When a system is broken, we resort to improvised solutions, jury-rigged workarounds, hacks.

As O’Reilly discovered a long time ago, memes are for losers; the real money is in epistemes.

It was the growing popularity of “open source software” that turned O’Reilly into a national (and, at least in geek circles, international) figure. “Open source software” was also the first major rebranding exercise overseen by Team O’Reilly.

American Dream 2.0: start a company, disrupt an industry, coin a buzzword

There’s a way in which the O’Reilly brand essence is ultimately a story about the hacker as hero, the kid who is playing with technology because he loves it, but one day falls into a situation where he or she is called on to go forth and change the world,” he wrote in 2012. B

Plotinus from their Pliny.

analytical precision as “open source,” “Web 2.0,” “government as a platform,” and “architecture of participation.” O’Reilly doesn’t coin all of h

discuss technology was entirely predictable. That the conceptual imperialism of Silicon Valley would also pollute the rest of our vocabulary wasn’t.

from wiki-everything to i-something, from e-nothing to open-anything

Old, trusted words no longer mean what they used to mean; often, they don’t mean anything at all. Our language, much like everything these days, has been hacked.

ur real problems on its own. There's still no substitute for organizing more power in more communitie

"Shut down government programs as you fund redistrib

We are at the beginning of the time where machines will do a lot of the things humans have traditionally done,

After one speaker enumerated the security problems of a promising successor to Bitcoin, the economics blogger Steve Randy Waldman got up to speak about "engineering

Like any circuit, miners give off heat when they're operating. Bitcoin miners are designed to run at full power all the time, which means they give off a lot of heat.Enthusiasts like to emphasize the impressive math involved in keeping Bitcoin secure, but what really holds the whole enterprise together is game theory based on the assumption that the participants are rational actors. The Bitcoin system thus relies on  mathematics, computer science, economics—and anthropology.The exact amount is tricky to compute, because the efficiency of individual miner varies, and each locale in which they operate draws power from different sources at different levels of expense.A hash is the work it takes to solve an equation in the Bitcoin mining process; a gigahash is a billion of them.

ates called it “better than currency.” But  the Bitcoin revolution has begun to look more and more like the

Bitcoin-based charity in Florida bought a nine-acre forest as a sanctuary for the homeless, and Wired deemed Bitcoin “the great equalizer” for its potential to put financial services in

I feel like a martyr—a Bitcoin marty

ues its free fall from a high of over $1,100 in late 2013 to less than $250 today; the 25

ining” is the engine that keeps the Bitcoin network working, but it has swelled into a resource-hungry, capital-intensive, centralized syndicate. Is the Internet's native currency worth all the effort?

by the U.S. army, is a powerful recruitment tool for the military. These games are literally sending people to war

Bitcoin has been more widely adopted in Argentina because of the country’s high inflation rate and capital controls that make it difficult to buy foreign currency. Bitcoin became very relevant in this context. It became an efficient way to send money a

All makers face this problem. Prices are determined by supply and demand, and there is just not as much demand for things that are fun to work on as there is for thing

ce had to leave a board meeting to have some cavities filled. I remember sitting back in the dentist's chair, waiting for the drill, and feeling like I was on vacation.

le running a company to pick these out. So instead of entrusting the future of the software to one brilliant hacker, most companies set things up so that it is designed by committee, and the hackers merely implement the design.

hackers identified with other makers, like writers and painters, they wouldn't feel tempted to do this. Writers and painters don't suffer from math envy. They feel as if they're doing something completely unrelated. So are hackers, I think.

You should figure out programs as you're writing them, just as writers and painters and architects do.

So, if hacking works like painting and writing, is it as cool? After all, you only get one life. You might as well spend it working on something great.

Perhaps one day "computer science" will, like Yugoslavia, get broken up into its component parts. That might be a good thing. Especially if it meant independence for my native land, hacking

It's as if mathematicians, physicists, and architects all had to be in the same department.

hacking was cold, precise, and methodical, and that painting was the frenzied expression of some primal urge.

We’d like to bu

"trying a bit too hard at times to get others to join me in a particular style of open discourse and conflict resolution"

o withdraw the talk upon request and without questioning the requester.

- including Shanley Kane, Ashe Dryden,

Elinor Ostrom Explained!)

strom claims that "all efforts to organize collective action, whether by an external ruler, an entrepreneur, or a set of principals who wish to gain collective benefits, must address a common set of problems." These problems are "coping with free-riding, solving commitment problems, arranging for the supply of new institutions, and monitoring individual compliance with sets of rules."

Hackerspaces worldwide use the internet to interact and hack for the weekend. Third weekend each mo

impending government antitrust suit over bundling (Swedin and Ferro 2005).Given the lack of legal restrictions on software, hackers and program

ricey (thirty thousand dollars) but popular " le management system that enabled businesses to

eavors in various " elds stretching from journalism to science.

s, many developers, armed with this legal consciousness, have questioned or directly protested the so- called harmonization (i.e., tighten-ing) of intellectual property law.

chie2 y motivated by a desire to ensure their pro-ductive freedom (and not by some com

excited (and puzzled) by the legal alternative it provided

treatment in the conclusion: the cultivation, among hackers, of a well- developed legal consciousness

here as two distinct trajectories that once existed independently but have come into direct con2 ict, especially over the last decade. The " rst trajectory pertains to free software’s matu

Free software hackers and enthusiasts have successfully secured a domain of legal autonomy for software production during an era of such unprecedented transformations in intellectual property law that critics have described it in ominous terms

On the other hand, if many people get GNU from their friends, and such companies don't succeed, this will show that advertising was not really necessary to spread GNU.

nvironment by encouraging all students to study and improve the system code. Harvard's computer lab used to have the policy that no program could be installed on the system if its sources were not on public display, and upheld it by actually refusing to install certain programs. I was very much inspired by this.

NU is written, everyone will be able to obtain good system software free, just like air.(3)

The fundamental act of friendship among programmers is the sharing of programs; marketing arrangements now typically used essentially forbid prog

GNU is not in the public domain. Everyone will be permitted to modify and redistribute GNU, but no distributor will be allowed to restrict its further redistribution.

ce the g in the word “

es in the 68000/16000 class with virtual memory, because they are the easiest machines to make it run on. The extra effort to make it run on smaller machin

deep secures

Well, he gave me another F on a theme." "I never get F's. If you'd read books once in a--"

"Well, let's do some fun. Any requests?" Georgie wanted something to get even with his old man, and I had a new routine cooking, but Lisa's eyes lit up 'cause Rayno handed the term to her, first. "I wanna burn Lewis," she said. "Oh fritz!" Georgie complained. "You did that last week!" "Well, he gave me another F on a theme." "I never get F's. If you'd read book

Rayno

ereotype of the punk hacker with a mohawk. That, and I named the beast, of course.

attracted like-minded pioneers

Not every artist's generation is in the lucky position of witnessing the birth of a new technology that has the potential to revolutionize

It was a bold move, because Shimomura was a respected security expert and a character almost as complex as Mitnick. A 30-year-old science geek, Shimomura w

sifting through trash,

was arrested five times for his digital trespassing, Mitnick wouldn't stop.

remember when I found python, back in the 1.52 days [1.52 refers to a version number].2 I was an unemployed slacker living in a student co- op. I’d sit in a (since disappeared) cafe in Berkeley and write reams of more or less useless code, simply for the joy of it. I’d reach some sort of transcendental state fueled by relevant whitespace, clear syntax, and pints of awfully strong, black coffee. In those days I " rst felt the pure abstract joy of programming in a powerful way— the ability to conjure these giant structures, manipulate them at will, have them contain and be contained by one another. I think I learned more in those couple of months, thanks to Google and a free ricochet connection, than in my previous years in CS [computer science].Eventually, however, it became clear I had to get a real job. Flaky freelance contracts which never paid sucked so hard. So, I hemmed and hawed and was con2 icted and " nally got a job, and it involved perl. It was, perhaps, a worst- case perl scenario. A very rapidly growing web-site, a few developers with vastly different styles, a lack of real commu

“counting the number of stars in the sky.” This code has a technical function, but within a community of peers, its performance is also a declaration and demonstration of the author’s savvy.

see that the Perl programmer has taken six lines of code and reduced them to a single line by taking advantag

often call “obfuscated”

Yes, I am a criminal. My crime is that of curiosity. My crime is that of judging people by what they say and think, not what they look like. My crime is that of outsmarting you, something that you will never forgive me for.

You bet your ass we're all alike... we've been spoon-fed baby food at school when we hungered for steak...

Damn kid. All he does is play games. They're all alike.

fteenth time how to reduce a fraction. I understand it. "No, Ms. Smith, I didn't show my work. I did it in my head..." Damn kid. Probably copied it. They're all alike.

Another one got caught today, it's all over the papers. "Teenager Arrested in Computer Crime Scandal", "Hacker Arrested after Bank Tampering"... Damn kids. They're all alike.