Infinite players regard their wins and losses in whateverfinite games they playas but moments in continuing play.

It is an invariable principle of all play, finite and infinite,that whoever plays, plays freely. Whoever must play, cannotplay

This is because honor is not the same as dignity. One might even say: honor is surplus dignity

heightened consciousness of power, and its dangers, that comes from having stripped away the power and dignity of others; or at the very least, from the knowledge that one is capable of doing so

Reading for in­formation does not stretch your mind any more than reading for amusement. It may seem as though it does, but that is merely because your mind is fuller of facts than it was befor� you read the book. However, your mind is essentially in the same condition that it was before. There has been a quantita­tive change, but no improvement in your skill.

However, we think we have made the point.

When you learn something that you did not know before, you have certainly changed with respect to the knowl­edge you have acquired, but you are also the same individual that you were before; if that were not the case, you could not be said to have changed through learning. Is this true of all change?

We so often tell a child there is no answer, even when one is available, or demand that he ask no more questions

A mind not agi­tated by good questions cannot appreciate the significance of even the best answers.

What we have here is a reaUy logical exposition of a reaUy limited problem. There is something very attractive about both the clarity of the exposition and the limited nature of the problem

a biography is a narrative accoun

With regard to the second question, the historian tells a story, and that story, of course, occurred in time

When we read a novel we want a story that must be true only in the sense that it could have happened in the world of characters and events that the novelist has created, and re-created in us

Imaginative literature primarily pleases rather than teaches.

So, too, we can learn from the vicarious, or artistically created, experiences that fiction pro­duces in our imagination. In this sense, poems and stories teach as well as please

Beauty is harder to analyze than truth

Never­theless, it seems to be a fact that such skill is more widely possessed than the art of reading science and philosophy, politics, economics, and history. How can this be true?

The most imporant thing to remember about any practical book is that it can never solve the practical problems with which it is concerned. A theoretical book can solve its own problems. But a practical problem can only be solved by action itself. When your practical problem is how to earn a living, a book on how to make friends and influence people cannot solve it, though it may suggest things to do. Nothing short of the doing solves the problem

their fundamental content, in other words, is not logical, and the criticism of such works is based on different premises

There is, of course, another sort of disagreement, which is owing merely to inequalities of knowledge. The relatively ig­norant often wrongly disagree with the relatively learned about matters exceeding their knowledge. The more learned, however, have a right to be critical of errors made by those who lack relevant knowledge. Disagreement of this sort can also be corrected. Inequality of knowledge is always curable by instruction

RuLE 7, as follows : FIND IF YOU CAN THE PARAGRAPHS IN A BOOK THAT STATE ITS IMPORTANT ARGUMENTS; BUT IF THE ARGU­MENTS ARE NOT THUS EXPRESSED, YOUR TASK IS TO CONSTRUCT THEM, BY TAKING A SENTENCE FROM THIS PARAGRAPH, AND ONE

But if you cannot get away at all from the author's words, it shows that only words have passed from him to you, not thought or knowledge. You know his words, not his mind. He was trying to communicate knowl­edge, and all you received was words.

They pause over the sentences that interest them rather than the ones that puzzle them.

His propositions are nothing but expressions of personal opinion unless they are supported by reasons. If it is the book and the subject with which it deals that we are interested in, and not just the author, we want to know not merely what his propositions are, but also why he thinks we should be per­suaded to accept them

Your success in reading it is determined by the extent to which you receive everything the writer intended to com­municate. That, of course, is too simple. The reason is that there are two possible relations between your mind and the book, not just one. These two relations are exemplified by two different experiences that you can have in reading your book. There is the book; and here is your mind. As you go through the pages, either you understand perfectly everything the author has to say or you do not. If you do, you may have gained information, but you could not have increased your understanding. If the book is completely intelligible to you from start to finish, then the author and you are as two minds in the same mold. The symbols on, the page merely ex­press the common understanding you had before you met.

the art of reading is the skill of catching every sort of communication as well as possible

To make knowledge practical we must convert it into rules of operation.