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    1. Training on fields themselves forces the model to learn the physics that produces S-parameters, rather than learning to approximate the mapping directly.

      这是文章最深刻的洞见之一。仅基于S参数训练模型会使其寻找统计捷径,导致在分布外产生自信但错误的预测。而基于场训练,则是让模型学习产生S参数的底层物理原因,而非仅拟合表象映射。这种从“果”到“因”的范式转移,是实现泛化的关键。