15 Matching Annotations
  1. Dec 2017
    1. What we have to consider here today while time remains, is the permanent prevention of war and the establishment of conditions of freedom and democracy as rapidly as possible in all countries. Our difficulties and dangers will not be removed by closing our eyes to them.

      I think what's remarkable about these two sentences, is that it so clearly presents a Churchill who is set on preventing another conflict that could effect Britain abroad and domestically, like the second world war had. We don't see a call of aggression, but rather a call for unity within the western powers. The west could not simply ignore the Soviet threat, because doing so could propel the world into another global war. Churchill knew this, and this line was essential in conveying that to the public.

    2. LEN DEIGHTON: BERLIN GAME (1983)

      Len Deighton authored several trilogies of spy novels in the 1980's and 1990's, that follow the exploits of British Secret Intelligence Serviceman Bernard Samson. We know that Samson is the narrator of this passage, involving an encounter with Werner Volkamann. Deighton is regarded as making the genre of spy fiction popular amidst the public. He began writing the genre in the 1960's, but his Berlin Game trilogy was the most successful. The plot involves Samson's attempts to uncover a Soviet double agent within the ranks of the British Secret Intelligence Service.

  2. Nov 2017
    1. delayed action bomb

      Not only were explosive that detonated upon impact commonly used in the bombing of Britain, but so were these delayed action bombs. Such a device could be deployed, and would not explode upon impact, while the fuse remained live. Their use was common on both the RAF airfields, and civilian targets alike. Bomb disposal units, normally civilian run, became necessary. Defusing the devices was extremely risky, and costly to civilian life.

    2. civilian defence force

      Civil defence forces were one of the most intriguing reactions of British society to the war. Mr. Smith is obviously a member of such an organization. Most likely an auxiliary emergency service group. Often times, these citizens were the first to the scene. Other organizations included The Royal Observer Corps, which observed and identified types of enemy aircraft, and relayed such information to the RAF. Other organizations included the Home Guard, comprised of volunteers too young or too old to serve in the military. They prepared for possible invasion, and while weapons were in short supply, they made do with household objects. The Woman's Voluntary Service was another example of such an organization, and saw women running mass kitchens, caring families dsiplaced by bombings, and driving ambulances.

    1. ANDREW URE

      Ure was an upper class, educated chemist and mechanical engineer. He was published and regarded in areas of practical chemistry, geology, physics, and mechanics. This work, The Philosophy of Manufactures was published in 1835, and addresses the four primary textile industries of cotton, linen, silk, and wool. His hope was that factory operators would pursue reform and safer practices. Ure spent much of 1834 visiting various facilities. He praised the factory at Quarry Bank Mill as having ideal standards.

      Something interesting about Andrew Ure, is his fascination with reanimating dead tissue. Ure carried out many bleak experiments on a dead convict, and it is alleged that he was Mary Shelley's inspiration for her main character in Frankenstein.

    2. Neither is it possible to hope for many years to come that human beings generally will be as well cared for as horses.

      I propose that this is the most inflammatory statement in Booth's writing. He is clearly trying to elicit a response from the reader by comparing the plight of the worker, to worse than that of the horse. This last passage almost seems sarcastic in tone, but illustrates the dire conditions in a manner that is intended to make the reader think.

  3. Oct 2017
    1. It may perhaps be thought there was never such a time nor condition of war as this; and I believe it was never generally so over all the world: but there are many places, where they live so now. For the savage people in many places of America, . . . have no government at all; and live at this day in that brutish manner. . .

      The perception in this statement is that lands and peoples in which the inhabitants lack organized society and legislature can be equated to savages. Hobbes is presenting the reader with the idea that a "common power" is necessary to keep men from war with their other men. Men must give their voice to a greater institution to escape a brutish existence. This passage seems similar to points stated in Machiavelli's The Prince.

    1. In the first place, hardly any of the women, who are a full half of the population, work; or, if they do, then as a rule their husbands lie snoring in the bed. Then there is a great lazy gang of priests and so-called religious men. Add to them all the rich, especially the landlords, who are commonly called gentlemen and nobility. Include with them their retainers, that mob of swaggering bullies. Finally, reckon in with these the sturdy and lusty beggars, who go about feigning some disease as an excuse for their idleness. You will certainly find that the things which satisfy our needs are produced by far fewer hands than you had supposed.

      Sir Thomas More's satiric Utopia presents an idealistic civilization in which all members of society contribute 6 hours of work a day, or enough to provide the basic necessities of life. He illustrates that all people, men and women, all contribute their fair share. This expertly allows More to juxtapose the utopian world with that of other countries that exist in which more than half of the population doesn't contribute. This selection categorizes several factions of European society including the nobility and the clergy, and he cites them on their ineptitude. It also allows More to demonstrate to the reader that the workforce is central in any society.

    1. Of sundry folk

      Chaucer utilizes the word sundry in two instances at this point in the poem. While by definition, sundry means a variety of things, his use almost seems to describe foreign lands or foreign peoples. It's almost as if he's using it as a synonym for diverse or different. In either case, he repeats his use of the word, which in any literary circumstance is significant, and deserves some analysis.

    2. The Holy Trinity have you in their keeping. Written at Oxhead in very great haste on the Thursday before St Thomas' day.

      I find this passage particularly interesting. Paston is clearly notifying her husband of her prayers for him, but makes note to indicate that they were written with great haste, in order for them to be "received" before St Thomas' day. While the role pf the church decreased in the high middle ages, there's still a manner of private worship that remained important.

    1. A miracle is a violation of the laws of nature; and as a firm and unalterable experience has established these laws, the proof against a miracle, from the very nature of the fact, is as entire as any argument from experience can possibly be imagined. . . . Nothing is esteemed a miracle, if it ever happens in the common course of nature.

      Hume presents us with a clear definition of what he constitutes as a miracle. By examining Newton's Principia we are able to understand the clear processes by which the world operates. Hume believes that miracles work in opposition or against these laws.

    2. (Further) there is not to be found, in all history, any miracle attested by a sufficient number of men, of such unquestioned good sense, education, and learning, as to secure us against all delusion in themselves; of such undoubted integrity, as to place them beyond all suspicion of any design to deceive others; of such credit and reputation in the eyes of mankind, as to have a great deal to lose in case of their being detected in any falsehood. . . .

      Hume clearly references religion and resurrection early in the source. He qualifies the balance between belief and evidence with three general statements. His first, being the most inflammatory. Hume states that there is no account of a miracle being attested to by any learned man. This statement really lends to the common idea that scientists were often atheists, because Hume is insinuating that miracles in history have never been credible.

  4. Sep 2017
    1. A few heathland barrows took specialized forms. Among them werebell barrowswherea circular mound was separated from a ditch by a strip of unexcavated ground (Grinsell 1934).It seems likely that many examples were built in a single operation.Disc barrowsare also foundon the heathland of southern England, but less often. They were circular ditched enclosures withone or two low mounds at the centre (Grinsell 1974).

      I took this opportunity to find a visual description of both disc and bell type barrows in order to better visualize what was being discussed. My research led me to find that bell barrows were more common than disc barrows. The defining characteristics that separate bell barrows from disc barrows, is the defined mound in bell barrows. Disc barrows tend to have a platform of raised or lowered earh.

    2. podsolized

      This word refers to soil that has become acidic and infertile. Organic materials are mostly absent from the soil, and the top layer has almost an ashy appearance.

      I had never heard of this term before, and had to research it further. This may imply that barrows would be placed where the quality of the soil had deteriorated.