It enhances the interaction with HER2 and trans-phosphorylation, indicating significant changes in molecular or biochemical function. Additionally, in silico modeling suggests alterations in the kinase domain and carboxyl-terminal end of the HER3 protein.

      Evidence Type: Functional Mutation: L858 | Summary: The L858 mutation is part of a conserved sequence motif that stabilizes the inactive position of the alphaC helix, indicating potential functional relevance.

      Evidence Type: Functional Mutation: L597V | Summary: The L597V mutation is associated with increased ERK activation, indicating a functional alteration in molecular activity.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): APC(324):V855A EGFR(1956):L858 BRAF(673):L597V

      Genes: APC(324) EGFR(1956) BRAF(673)

      Variants: V855A L858 L597V

    2. Identification of a novel HER3 activating mutation homologous to EGFR-L858R in lung cancer

      [Paper-level Aggregated] PMCID: PMC4823091

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic

      Summary: Mutation: T-to-C | Summary: The T-to-C mutation in the HER3 gene is identified as a somatic variant that contributes to tumor development, as it was detected in the tumor sample but not in the patient's peripheral blood DNA.

      Evidence Type: Oncogenic Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation is implicated in tumor development and progression, contributing to oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis, particularly in combination with HER2. It enhances growth response, promotes IL-3-independent growth, and increases colony formation capabilities in the presence of specific ligands, indicating its role in cancer signaling pathways. The mutation is associated with transforming activity and may correlate with a malignant phenotype, particularly in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), where it enhances ligand-induced transformation in cell lines.

      Evidence Type: Oncogenic Mutation: L858R | Summary: The L858R missense mutation is classified as an activating mutation that contributes to tumor development in the context of EGFR-related cancers.

      Evidence Type: Oncogenic Mutation: L597V | Summary: The L597V mutation is classified as an intermediate kinase active variant that significantly increases BRAF activity, contributing to tumor development.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): ERBB3(2065):T-to-C APC(324):V855A EGFR(1956):L858R BRAF(673):L597V

      Genes: ERBB3(2065) APC(324) EGFR(1956) BRAF(673)

      Variants: T-to-C V855A L858R L597V

    3. Identification of a novel HER3 activating mutation homologous to EGFR-L858R in lung cancer

      [Paper-level Aggregated] PMCID: PMC4823091

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive

      Summary: Mutation: L858R | Summary: The L858R mutation in EGFR is associated with increased sensitivity to EGFR TKIs, indicating its predictive value for therapy response.

      Evidence Type: Predictive Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation is associated with differential response to HER inhibitors and may predict response to targeted therapy, as indicated by varying sensitivity to inhibitors and its relevance in predicting response to targeted therapies in NSCLC.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): EGFR(1956):L858R APC(324):V855A

      Genes: EGFR(1956) APC(324)

      Variants: L858R V855A

    4. Somatic mutations found within the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of the human epidermal growth factor (HER) family of receptors have been implicated in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 1

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive, Functional

      Summary: Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3 V855A somatic mutation is implicated in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and enhances ligand-induced transformation in cell lines, indicating its role in tumor development. Evidence Type: Predictive | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The presence of the HER3 V855A mutation suggests potential sensitivity to HER-targeted inhibitors, indicating its relevance in predicting response to targeted therapies in NSCLC. Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: In silico modeling predicts that the V855A mutation alters the kinase domain and c-terminal end of the HER3 protein, indicating a change in molecular function.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    5. Taken together, these data suggest that the V855A mutation alters the activity of HER3, which may correlate with a malignant phenotype.

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 26

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation alters the activity of HER3, indicating a change in molecular or biochemical function. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation may correlate with a malignant phenotype, suggesting its contribution to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    6. To elucidate and predict the impact of mutant V855A on the conformation of the wild-type HER3, protein modeling was performed via the automated I-TASSER server. Server predicted models were further refined by submitting

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 25

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation alters the molecular structure of the wild-type HER3 protein, specifically affecting the kinase domain and the carboxyl-terminal end.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    7. Impact of V855A on HER3 protein structure

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 24

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The variant V855A is associated with alterations in the molecular or biochemical function of the HER3 protein.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    8. We further examined the effects of the inhibitors on HER-related signaling activity and survival using the Ba/F3 model system. Afatinib (100nmol/L) potently inhibited NRG1beta-induced phosphorylation of HER3, wild type H

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 23

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive

      Summary: Evidence Type: Predictive | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation may predict response to targeted therapy, as indicated by the differential effects of inhibitors on HER-related signaling activity and survival in the presence of this mutation.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    9. To assess the effect of the inhibitors on colony formation, Ba/F3 co-transfectants were seeded onto methyl-cellulose and treated with HER inhibitors in the presence of NRG1beta. As shown in Fig 6b, afatinib (100 nmol/L)

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 22

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Functional

      Summary: Evidence Type: Predictive | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation in HER3 is associated with differential response to HER inhibitors, indicating its predictive value for therapy effectiveness. Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation alters the colony formation ability of HER3 co-transfectants, demonstrating a change in molecular function.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    10. To investigate whether HER3-V855A can be therapeutically targeted; we examined the growth inhibitory effects of inhibitors targeting the extracellular and kinase domain of the HER receptors. These inhibitors include: erl

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 21

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Predictive | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A variant is investigated for its therapeutic targeting potential, showing varying sensitivity to inhibitors, indicating a correlation with treatment response. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A variant is associated with altered growth inhibition in Ba/F3 cells, suggesting its role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    11. To further confirm that the V855A mutation provides increased activity to HER3 through enhanced physical interaction with HER2, we performed co-immunoprecipitaton experiments on Ba/F3 co-transfectants stimulated with or

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 19

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation alters the molecular interaction between HER3 and HER2, enhancing their physical interaction, particularly in the presence of NRG1beta. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation contributes to tumor development by increasing the activity of HER3 through enhanced interaction with HER2, suggesting a role in cancer progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    12. Tyrosine trans-phosphorylation is a major event in HER signaling. To examine if HER3-V855A enhances trans-phosphorylation of HER2, we performed immunoblot analysis on Ba/F3 and HEK 293Tlysates after 16hr incubation in se

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 16

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A variant enhances trans-phosphorylation of HER2, indicating an alteration in molecular function related to HER signaling. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A variant contributes to tumor development by enhancing HER2 trans-phosphorylation, which is a key event in cancer signaling pathways.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    13. We next examined the effect of chronic treatment with NRG1beta on HER3/HER2 phosphorylation and their downstream targets AKT and ERK 1/2 in the Ba/F3 co-transfectants. As shown in Figure 3e, a five-day chronic treatment

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 14

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation alters the molecular function of HER3, as it affects the phosphorylation levels of HER3 and its downstream targets in response to NRG1beta treatment. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation contributes to tumor development or progression, as it is associated with transforming activity that requires a competent HER2 receptor.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    14. We also investigated the functional relevance of stable Ba/F3 transfectants co-expressing HER3-V855A and EGFR (Supplemental Fig. 1a). While Ba/F3 cells co-expressing HER3-V855A and EGFR exerted a robust growth response t

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 13

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation alters the molecular function of Ba/F3 cells, affecting their growth response and colony formation in the presence of TGFalpha. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation is implicated in tumor development as it demonstrates a robust growth response in a cellular model, indicating its potential role in oncogenic processes.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    15. To assess the ability of HER3-V855A to form colonies we performed a methyl cellulose-based colony formation assay. As shown in Fig 3c & 3d, while NRG1beta treatment did not induce an increase in colony number between the

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 12

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A variant alters the colony formation ability, resulting in significantly larger colony sizes compared to wild-type HER3, indicating a change in molecular function. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A variant contributes to tumor development or progression as evidenced by its enhanced colony formation capabilities in the presence of NRG1beta treatment.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    16. To determine the transforming potential of HER3-V855A in the context of IL-3 -independent growth, Ba/F3 transfectants were grown in the absence or presence of IL-3, or HER cognate ligands (neuregulin1beta (NRG1beta) or t

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 11

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation alters the growth response of Ba/F3 cells in the presence of NRG1beta, indicating a change in molecular function related to HER3 activation. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation contributes to tumor development by promoting IL-3-independent growth in the presence of specific ligands, suggesting its role in oncogenic processes.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    17. HER3 has been described as a contributor to oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis, particularly when combined with its HER2 dimerization partner. Therefore, we hypothesized that the HER3 kinase mutation may cause a

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 10

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation was studied in a Ba/F3 model system to determine its functional impact, indicating that it alters molecular or biochemical function. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The HER3-V855A mutation is described as a contributor to oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis, particularly in combination with HER2, suggesting its role in tumor development.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    18. To analyze the location and significance of the novel HER3-V855A mutation, we performed protein sequence alignment of exon 21 of the EGFR and HER3. Although, the amino acid at position 855 in HER3 is not conserved relati

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 8

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation is suggested to have a functional effect due to its position in a conserved sequence motif that may affect protein kinase activity. Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: L858 | Summary: The L858 mutation is part of a conserved sequence motif that stabilizes the inactive position of the alphaC helix, indicating potential functional relevance. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: L597V | Summary: The L597V mutation is classified as an intermediate kinase active variant that significantly increases BRAF activity, contributing to tumor development. Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: L597V | Summary: The L597V mutation is associated with increased ERK activation, indicating a functional alteration in molecular activity.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 673:L597V 1956:L858 1956:L858R 324:V855 324:V855A

      Genes: 673 1956 324

      Variants: L597V L858 L858R V855 V855A

    19. EGFR pathogenic mutations sensitize in varying degrees to inhibition by small molecule TKIs. These mutations include both class I short in-frame deletions and class II missense mutations. One of these mutations, the L858

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 7

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Summary: Evidence Type: Predictive | Mutation: L858R | Summary: The L858R mutation in EGFR is associated with increased sensitivity to EGFR TKIs, indicating its predictive value for therapy response. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: L858R | Summary: The L858R missense mutation is classified as an activating mutation that contributes to tumor development in the context of EGFR-related cancers.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 1956:L858R

      Genes: 1956

      Variants: L858R

    20. Homology between the HER3-V855A and EGFR-L858R kinase mutation

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 6

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Summary: Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: L858R | Summary: The L858R mutation is mentioned in the context of its homology with the HER3-V855A mutation, suggesting a potential alteration in molecular or biochemical function. Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation is mentioned in the context of its homology with the EGFR-L858R mutation, indicating a potential alteration in molecular or biochemical function.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 1956:L858R 324:V855A

      Genes: 1956 324

      Variants: L858R V855A

    21. A single arm multicenter phase II clinical study initiated in 2006 (FIELT1 study; NCT00339586) was coordinated by our department to evaluate the safety and efficacy of first-line erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 5

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Functional

      Summary: Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: T-to-C | Summary: The T-to-C mutation in the HER3 gene is identified as a somatic variant that contributes to tumor development, as it was detected in the tumor sample but not in the patient's peripheral blood DNA. Evidence Type: Oncogenic | Mutation: V855A | Summary: The V855A mutation in the HER3 gene is a somatic variant that plays a role in tumor progression, as indicated by its presence in the tumor sample. Evidence Type: Functional | Mutation: p. Val855Ala | Summary: The p. Val855Ala mutation alters the molecular function of the HER3 protein, as it involves a substitution of valine to alanine at codon 855, which is part of the activation loop.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2065:T-to-C 324:V855A 324:p. Val855Ala 324:valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 855

      Genes: 2065 324

      Variants: T-to-C V855A p. Val855Ala valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 855

  2. Feb 2026
    1. Identification of a novel HER3 activating mutation homologous to EGFR-L858R in lung cancer

      [Paper-level Aggregated] PMCID: PMC4823091

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Functional, Predictive

      Justification: Oncogenic: The HER3-V855A mutation is described as a contributor to oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis, particularly when co-expressed with HER2, indicating its role in promoting cancer. Functional: The study demonstrates that the HER3-V855A mutation alters the activity of HER3, affecting its interaction with HER2 and enhancing ligand-induced transformation, which suggests a functional impact on protein activity. Predictive: The findings indicate that tumors harboring the HER3-V855A mutation may predict response to targeted therapy, as the study shows differential sensitivity to HER inhibitors based on the presence of this mutation.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): BRAF(673):L597V EGFR(1956):L858 EGFR(1956):L858R APC(324):V855 APC(324):V855A ERBB3(2065):T-to-C APC(324):p. Val855Ala APC(324):valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 855

      Genes: BRAF(673) EGFR(1956) APC(324) ERBB3(2065)

      Variants: L597V L858 L858R V855 V855A T-to-C p. Val855Ala valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 855

    2. Somatic mutations found within the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of the human epidermal growth factor (HER) family of receptors have been implicated in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 1

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive, Functional

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses the HER3 V855A somatic mutation's role in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating its contribution to tumor behavior. Predictive: The text mentions that HER-targeted inhibitors potently suppress mutant HER3 activity, suggesting a correlation between the V855A variant and response to targeted therapies. Functional: The passage states that in silico computational modeling predicts that the V855A mutation alters the kinase domain and c-terminal end of the HER3 protein, indicating a change in molecular function.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    3. Taken together, these data suggest that the V855A mutation alters the activity of HER3, which may correlate with a malignant phenotype.

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 26

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage indicates that the V855A mutation alters the activity of HER3, which relates to its molecular function. Oncogenic: The mention of the V855A mutation correlating with a malignant phenotype suggests that it contributes to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    4. To elucidate and predict the impact of mutant V855A on the conformation of the wild-type HER3, protein modeling was performed via the automated I-TASSER server. Server predicted models were further refined by submitting

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 25

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the V855A mutation alters the conformation of the wild-type HER3 protein, indicating a change in molecular function related to the kinase domain.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    5. Impact of V855A on HER3 protein structure

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 24

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses the impact of the V855A variant on HER3 protein structure, indicating that it alters molecular or biochemical function.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    6. We further examined the effects of the inhibitors on HER-related signaling activity and survival using the Ba/F3 model system. Afatinib (100nmol/L) potently inhibited NRG1beta-induced phosphorylation of HER3, wild type H

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 23

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive

      Justification: Predictive: The passage indicates that tumors harboring HER3-V855A may predict response to targeted therapy, suggesting a correlation between the variant and treatment response.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    7. To assess the effect of the inhibitors on colony formation, Ba/F3 co-transfectants were seeded onto methyl-cellulose and treated with HER inhibitors in the presence of NRG1beta. As shown in Fig 6b, afatinib (100 nmol/L)

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 22

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the effectiveness of HER inhibitors on colony formation in the presence of the V855A variant, indicating a correlation with response to therapy. Oncogenic: The V855A variant is mentioned in the context of colony formation assays, suggesting it contributes to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    8. To investigate whether HER3-V855A can be therapeutically targeted; we examined the growth inhibitory effects of inhibitors targeting the extracellular and kinase domain of the HER receptors. These inhibitors include: erl

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 21

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Functional

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the growth inhibitory effects of various inhibitors on cells expressing the HER3-V855A variant, indicating a correlation between the variant and response to specific therapies, such as afatinib and erlotinib. Functional: The variant HER3-V855A is examined in the context of its effect on cell growth and response to inhibitors, suggesting that it alters the molecular function of the HER3 receptor in relation to drug sensitivity.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    9. To further confirm that the V855A mutation provides increased activity to HER3 through enhanced physical interaction with HER2, we performed co-immunoprecipitaton experiments on Ba/F3 co-transfectants stimulated with or

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 19

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the V855A mutation alters the physical interaction between HER3 and HER2, indicating a change in molecular function through enhanced interaction, which is supported by co-immunoprecipitation experiments.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    10. Tyrosine trans-phosphorylation is a major event in HER signaling. To examine if HER3-V855A enhances trans-phosphorylation of HER2, we performed immunoblot analysis on Ba/F3 and HEK 293Tlysates after 16hr incubation in se

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 16

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the HER3-V855A variant enhances trans-phosphorylation of HER2, indicating an alteration in molecular function related to signaling pathways.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    11. We next examined the effect of chronic treatment with NRG1beta on HER3/HER2 phosphorylation and their downstream targets AKT and ERK 1/2 in the Ba/F3 co-transfectants. As shown in Figure 3e, a five-day chronic treatment

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 14

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the V855A variant alters the phosphorylation levels of HER3 and AKT, indicating a change in molecular function related to signaling pathways. Oncogenic: The text implies that the V855A variant contributes to transforming activity, suggesting its role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    12. We also investigated the functional relevance of stable Ba/F3 transfectants co-expressing HER3-V855A and EGFR (Supplemental Fig. 1a). While Ba/F3 cells co-expressing HER3-V855A and EGFR exerted a robust growth response t

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 13

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses the functional relevance of the HER3-V855A variant, indicating that it alters the growth response of Ba/F3 cells when co-expressed with EGFR, demonstrating a change in molecular function related to TGFalpha treatment. Oncogenic: The passage implies that the HER3-V855A mutation has pathogenic effects, suggesting a role in tumor development or progression, particularly in the context of its interaction with EGFR and response to growth factors.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    13. To assess the ability of HER3-V855A to form colonies we performed a methyl cellulose-based colony formation assay. As shown in Fig 3c & 3d, while NRG1beta treatment did not induce an increase in colony number between the

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 12

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses the ability of the HER3-V855A variant to alter colony size in response to treatment, indicating a change in molecular or biochemical function. Oncogenic: The variant HER3-V855A is implicated in colony formation, which suggests its role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    14. To determine the transforming potential of HER3-V855A in the context of IL-3 -independent growth, Ba/F3 transfectants were grown in the absence or presence of IL-3, or HER cognate ligands (neuregulin1beta (NRG1beta) or t

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 11

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Functional

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses the transforming potential of the HER3-V855A variant in the context of IL-3-independent growth, indicating that this somatic variant contributes to tumor development or progression as evidenced by the growth response in Ba/F3 cells. Functional: The variant HER3-V855A alters the growth response of Ba/F3 cells when stimulated with NRG1beta, demonstrating a change in molecular function related to HER3/HER2 biological activity.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    15. HER3 has been described as a contributor to oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis, particularly when combined with its HER2 dimerization partner. Therefore, we hypothesized that the HER3 kinase mutation may cause a

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 10

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Functional

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses the HER3-V855A variant in the context of oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis, indicating that it may contribute to tumor development when co-expressed with HER2. Functional: The study investigates the functional impact of the HER3-V855A variant in a cellular model, focusing on its properties and effects on cell behavior in a controlled environment.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    16. To analyze the location and significance of the novel HER3-V855A mutation, we performed protein sequence alignment of exon 21 of the EGFR and HER3. Although, the amino acid at position 855 in HER3 is not conserved relati

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 8

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the V855A mutation may have a functional effect by altering protein kinase activity, as indicated by its position in a conserved sequence motif and its analysis through structural studies. Oncogenic: The mention of the BRAF-L597V mutation being classified as an intermediate kinase active variant that increases ERK activation suggests that the V855A mutation may contribute to tumor development or progression through its functional implications.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 673:L597V 1956:L858 1956:L858R 324:V855 324:V855A

      Genes: 673 1956 324

      Variants: L597V L858 L858R V855 V855A

    17. EGFR pathogenic mutations sensitize in varying degrees to inhibition by small molecule TKIs. These mutations include both class I short in-frame deletions and class II missense mutations. One of these mutations, the L858

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 7

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Diagnostic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage states that the L858R mutation sensitizes to inhibition by small molecule TKIs, indicating a correlation with response to therapy. Diagnostic: The L858R mutation is described as having the highest prevalence among activating EGFR kinase domain missense mutations, which suggests its use in defining or classifying a subtype of disease.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 1956:L858R

      Genes: 1956

      Variants: L858R

    18. A single arm multicenter phase II clinical study initiated in 2006 (FIELT1 study; NCT00339586) was coordinated by our department to evaluate the safety and efficacy of first-line erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 5

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive

      Justification: Oncogenic: The HER3-V855A mutation was detected in the tumor sample, indicating that it is a somatic variant contributing to tumor development or progression. Predictive: The passage discusses the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC with erlotinib based on the presence of an EGFR mutation, suggesting a correlation between the mutation and response to therapy.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2065:T-to-C 324:V855A 324:p. Val855Ala 324:valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 855

      Genes: 2065 324

      Variants: T-to-C V855A p. Val855Ala valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 855

    19. Somatic mutations found within the tyrosine kinase domain (TKD) of the human epidermal growth factor (HER) family of receptors have been implicated in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: ABSTRACT PassageIndex: 1

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive, Functional

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses the HER3 V855A somatic mutation's role in the development and progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), indicating its contribution to tumor behavior. Predictive: The text mentions that HER-targeted inhibitors potently suppress mutant HER3 activity, suggesting a correlation between the V855A variant and response to targeted therapies. Functional: The passage states that in silico computational modeling predicts that the V855A mutation alters the kinase domain and c-terminal end of the HER3 protein, indicating a change in molecular function.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    20. Taken together, these data suggest that the V855A mutation alters the activity of HER3, which may correlate with a malignant phenotype.

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 26

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage indicates that the V855A mutation alters the activity of HER3, which relates to its molecular function. Oncogenic: The mention of the V855A mutation correlating with a malignant phenotype suggests that it contributes to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    21. To elucidate and predict the impact of mutant V855A on the conformation of the wild-type HER3, protein modeling was performed via the automated I-TASSER server. Server predicted models were further refined by submitting

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 25

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the V855A mutation alters the conformation of the wild-type HER3 protein, indicating a change in molecular function related to the kinase domain.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    22. Impact of V855A on HER3 protein structure

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 24

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses the impact of the V855A variant on HER3 protein structure, indicating that it alters molecular or biochemical function.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    23. We further examined the effects of the inhibitors on HER-related signaling activity and survival using the Ba/F3 model system. Afatinib (100nmol/L) potently inhibited NRG1beta-induced phosphorylation of HER3, wild type H

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 23

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive

      Justification: Predictive: The passage indicates that tumors harboring HER3-V855A may predict response to targeted therapy, suggesting a correlation between the variant and treatment response.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    24. To assess the effect of the inhibitors on colony formation, Ba/F3 co-transfectants were seeded onto methyl-cellulose and treated with HER inhibitors in the presence of NRG1beta. As shown in Fig 6b, afatinib (100 nmol/L)

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 22

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Oncogenic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the effectiveness of HER inhibitors on colony formation in the presence of the V855A variant, indicating a correlation with response to therapy. Oncogenic: The V855A variant is mentioned in the context of colony formation assays, suggesting it contributes to tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    25. To investigate whether HER3-V855A can be therapeutically targeted; we examined the growth inhibitory effects of inhibitors targeting the extracellular and kinase domain of the HER receptors. These inhibitors include: erl

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 21

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Functional

      Justification: Predictive: The passage discusses the growth inhibitory effects of various inhibitors on cells expressing the HER3-V855A variant, indicating a correlation between the variant and response to specific therapies, such as afatinib and erlotinib. Functional: The variant HER3-V855A is examined in the context of its effect on cell growth and response to inhibitors, suggesting that it alters the molecular function of the HER3 receptor in relation to drug sensitivity.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    26. To further confirm that the V855A mutation provides increased activity to HER3 through enhanced physical interaction with HER2, we performed co-immunoprecipitaton experiments on Ba/F3 co-transfectants stimulated with or

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 19

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the V855A mutation alters the physical interaction between HER3 and HER2, indicating a change in molecular function through enhanced interaction, which is supported by co-immunoprecipitation experiments.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    27. Tyrosine trans-phosphorylation is a major event in HER signaling. To examine if HER3-V855A enhances trans-phosphorylation of HER2, we performed immunoblot analysis on Ba/F3 and HEK 293Tlysates after 16hr incubation in se

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 16

      Evidence Type(s): Functional

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the HER3-V855A variant enhances trans-phosphorylation of HER2, indicating an alteration in molecular function related to signaling pathways.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    28. We next examined the effect of chronic treatment with NRG1beta on HER3/HER2 phosphorylation and their downstream targets AKT and ERK 1/2 in the Ba/F3 co-transfectants. As shown in Figure 3e, a five-day chronic treatment

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 14

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the V855A variant alters the phosphorylation levels of HER3 and AKT, indicating a change in molecular function related to signaling pathways. Oncogenic: The text implies that the V855A variant contributes to transforming activity, suggesting its role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    29. We also investigated the functional relevance of stable Ba/F3 transfectants co-expressing HER3-V855A and EGFR (Supplemental Fig. 1a). While Ba/F3 cells co-expressing HER3-V855A and EGFR exerted a robust growth response t

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 13

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses the functional relevance of the HER3-V855A variant, indicating that it alters the growth response of Ba/F3 cells when co-expressed with EGFR, demonstrating a change in molecular function related to TGFalpha treatment. Oncogenic: The passage implies that the HER3-V855A mutation has pathogenic effects, suggesting a role in tumor development or progression, particularly in the context of its interaction with EGFR and response to growth factors.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    30. To assess the ability of HER3-V855A to form colonies we performed a methyl cellulose-based colony formation assay. As shown in Fig 3c & 3d, while NRG1beta treatment did not induce an increase in colony number between the

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 12

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses the ability of the HER3-V855A variant to alter colony size in response to treatment, indicating a change in molecular or biochemical function. Oncogenic: The variant HER3-V855A is implicated in colony formation, which suggests its role in tumor development or progression.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    31. To determine the transforming potential of HER3-V855A in the context of IL-3 -independent growth, Ba/F3 transfectants were grown in the absence or presence of IL-3, or HER cognate ligands (neuregulin1beta (NRG1beta) or t

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 11

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Functional

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses the transforming potential of the HER3-V855A variant in the context of IL-3-independent growth, indicating that this somatic variant contributes to tumor development or progression as evidenced by the growth response in Ba/F3 cells. Functional: The variant HER3-V855A alters the growth response of Ba/F3 cells when stimulated with NRG1beta, demonstrating a change in molecular function related to HER3/HER2 biological activity.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    32. HER3 has been described as a contributor to oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis, particularly when combined with its HER2 dimerization partner. Therefore, we hypothesized that the HER3 kinase mutation may cause a

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 10

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Functional

      Justification: Oncogenic: The passage discusses the HER3-V855A variant in the context of oncogenic transformation and tumorigenesis, indicating that it may contribute to tumor development when co-expressed with HER2. Functional: The study investigates the functional impact of the HER3-V855A variant in a cellular model, focusing on its properties and effects on cell behavior in a controlled environment.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 324:V855A

      Genes: 324

      Variants: V855A

    33. To analyze the location and significance of the novel HER3-V855A mutation, we performed protein sequence alignment of exon 21 of the EGFR and HER3. Although, the amino acid at position 855 in HER3 is not conserved relati

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 8

      Evidence Type(s): Functional, Oncogenic

      Justification: Functional: The passage discusses how the V855A mutation may have a functional effect by altering protein kinase activity, as indicated by its position in a conserved sequence motif and its analysis through structural studies. Oncogenic: The mention of the BRAF-L597V mutation being classified as an intermediate kinase active variant that increases ERK activation suggests that the V855A mutation may contribute to tumor development or progression through its functional implications.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 673:L597V 1956:L858 1956:L858R 324:V855 324:V855A

      Genes: 673 1956 324

      Variants: L597V L858 L858R V855 V855A

    34. EGFR pathogenic mutations sensitize in varying degrees to inhibition by small molecule TKIs. These mutations include both class I short in-frame deletions and class II missense mutations. One of these mutations, the L858

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 7

      Evidence Type(s): Predictive, Diagnostic

      Justification: Predictive: The passage states that the L858R mutation sensitizes to inhibition by small molecule TKIs, indicating a correlation with response to therapy. Diagnostic: The L858R mutation is described as having the highest prevalence among activating EGFR kinase domain missense mutations, which suggests its use in defining or classifying a subtype of disease.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 1956:L858R

      Genes: 1956

      Variants: L858R

    35. A single arm multicenter phase II clinical study initiated in 2006 (FIELT1 study; NCT00339586) was coordinated by our department to evaluate the safety and efficacy of first-line erlotinib in patients with advanced NSCLC

      [Paragraph-level] PMCID: PMC4823091 Section: RESULTS PassageIndex: 5

      Evidence Type(s): Oncogenic, Predictive

      Justification: Oncogenic: The HER3-V855A mutation was detected in the tumor sample, indicating that it is a somatic variant contributing to tumor development or progression. Predictive: The passage discusses the treatment of patients with advanced NSCLC with erlotinib based on the presence of an EGFR mutation, suggesting a correlation between the mutation and response to therapy.

      Gene→Variant (gene-first): 2065:T-to-C 324:V855A 324:p. Val855Ala 324:valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 855

      Genes: 2065 324

      Variants: T-to-C V855A p. Val855Ala valine (GTG) to alanine (GCG) at codon 855