'good' society ordinarily makes its members feel safe
This emphasizes the importance of social acceptance to ensure the feeling of safety and security. We know that having a place in society promotes well-being.
22 Matching Annotations
- Nov 2021
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psychclassics.yorku.ca psychclassics.yorku.ca
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SUMMARY
Overall this paper is important to the history of psychology because it contributes to what today we know as humanistic psychology. It assesses the basic needs humans need to meet, first for survival purposes, then to reach self-actualization. However, it also notes that even though people might not find meaning in life (self-actualization), they could still be satisfied in certain areas (e.g., physiological needs, love). Thus, people can live a satisfying life because it is subjective to them. Which this also gives reference to positive psychology aspects.
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Since we know the pathogenic effects of love starvation, who is to say that we are invoking value-questions in an unscientific or illegitimate way, any more than the physician does who diagnoses and treats pellagra or scurvy?
Here, Maslow is promoting first, emotional importance on psychological aspects, and second, construct research. As we must know, theoretical construct research is essential to understanding human behavior.
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It is no more necessary to study animals before one can study man than it is to study mathematics before one can study geology or psychology or biology.
He explains the importance of studying human subjects to add the application to humans rather than assuming that if it is true for animals, it is for humans. Human subjects are fundamental to psychological research.
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Cultural specificity and generality of needs.
This section exemplifies how cross-cultural psychological research helps understand differences and similarities in different societies. Culture matters when studying psychology.
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it is likely that those persons who have been accustomed to relative starvation for a long time, are partially enabled thereby to withstand food deprivation.
Maslow here references back to William James habit beliefs. People form habits because a behavior of a situation becomes automatic and tolerant.
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They are the 'strong' people who can easily weather disagreement or opposition, who can swim against the stream of public opinion and who can stand up for the truth at great personal cost. It is just the ones who have loved and been well loved, and who have had many deep friendships who can hold out against hatred, rejection or persecution.
Maslow's words once again echo the importance of upbringing a child in a "healthy" and "positive" manner. Those who are "stronger" are more likely to survive through adversity. This context is vital to understanding psychopathology; thus, for psychology.
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It is true that most of the people with whom we have worked have seemed to have these basic needs in about the order that has been indicated. However, there have been a number of exceptions
Here, Maslow exhibits the importance of personality difference, but also of cultural upbringing. People see different things as more important than others.
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The need for self-actualization.
The self-actualization theory is similar to Carl Rogers' "ideal self," which both are subjective to each individual. It represents the fully satisfied functioning individual (once they found their meaning in life)—another example of the influence of the zeitgeist.
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These are, first, the desire for strength, for achievement, for adequacy, for confidence in the face of the world, and for independence and freedom.[5] Secondly, we have what [p. 382] we may call the desire for reputation or prestige (defining it as respect or esteem from other people), recognition, attention, importance or appreciation.
Maslow here references how individuals see themselves and the importance of having good esteem from others. This here seems familiar to the Self Theory by Carl Rogers. Here we can see the power of the zeitgeist as Rogers was also developing his own humanistic theories as Maslow was. They both lived approximately during the same years.
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In our society the thwarting of these needs is the most commonly found core in cases of maladjustment and more severe psychopathology.
Here, Maslow notes that the lack of love and belongingness is what usually affects individuals' mental health. He notes that research has found this to be true, which is essential for future psychopathology therapy.
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The neurosis in which the search for safety takes its dearest form is in the compulsive-obsessive neurosis
Here, Maslow assesses what we now know as mental disorders. It is imperative to psychology because it exhibits how children's early experiences can affect their adulthood. It somewhat resembles empiricism.
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it can also occur in completely rejected children, who seem to cling to the hating parents more for sheer safety and protection than because of hope of love.
Maslow's words here are essential to clinical and social psychology because they explain why some children will protect their parents regardless of maltreatment. They are afraid of losing protection from them; it is a survival instinct.
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He seems to want a predictable, orderly world. For instance, injustice, unfairness, or inconsistency in the parents seems to make a child feel anxious and unsafe.
Maslow's explanation here about children's sense of safety connects to attachment theory. One outcome of Secure attachment, for instance, develops due to the consistency of parents.
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. First, rats have few motivations other than physiological ones, and since so much of the research upon motivation has been made with these animals, it is easy to carry the rat-picture over to the human being.
Here we have a glimpse of comparative psychology and how it has served to evaluate human motivations.
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That is to say, the person who thinks he is hungry may actually be seeking more for comfort, or dependence, than for vitamins or proteins.
People might be seeking to fulfill emotional needs. This reminds me of bulimia nervosa.
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The 'physiological' needs
This section shows the importance of having proper nutrition to have a healthy development. Thus, the motivations here are biological; it is for the survival of the body.
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This theory is, I think, in the functionalist tradition of James and Dewey, and is fused with the holism of Wertheimer (19), Goldstein (6), and Gestalt Psychology, and with the dynamicism of Freud (4) and Adler (1). This fusion or synthesis may arbitrarily be called a 'general-dynamic' theory.
Maslow expresses that his theory was elaborated by incorporating some of the ideas of previous theorists/psychologists. It shows how last or even recent beliefs influence the future development of ideas.
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Motivation theory is not synonymous with behavior theory.
Here is Maslow's attempt to separate from behaviorism, which is vital as he rejected the popular behavior theory. His motivation theory took part in psychology's "third force" movement.
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The situation or the field in which the organism reacts must be taken into account but the field alone can rarely serve as an exclusive explanation for behavior. Furthermore the field itself must be interpreted in terms of the organism. Field theory cannot be a substitute for motivation theory.
Maslow assesses the importance of the social environment but does not attribute all motivation to it. Here, the reaffirmation of nurture/nature influence peeks.
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. There are usually available various cultural paths to the same goal.
Maslow explains the importance of cultural context in psychology. Culture is essential to understanding personality differences and social interactions within different cultures. Regardless people usually have the same goals (e.g., personal success).
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2. The hunger drive (or any other physiological drive) was rejected as a centering point or model for a definitive theory of motivation
Here Maslow is rejecting that human's drive to survive is purely from physiological needs. It signifies the importance of other motivations like emotional needs.
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