Crises there will continue to be. In meeting them, whether foreign or domestic, great or small, there is a recurring temptation to feel that some spectacular and costly action could become the miraculous solution to all current difficulties.

crystallized for me the notion that there is no freedom without political equality.

My day students wanted to know what it meant for Antigone, as a woman, to stand up for herself in the male-dominated world of ancient Greece. My night students wanted to know whether Antigone's cour-age was something they could learn from to stand up for themselves, for instance, with their bosses

HEN

The implication is that decisions reached in this way must command respect. If citizenship is invoked in the defence of rights, the corresponding duties of citizenship cannot be ignored. These do not require a man to sacrifice his individual liberty or to submit without question to every demand made by government.

The general effect of sodal insurance, when connned to an income group, was similar. It differed in that there was no means test. Contribution gave a right to benent. But, broadly speaking, the income of the group was raised by the excess of benents over total expenditure by the group in contributions and additional taxes, and the in-co me gap between this group and those above it was there-by reduced.

It is true that dass still functions. Social inequality is regareled as necessary and purposeful. I t provides the incentive to effort and designs the distribution of power. But there is no over-all pattern of inequality,

Its evolution involved a double process, of fusion and of separation. The fusion was geographical, the separation functional. The first important step dates from the twelfth century, when royal justice was established with effective power to define and defend the civil rights of the indi-vidual-such as they then were--on the basis, not of local custom, but of the cOlnmon law of the land.

I can command, eYery-thing that serves to perpetuo.te slavery-the great tiin and shame of America

I remembe

Oppression makes a wise man mad. Your fathers were wise men

'I hrec score years and ten is the allotted time for in-dividual-me11;

That I am here to-day, is, to me, a matter of :lbtonishment as well as of gratitude.

we behold a republicanremedy for the diseases most incident to republican government. And according to the degree of pleasure and pride we feel in being republicans,

as each representative will be chosen by a greater numberof citizens in the large than in the small republic, it will be more difficult for unworthy candidates to practice with success the vicious arts

A republic,

pure democracy, by which I mean a society consisting of a small number of citizens,

action cannot be removed

So strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual animosities,

he protection of these faculties isthe first object of government

Liberty is to faction what air is to fire,

By a faction, I understand a number of citizens, whether amounting to a majority or a minority of the whole, who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adversed to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community

The

there willbe some difference between the magistrate citizenandthe bourgeoiscitizen;

Hobbes

The

One

UMDL Texts homeLogin Your bookbag has 0 itemsHomeSearchBrowseBookbagHelpAdd to bookbagTitle:CitizenOriginal Title:CitoyenVolume and Page:Vol. 3 (1753), pp. 488–489Author:Denis DiderotTranslator:Sujaya Dhanvantari [University of Alberta]Subject terms:Ancient historyModern historyPublic lawOriginal Version (ARTFL):LinkAvailability:This text is protected by copyright and may be linked to without seeking permission.Please see http://quod.lib.umich.edu/d/did/terms.html for information onreproduction.URL:http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0000.070Citation (MLA):Diderot, Denis. "Citizen." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert CollaborativeTranslation Project.Translated by Sujaya Dhanvantari. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing,University of Michigan Library, 2005. Web. [fill in today's date in the form 18 Apr. 2009and remove square brackets]. <http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0000.070>.Trans. of "Citoyen," Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et desmétiers,vol. 3. Paris, 1753.Citation (Chicago):Diderot, Denis. "Citizen." The Encyclopedia of Diderot & d'Alembert CollaborativeTranslation Project.Translated by Sujaya Dhanvantari. Ann Arbor: Michigan Publishing,University of Michigan Library, 2005.http://hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.did2222.0000.070 (accessed [fill in today's date in theform April 18, 2009 and remove square brackets]). Originally published as "Citoyen,"Encyclopédie ou Dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers,3:488–489 (Paris, 1753).Citizen

You, their survivors, must determine to have as unaltering a resolution in the field, though you may pray that it may have a happier outcome.

instead of looking on discussion as a stumbling-block in the way of action, we think it an indispensable preliminary to any wise action at all.

And I could have wished that the reputations of many brave men were not to be imperiled in the mouth of a single individual, to stand or fall according as he spoke well or ill.