astronomically
extremely large
astronomically
extremely large
accrued
(of a benefit or sum of money) received or accumulated in regular or increasing amounts over time.
By reading a handful of good books
Here is a list of books recommended by William Bernstein in If You Can:
I Will Teach You To Be Rich by Ramit Sethi
The Simple Path To Wealth by JL Collins
The Little Book of Common Sense Investing by John Bogle
Winning the Loser's Game by Charles Ellis
The Bogleheads' Guide To Investing by Mel Lindauer, Taylor Larimore, and Michael LeBoeuf
A Random Walk Down Wall Street by Burton Malkiel
The Millionaire Next Door by Thomas Stanley
The Psychology of Money by Morgan Housel
The Index Card by Helaine Olen and Harold Pollack
How A Second Grader Beats Wall Street by Allan Roth
Just Keep Buying by Nick Maggiulli
The White Coat Investor by James Dahle
How To Make Your Money Last by Jane Bryant Quinn
Retire Before Mom and Dad by Rob Berger
The Five Years Before You Retire by Emily Guy Birken
How To Plan for the Perfect Retirement by Dana Anspach
Retirement Planning Guidebook by Wade Pfau
Retirement Planning for Dummies by Matthew Krantz
The New Retirement Savings Time Bomb by Ed Slott
default
failure to fulfil an obligation, especially to repay a loan or appear in a law court.
antithetical
antithetical
pithily
"Pithily" is an adverb that describes a way of expressing something that is both concise and full of meaning or substance.
antidote
a medicine taken or given to counteract a particular poison.
比關心自己更關心對方(To be more interested in the other than in oneself): 這聽起來像是一個極高的道德要求,但阿德勒是從純粹的合作邏輯出發的。在一個兩人合作的任務中,如果雙方都將對方的成功與幸福,視為自己最優先的考量,那麼一個完美的良性循環就形成了。每一方都會感到自己是被深深珍視的、不可或缺的,從而獲得巨大的安全感與價值感。這種「我對你很重要」的感覺,正是婚姻幸福的核心。反之,如果雙方都抱持著「我能從這段婚姻中得到什麼?」的索取心態,那麼這段關係必然會陷入無盡的計較與權力鬥爭之中。
在第一种状态中:能够首先关心对方的人,非常难得。
在第二种状态中:能够意识到这个无尽的计较,并且打破循环的人,更难得。
一個人進入職場後,他在工作中遇到的困難與表現出的行為模式,同樣是他童年生活風格的重演。
如果ta没有自省意识,确实会被童年生活定义。
渴望關注的自我中心者: 獨生子女習慣了成為注意力的焦點,他們往往期望在家庭以外的環境中也獲得同樣的待遇。當他們進入學校或社會,發現自己不再是中心時,會感到極大的挫敗。他們可能發展出迷人的社交技巧以吸引他人,但也可能因為無法處理平等的同儕關係而感到困難。 依賴母親,與父親競爭: 他們的生活風格常常圍繞著與母親的緊密連結展開,對成年後的獨立生活可能感到恐懼。他們看待世界的方式,深受父母(特別是母親)的影響,可能較難發展出自己獨立的觀點。
None of these apply to me.
依賴成性的問題人物: 另一方面,持續的溺愛也可能帶來巨大的風險。如果么子女沒有學會獨立,他會認為「被照顧」是理所當然的。他有很高的雄心,卻缺乏實現雄心的勇氣和行動力。他可能成為家庭中最大的問題人物,因為他習慣了別人為他解決問題,一旦面臨獨立的人生課題,就會感到無助和恐懼。阿德勒指出,在問題兒童中,么子女的比例僅次於長子女。
Made me think
因此,在阿德勒的心理治療與諮詢中,詢問並解讀案主的早期回憶,成為了一個快速、直觀且深刻的切入點。它繞過了當事人的理性防衛,直接觸及其人格的核心。因為大多數人並不覺得自己的記憶有什麼特殊意涵,他們會像講述客觀事實一樣娓娓道來,卻在不經意間,將自己最隱秘的人生劇本和盤托出。理解了這份記憶,就等於拿到了解開其整個生活風格謎團的鑰匙。
太强了
健康的道路,是走向「生活的有用面」(the useful side of life)。 當一個人充滿勇氣,並具備社會興趣時,他會透過直接、務實的方式來克服自卑感。他會去改善引發自卑感的客觀情境。如果他覺得自己學識不足,他會去讀書學習;如果他覺得自己體能不佳,他會去鍛鍊身體;如果他覺得自己不受歡迎,他會學習如何更好地與人合作。他的努力是具有建設性的,其目標是獲得真正的能力與貢獻,他的成功不僅讓自己受益,也讓他人受益。
In Alfred Adler's individual psychology, "the useful side of life" refers to actions and pursuits that contribute to personal growth, the common welfare, and a healthy community through meaningful goals and social interest. It involves mastering life's universal tasks—building friendships, establishing intimacy, and contributing to society—and is characterized by courage, cooperation, and empathy, leading to self-realization and a high quality of social life.
不健康的道路,則是轉向「生活的無用面」(the useless side of life)。 當一個人極度氣餒(discouraged),不相信自己能透過實際努力來改善狀況時,他內心的自卑張力並不會消失。他依然無法忍受自卑感,依然會去追求優越感,但他採取的手段卻是虛假的、逃避的。他不再試圖去克服困難,而是試圖給自己製造一種「我比困難更強大」的幻覺。他的目標從「解決問題」悄然轉變為「看起來比別人優越」。 這時,「自卑情結」才真正形成。阿德勒對「自卑情結」的定義是:當一個人面對他無法適應的人生課題時,所產生的一種根深蒂固的「我做不到」的信念。 它不是一種短暫的情緒,而是一種僵化了的態度,一種深刻的絕望。這種信念會癱瘓他在有用面的行動力。他會開始限制自己的活動範圍,像一個膽小的將軍,只敢待在自己熟悉的、狹窄的堡壘裡,迴避一切可能暴露自己弱點的戰場。
回避问题,对于暴露自己弱点的言行感到愤怒,不断强调自己更加优越…… 都是让自卑转向生活无用面的表现。-- 底层思维。(恶性循环)
而不是通过学习和改善自身超越自卑。(正向循环)
那個表現得最「優越」、最具攻擊性的孩子,其內心的自卑感可能最為強烈。
为何?
生理的缺陷就像是給人生的牌局發了一手比較差的牌,但如何打好這手牌,則完全取決於玩牌者(心靈)的智慧與勇氣。
那么,当被发到一手比较差的牌,如何可以让自己有智慧与勇气?
「生活風格」是個體在童年早期(約四至五歲前)形成的、用以應對人生三大課題的獨特模式,它包含了一個人對世界、對自己、對未來的基本看法,以及他為實現其優越感目標所採取的一貫策略。一旦生活風格確立,情緒就會像忠誠的僕人一樣,為其服務。
为什么在四五岁前就可以形成?
在這個心身統一的框架下,情緒(Feelings)扮演了至關重要的角色。 阿德勒對情緒的看法極具革命性。他認為,情緒並非單純由生理化學反應所決定的被動產物。相反地,情緒是心靈為了達成特定目標而主動產生或強化的「工具」,其目的是讓身體進入一種適合採取特定行動的「預備狀態」。最關鍵的一點是:一個人的情緒,永遠不會與他的「生活風格」(Style of Life)相矛盾。
情绪是否真的有目的性?
他們賦予生命的意義是「私人的意義」。
我不认为生命的意义是私人的有何不妥。参考亚当斯密:个人在经济生活中只考虑自己利益,受“看不见的手”驱使,即通过分工和市场的作用,可以达到国家富裕的目的。
他們的目標不僅僅是個人的成功,而是如何透過自己的成功來造福他人。
利他主义
culpability
responsibility for a fault or wrong; blame
antithesis
the direct opposite
acrimony
a state of bitterness, hostility, and anger, often in words or manner, such as in a dispute or between people
For Bogle, a TDF built from low-cost index funds is an almost perfect solution for the investor who wants a “set it and forget it” strategy that aligns with all his core principles: diversification, low costs, prudent asset allocation, and built-in discipline.
https://investor.vanguard.com/investment-products/list/all?strategy=all_in_one&filters=open
Smart Beta
Smart beta emphasizes capturing investment factors or market inefficiencies in a rules-based and transparent way. Smart beta strategies may use alternative weighting schemes such as volatility, liquidity, quality, value, size, and momentum.
Examples of Smart Beta ETFs include the iShares MSCI USA Momentum Factor ETF (MTUM) for high-momentum stocks, Invesco S&P 500 Equal Weight ETF (RSP) for balanced exposure, iShares Edge MSCI World Minimum Volatility ETF (MVOL) for reduced risk, and VanEck Morningstar Wide Moat ETF (MOAT) which focuses on companies with sustainable competitive advantages. These ETFs use specific rules-based strategies beyond traditional market-cap weighting to select underlying securities, aiming to increase returns, lower risk, or maximize dividends.
Examples of diversified, low-fee funds that track an index like the S&P 500 include Vanguard S&P 500 ETF (VOO), iShares Core S&P 500 ETF (IVV), and SPDR S&P 500 ETF Trust (SPY), as well as Vanguard 500 Index Fund Admiral Shares (VFIAX) and Fidelity 500 Index Fund (FXAIX). These are all forms of exchange-traded funds (ETFs) or mutual funds that aim to replicate the performance of the S&P 500 index by holding a broad selection of the 500 largest U.S. companies.
accomplice
a person who helps another commit a crime.
Bogle presents data showing that the actual, dollar-weighted returns earned by investors in mutual funds are consistently lower than the time-weighted returns reported by the funds themselves. This “behavior gap” is the penalty investors pay for their ill-timed buying and selling.
What does this mean?
parsimony
extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources.
decimated
kill, destroy, or remove a large proportion of.
aphorisms
a pithy observation which contains a general truth.
arithmetic
the branch of mathematics dealing with the properties and manipulation of numbers.