many slow-growing living trees between 150–370 years old that contradict the common understanding that cottonwoods grow fast and die young.

in western North Dakota using plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera) growing on the relatively undisturbed floodplain of the Little Missouri River in the North Unit of Theodore Roosevelt National Park.

In eastern cottonwood cuttings, conductivity loss increased sharply below water potentials of –1.0 MPa, with 100% loss of conductivity occurring by –2.0

A new 368-year tree-ring chronology (A.D. 1643–2010) has been developed in western North Dakota using plains cottonwood (Populus deltoides subsp. monilifera)