35 Matching Annotations
  1. Oct 2016
    1. Lefebvre was deeply critical of the totalitarian statesocialism that came to exist in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and China. Many of his peers, suchas Cornelius Castoriadis, Guy Debord, Gilles Deleuze, Felix Guattari, and Michel Foucault, wereall appalled by Stalinism, both in the Soviet Union and in the French Communist Party of the time.As a result, the work of all these thinkers is as much a reaction against the state and bureaucraticdomination as it is against capitalism. So it is important to be clear just what Lefebvre understoodsocialism to be. It is not at all a bureaucratic socialism in which the state is seized and dominated

      its crazy what his mind set was at such a time of communist over taking.

    2. Their mission statement acknowledges Lefebvre as an influence as well as the tradition ofhuman rights

      it is as simple as let every be equal and have the same rights that we should be born with.

    3. The mostdeveloped example of this strategy is in the United States, where the national Right to the CityAlliance4brings together community-based organizations in an effort to achieve a wider scalarimpact on various urban problems. Member of Community-Based Organizations (CBOs) work onissues such as gentrification, environmental justice, homelessness, cultural preservation, juvenilejustice, and the well-being of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) youth.

      USA is a melting pot we all come together for one cause.

    4. oal is clearly to eventually establish these rights as formal legal protections guaranteed by the state.In addition to the Charter for Women’s Right to the City and the Montreal Charter, there are manysimilar initiatives working in this human rights vein. These include the Mexico City Charter for theRight to the City (Wigle & Zarate, 2010), the European Charter for Safeguarding Human Rights inthe City,1the World Charter of the Right to the City,2the Global Charter-Agenda for Human Rightsin the City advanced by a group called United Cities and Local Governments,3

      these are way for the government to get everyone involved and proactive in their community.

    5. Equal accessfor women to the power and resources of government will result in important material gains forpeople who are currently discriminated against.

      I love this idea of equality everyone can controbue no matter what they are!

    6. Sometimes the right to the city is advanced by the United Na-tions (UN) itself,

      a certain group deems if a city has a right or not.

    7. burgeoning

      growing at a rapid paste.

    8. So Lefebvre sees a struggle for new rights and a new contract as initiating a “renewal of politicallife” that sets us on a path, moving toward a horizon, toward a possible world beyond the stateand beyond capitalism

      When you struggle you find more ways o better your environment

    9. The law thus means that the Brazilian state must recognize explicitly that urbanspace serves a complex social function in addition to its economic function. However, it does not seekto move beyond property rights; it merely seeks to balance the interests of property owners

      They are more worried about property value than safety??

    10. The goal is to encourage urban policies that promote justice, sustainability, andinclusion in cities.

      they want the urban community to help the police out by patrolling each other

  2. Sep 2016
    1. The college experience is a stimulating and demanding time in a student’s life where a multitude of curricular and extra-curricular situations require frequent and heavy use of direct, focused attention and concentration (Wentworth & Middleton, 2014). Thus, university students as a group are at a higher risk of attentional fatigue.

      School I feel is stressful depending on how good your time management is, your financial situation, and your work ethic.

    2. As an influential landscape designer of early campuses, Fredrick Law Olmstead worked with the philosophy that the physical landscape features had a direct impact on shaping human behavior

      So what is the difference in behavior of students in the urban universities opposed to schools with a lot more nature?

    3. Campus construction was sparse during the Depression and World War II of the 1930s and 1940s. A dramatic post-war increase in student enrollment - 2.5 million to 7 million from 1955 to 1970 (Bowman, 2011)

      This is a perfect example of 'Guns and Butter". During the war not many people were involved in school, but after the war the government puts its focus into education.

    4. reconceptualize

      Meaning to re think the whole process over again.

    5. We also recognize that outdoor class instruction is not suited or appropriate for all academic domains.

      I would not be able to focus in an outdoor learning experience their would way to much going on around me.

    6. Direct attention is, therefore, an important cognitive skill required on a daily basis for students processing multiple sources of information, and working towards their academic goals at universities. After a period of prolonged cognitive demands and mental saturation, difficulties in concentrating, reduced performance on tasks, higher rates of irritability and tension, and more impulsive and hostile behavior may arise

      I feel this is one of the hardest things for me to do I get so side tracked when i start working on something.

    7. we expand the campus ‘learning environment’ to also include a university’s open space, we also include in our definition of nature, the concept of a “landscape.”

      why would nature change a student learning enviormenrt?

    8. “that open space must be treated as a scarce resource” (

      This reminds me of how GSU uses every inch in the city to make a new building.

    9. holistic landscape

      Meaning all of the buildings and landscape come together as one unit.

    10. Well-designed and connected networks of indoor and open spaces on campuses can be key, yet typically overlooked catalysts,

      For example on campus our library is so close to most of our classes that we are more influenced to go there to study.

    11. holistic

      The meaning that all parts of something must interconnect.

    12. Student grass-root efforts of the 1970s and the college campus sustainability movement that began with the first Earth Day, increased public awareness that environmental protection is a critical issue.

      This doesn't apply to many urban campuses now, At gsu we rarely even see trees.

    13. The advent of land-grant institutions through the Morrill Act of 1862 required new buildings to be built with laboratories and observatory space for agricultural, technical education, and scientific research

      My previous college had to go through reconstruction because of this.

  3. Aug 2016
    1. anecdotal evidence of the architect’s

      More of an opinionated fact no type of real ground to the accusation. rhetoric at its finest.

    2. seful[ly]” decided to route highways through the center of cities, often with the intent “to destroy low-income and especially black neighborhoods in an effort to reshape the physical and racial landscapes of the postwar American city.”153 Although this w

      If you cut off these poor communities access to the outer city they can not grow and will stay in the same oppression and eventually die out.

    3. ses tools of exclusion such as racially restrictive covenants and exclusionary zoning, never does it men

      I wonder if this is the same zoning the APD uses in Atlanta??

    4. ing as a ‘neutral’ design.”54 Indeed, some c

      Their isn't because no one has put forward the effort to try it.

    5. ionary suburbs are spatial entities; . . . access, exclusion, confinement . . . are spatial experiences.58 For example, Li

      The projects are a prime example of this segregation.

    6. which, if the intent were clear, would not be permissible today

      I pose the question, does this type of discrimination go on still and we turn the other cheek?

    7. Instead of garnering support to pass a law banning poor people or people of color from the places in which he did not want them

      He wanted to use a subliminal approach to be discriminate rather than be out right with it.

    8. Moses’s biographer suggests that his decision to favor upper- and middle-class white people who owned cars at the expense of the poor and African-Americans was due to his “social-class bias and racial prejudice.”83

      simply being put he was a person who discriminated on poor people and African Americans.He wanted people of similar statue to be together and not intertwine with others.

    9. paradigmatic

      meaning "a prime example or model of something."

    10. Yet the bench may have been created this way to prevent people—often homeless people—from lying down and taking naps.

      Why won't the government build more shelters and enrichment programs to help the homeless out and clean the streets? it shows how much the city, state, and government puts into thought about how they feel about the less fortune.

    11. The first two methods of discrimination have received sustained attention from legal scholars; the third form, which I refer to as architecture, has not. This Part departs from tradition by focusing on architecture instead of ordinances and social norms.

      Their is still a subliminal way the government goes about hiding racism and segregation . The architecture of building cities is a way we can still be segregated with out the government having to face discrimination claims.

    12. Bridges were designed to be so low that buses could not pass under them in order to prevent people of color from accessing a public beach.

      This could be used as a prime example of how the government can oppress the people of color subliminally.