shift in mindsets and framing of issues.

climate finance or aid from advanced industrialized countries to historically exploited and impov-erished post-colonial countries should not be considered charity or philanthropy, but rather as accountability and respon-sibility

critical climate justice can only be achieved through working with others in collectives, both local and international

There are no easy or quick fixes in pursuing critical climate justice

Moving away from victim narratives orfetishising resilience narratives to co-constructions and partnerships are necessary

Vulnerable communities are not homogenous; instead, they are gendered inter-sectionally (by class, race, Indigeneity, migrant status, etc.)

They have raised awareness of theimportance of paying attention to the differential gendered burdens and harms worldwide

Some scholars have argued that wealthier countries owe post-colonial countries a climate debt due to historical and con-temporary unequal ecological exchange and the colonization of the atmosphere by colonial and imperial states

The numbers of deaths, losses, displacements, and re-covery costs have only compounded across frontline communities.

Climate justice approaches seek to expose the root causes of climate change to address and dismantle these systemicissues and structures in different ways

Accountability and obligations, as well as ethics and human rights,are integral to climate justice

Praxis means theoretically informed practice with reflection, one wherethere are continual feedbacks and integrations.

Historical and geographical differences are highlighted and brought to the forefront in dis-cussing climate justice. Colonialism, capitalism, and globalization are imbricated in the production of uneven climateinjustices, and critiques of these interlocking systems are increasingly included in climate justice scholarship

A climate justice approach focuses on who benefits, who loses out, in what ways, where, andwhy. It is an explanatory tool that helps better explain the relationships at different scales that co-create and maintaininjustices

The goals are to reduce marginalization, exploitation, andoppression, and enhance equity and justice.

that drastic and rapidresponse to climate change is possible.

While IPCC assessments over several decades have warned how rapidly climate change has been occurring and theincreasing need to halt rising global temperatures, action has been tragically slow

TheNAS report, scheduled to be released in mid-2020, is expected to propose a research agendaand suggest research governance approaches laying the groundwork for US federal fundingof solar geoengineering research

stablishing an external advis-ory board to legitimize their plans for outdoor field experiments