However, many people also startle when they see a flash of lightning that comes before the thunder. This is because they have learned through experience that a crash of thunder is on its way. So, they have been classically conditioned to jump when they see the lightning
Couldn't one argue that it's simply because a sudden movement is startling/surprising?
, our ability to learn involves consciously associating a behavior with a consequence, while observational learning adds social and cognitive layers to both conscious and unconscious associative processes.
Would an example of this be learning something in class and trying to memorize it?
In Figure 5.15a we see a square, and in Figure 5.15b we perceive three columns. The organization of the dots changes our perception.
I'd agree with this though when I see images like this that is not the first place my mind goes to.
the minimum amount of stimulus energy that must be present for the stimulus to be reliably detected.
I wonder if their is a way to train your senses to become more sensitive.
Although there was no effective treatment for syphilis when the study began, by 1947 penicillin was being widely prescribed to cure the disea
I wonder if we’d ever find a cure without using ethically questionable method.
Institutional Review Board (IRB). The IRB typically consists of members of the institution’s administration and scientists, in addition to community members (
How do they pick these members?
It was systematic and it asked an empirical question – Does giving money away make you happy?
Asking someone to rate their happiness doesn't seem objective.
Psychological knowledge is mostly based on theories.
Is it even possible to fully prove anything substantial about the mind?
quantitative research (using numbers) and the scientific approach to build its theoretical foundations
This is a big contrast to Wilhelm Wundt's method.
William James taught the first psychology course in the USA in 1875 at Harvard; he taught students about experimental psychology focusing predominantly on sensation and perception.
This definitely added a lot of respect to the study of psychology.
Wundt also formally established the field of cultural psychology—since he believed that complex psychological functions like language, traditions, and beliefs needed to be studied within the context of culture
It seems that Wundt is credited to a lot of findings in psychology.
has its roots in philosophy, medicine, theology, and the natural sciences. However, Western historians often fail to acknowledge that psychology has actually been “studied and practiced” around the world in different ways for centuries.
It's interesting that psychology has the same key concepts around the world but the way they are interpreted are different.