17 Matching Annotations
  1. Mar 2022
    1. At some point in your schooling, you were almost certainly introduced to verb tenses

      I have actually never been formally taught verb tenses because the teachers of that year assumed that our teachers prior had already taught the concept. I've just picked up patterns in what other people said and associated certain variations of those verbs (which you would call 'past' or 'present' tense) with the actions that were done and what time the event was.

    2. In short, will is consistent with present-tense verbs and inconsistent with past-tense verbs.

      Are there any exceptions in which 'will' or 'would' can be used with a verb of the opposite tense?

    1. diagram

      How come the Prepositional Phrase isn't its own thing here? Normally the preposition would be the head of its own prepositional phrase that's an adjct to the Verb Phrase and containing the Noun Phrase as a comp, no?

    2. *My kids always want to Disneyland.

      I see how this is definitely an incorrect sentence to say, but I notice how me and my friends say this style of phrasing especially when we want to play a certain game together, and usually we would say "Yo let's go and [name of game]." It doesn't make sense, but to us we understand exactly what we mean.

    1. At this point, you may be ready to assume that Garth’s actually is a determiner, but that conclusion leads to some unfortunate consequences. First, we would have to say that any noun could change its part of speech simply by adding the genitive inflection. In other words, the category of determiner, which we have already described as containing a small number of words that have a principally grammatical function becomes an open-ended set. Further, this slot isn’t just occupied by genitive nouns. It can be occupied by entire phrases

      So instead of Garth's reply being a determiner, it's called a genitive as an alternative?

    1. it fills the same grammatical role: subject complement

      So could it be thought about in a way how Coordinating Conjunctions serve a purpose in its function; in other words, establish some kind of equal emphasis between two things but instead serve to compliment the main phrase in the sentence?

  2. Feb 2022
    1. computers is a noun in a phrase with no attributes. It is a noun phrase all by itself. In sentence (6), naïve is a one-word adjective phrase.

      If my understanding is right, computers is a noun phrase because it refers to a whole group of that object? Similarly, is naïve an adjective phrase because the adjective can be expanded to multiple words in its definition?

    1. cardinal (one, two, three, etc.) and ordinal (first, second, third, etc.)

      Although not necessary, I feel as if there can be an easier approach to remembering the difference between cardinals and ordinals. Where cardinals are just regular numbers to quantify a noun that is stated, and ordinals can be thought about like placements that describe the noun that is stated. This way, ordinals aren't confused as determiners as cardinals are (if my understanding is correct)

    2. (27) She asked me whether it was raining

      I think it'd be a helpful tip to explain why this sentence in particular has a subordinating conjunction rather than using the word listed as a subordinator. I didn't have the chance to ask in class but a way to think about it can be if one clause is dependent on the other. In this example, I can perceive the sentence as 'the weather being stated' due to the 'person asking.'

    1. Differences between Speech and Writing

      I know that this is discussing the differences between the two main methods of communication, with speech being able to convey feeling in its messages and writing being able to keep connections between people over far distances, but wouldn't phone/video calls be a great substitute for everyone? In my opinion, it covers the flaws and compliments one another; it solves the issues of those who can't write and choose to speak directly to people and resolves the emotion that is missed in written messages with video calls(to capture their tone that is lost in writing).

    2. Phonology: The patterns of sounds in language.

      Since the formation in speech is formatted in such a way that we learn phonology -> morphology -> syntax -> semantics in order to eventually create sentences/questions/ideas, is phonology is the main component that creates the distinction in numerous dialects and/or accents in one language?

    1. Children can learn any language they are exposed to. Take a moment to consider how remarkable that ability is. If you put any infant born without developmental disabilities in any culture, that child will learn the language—or languages—he or she hears spoken. Ethnic origin makes no difference to this fluency. A child of Japanese parents raised by English speakers will grow up speaking fluent English. A child of European ancestry will learn to speak perfect Navajo if raised among Navajo speakers. And no special training is necessary. By the time children reach school age, they have already mastered the basic structures and vocabulary of their native language, even if their parents give them no special instruction.

      Connecting back to my annotation made in the Preface, this is the main reason why such structures should be changed to be more inclusive, not exclusive. Prominent in the U.S., people of many different cultures and backgrounds integrate into society which brings about the many varieties we have in the English Language. Children growing up with these variations shouldn't be punished in their academic careers for utilizing a language they've grown up with. Yes, I do believe schools should provide some means of teaching the form of 'Standard English,' but it should not be the only method of communicating ideas between one another. The system should reward everyone for the use of their native language, if they can clearly convey their ideas with meaning behind them, instead of being punished.

    1. And they had been taught implicitly to regard grammar as merely the surface polish of language rather than a productive way to create meaning.

      I mentioned this in class, but the use of rubrics reflect this behavior made by teachers when analyzing a student's writing. Following a set structure to convey certain ideas limits the creative leeway students can take in order to showcase that. Not everyone can make use of 'Standard English,' and so the structure should be expanded to cover the different variations of English that would welcome more concrete proposals in students' writings.