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11. Transform plate boundaries divide ___ into segments.
tectonic plates
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10. ___ is an example of a transform boundary.
San Andreas Fault
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9. What are the three types of major plate boundaries?
Divergent boundaries, Convergent boundaries, Transform boundaries.
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8. In which layer of Earth are plate-moving convection currents located?
Plate-moving convection currents are located in the mantle of the Earth.
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7. Two tectonic plates come together at a plate ___.
boundary.
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6. Seafloor spreading pushes older seafloor outward, and new seafloor is created at a ___.
mid ocean ridge.
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5. ___ within the earth's mantle causes the plates to move.
convection
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4. When material in the mantle is heated at Earth's core, it rises towards Earth's surface. As it rises, it cools, moves laterally, becomes denser, and sinks, creating a ___ cell.
convection
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3. Seafloor spreading occurs at ___ boundaries.
divergent
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2. Where are the oldest oceanic rocks found?
The oldest oceanic rocks are found at the edges of ocean basins.
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1. ___ is the artificial process by which salt water is converted to fresh water.
Desalination
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Why are earthquakes at the San Andreas Fault so large? /*<![CDATA[*/#mt-toc-container {display: none !important;}/*]]>*//*<![CDATA[*/ $(function() { if(!window['autoDefinitionList']){ window['autoDefinitionList'] = true; $('dl').find('dt').on('click', function() { $(this).next().toggle('350'); }); } });/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { $('iframe').on('load', function () { $(this).iFrameResize({ warningTimeout: 0, scrolling: 'omit' }); }) })/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/ var front = "auto"; if(front=="auto"){ front = "5.13: Transform Plate Boundaries"; if(front.includes(":")){ front = front.split(":")[0]; if(front.includes(".")){ front = front.split("."); front = front.map((int)=>int.includes("0")?parseInt(int,10):int).join("."); } front+="."; } else { front = ""; } } front = front.replace(/_/g," "); MathJaxConfig = { TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "all", formatNumber: function (n) { if(false){ return front + (Number(n)+false); } else{return front + n; } } }, macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, Macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } } } }; MathJax.Hub.Config(MathJaxConfig); MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End", ()=>{if(activateBeeLine)activateBeeLine()}); /*]]>*/
Earthquakes at the San Andreas Fault are so large due to the significant stress buildup from the sliding motion of tectonic plates.
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Why are transform faults prone to massive earthquakes?
Transform faults are prone to massive earthquakes because of the stress from plates sliding past each other.
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What is the direction of plate motion at a transform plate boundary?
Plates slide past each other horizontally at a transform plate boundary.
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How did continental rifting play into the breakup of Pangaea? /*<![CDATA[*/#mt-toc-container {display: none !important;}/*]]>*//*<![CDATA[*/ $(function() { if(!window['autoDefinitionList']){ window['autoDefinitionList'] = true; $('dl').find('dt').on('click', function() { $(this).next().toggle('350'); }); } });/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { $('iframe').on('load', function () { $(this).iFrameResize({ warningTimeout: 0, scrolling: 'omit' }); }) })/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/ var front = "auto"; if(front=="auto"){ front = "5.12: Divergent Plate Boundaries"; if(front.includes(":")){ front = front.split(":")[0]; if(front.includes(".")){ front = front.split("."); front = front.map((int)=>int.includes("0")?parseInt(int,10):int).join("."); } front+="."; } else { front = ""; } } front = front.replace(/_/g," "); MathJaxConfig = { TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "all", formatNumber: function (n) { if(false){ return front + (Number(n)+false); } else{return front + n; } } }, macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, Macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } } } }; MathJax.Hub.Config(MathJaxConfig); MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End", ()=>{if(activateBeeLine)activateBeeLine()}); /*]]>*/
Continental rifting caused Pangaea to break apart into smaller landmasses by stretching and thinning the crust.
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What is happening to the Baja California peninsula?
The Baja California peninsula is gradually moving northwest away from the mainland, creating the Gulf of California.
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How is a divergent plate boundary on land different from one in the ocean?
On land divergent boundaries form rift valleys; in the ocean, they form mid-ocean ridges.
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What is formed at a divergent boundary? /*<![CDATA[*/#mt-toc-container {display: none !important;}/*]]>*//*<![CDATA[*/ $(function() { if(!window['autoDefinitionList']){ window['autoDefinitionList'] = true; $('dl').find('dt').on('click', function() { $(this).next().toggle('350'); }); } });/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/window.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', function () { $('iframe').on('load', function () { $(this).iFrameResize({ warningTimeout: 0, scrolling: 'omit' }); }) })/*]]>*/ /*<![CDATA[*/ var front = "auto"; if(front=="auto"){ front = "5.11: Divergent Plate Boundaries in the Ocean"; if(front.includes(":")){ front = front.split(":")[0]; if(front.includes(".")){ front = front.split("."); front = front.map((int)=>int.includes("0")?parseInt(int,10):int).join("."); } front+="."; } else { front = ""; } } front = front.replace(/_/g," "); MathJaxConfig = { TeX: { equationNumbers: { autoNumber: "all", formatNumber: function (n) { if(false){ return front + (Number(n)+false); } else{return front + n; } } }, macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, Macros: { PageIndex: ["{"+front+" #1}",1], test: ["{"+front+" #1}",1] }, SVG: { linebreaks: { automatic: true } } } }; MathJax.Hub.Config(MathJaxConfig); MathJax.Hub.Register.StartupHook("End", ()=>{if(activateBeeLine)activateBeeLine()}); /*]]>*/
New crust is formed at a divergent boundary.
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How fast does divergence occur?
Divergence occurs at a rate of approximately 1 to 20 centimeters per year.
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What erupts on the ocean floor?
Magma erupts on the ocean floor.
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How is new crust created?
New crust is created at divergent boundaries where tectonic plates pull apart, allowing magma to rise and turn solid.
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What causes divergence?
Tectonic forces and mantle convection.
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How does a continent break apart to form an ocean basin?
Continental rifting stretches and thins the crust, forming rift valleys that widen.
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How does a convection cell in the mantle lead to volcanism at the mid-ocean ridge?
Convection cells in the mantle cause hot magma to rise, leading to volcanic activity at mid-ocean ridges.
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In what direction are the plates moving at a divergent plate boundary?
At a divergent plate boundary, the tectonic plates are moving away from each other.
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- Nov 2024
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flexbooks.ck12.org flexbooks.ck12.org
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What is the continental drift hypothesis?
The continental drift hypothesis was that the continents were once part of a single large landmass called Pangaea. Over time, it broke apart and drifted apart.
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What was the response to Wegener's hypothesis?
It was rejected by the scientific community.
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What evidence did Wegener find for Pangaea?
Alfred Wegener found evidence such as the fit of the continents, identical fossils on different continents, past climatic conditions, and paleoclimatic data to support the existence of Pangaea..
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Describe how Wegener used each type of evidence to support his idea.
He used fossil evidence
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Who was Alfred Wegener?
Alfred Wegener was a German geophysicist who made the theory of continental drift. He said that the continents were once joined in a supercontinent called Pangaea and have since drifted apart.
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What evidence did Wegener have to support his idea?
Wegener observed that the coastlines of continents such as South America and Africa fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
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What did he need to do to explore the question and make it into a hypothesis?
He needed to gather research and evidence. He needed climate, fossil, and geological evidence.
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What was the scientific question that Wegener asked?
The scientific question was whether the continents were joined together and then drifted apart.
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