AI, on its own, should be an impartial tool. It is in the hands of developers (who do not resemble those that their technology will negatively affect) that bias is injected into AI, potentially making the data AI's produce subjective and misrepresentational.

Being able to take time off work or easily plan your schedule around a singular voting day is a privilege. Early voting opens up more opportunities for low-income workers to find a time they can vote around their many work and family commitments.

Literacy tests can exclude people of colour living in and forced to live in underfunded communities with poor education services. Residency requirements could exclude low-income immigrants and houseless people.

To call back on the "Invisible Women" podcast with Criado-Perez, women's and trans women's labour will be invisible in data as long as women-identifying people are themselves invisible or misrepresented in data.

As Criado-Perez's example of male vs. female heart attack symptoms being understood as normal vs. abnormal examples (respectively) underscored, medicine has been shaped around men.

A data abyss.

In so-called Canada, these disparities also increasingly impact the safety of pregnant Indigenous women and their children. Hospitals are not truly safe places for most people that are not cisgender and White.

A celebrity or person of social influence opening up the conversation on stigmatized or ignored topics helps other people feel like they can raise their voice and share their own unique experiences. A similar trajectory occurred with the #MeToo movement.

Echoes the saying, "feminism is for everyone."

Misrepresentational data can harm, and representational data can be weaponized. Data is evidence, and it should be set aside when it seeks to harm oppressed populations further.

Data, technology, and social power have become intertwined and inseparable in modern society.

The factor that is supposed to ensure credible and representational data, but has not always (like in the creation and persistence of data collection from the Hybrid III crash dummy).

Social oppressors (government, police, hate groups) emphasize that data can be weaponized against minoritized groups as much as it can be used to support those groups. Data is a tool, and people with privilege and power have used tools like data to oppress more effectively.

Qualitative data from people that align with the most privileged social groups would have been, and still continues to be, valued above the lived experience and knowledge of people facing oppression and minoritization.

Assumes data will always be collected in a credible manner. The historic focus on cisgender male bodies in data collection makes this data only credible and reflective for those groups.

Like the initially surprisingly connection between gender inequality (and also ageism) and snowplowing that Criado-Perez highlights in Invisible Women, the intersection between data science and different forms of oppression was not at first visible to me, and likely many others.

An absence of data should never be used to invalidate someone's experience of oppression. The data collected to support Darden helped show those positioned in dominant/oppressive groups the reality of sexism and racism in the workplace (in a way they were more ready to understand: quantitative, rather than qualitative, data).

This relates to one of the many reasons that amplifying and uplifting the voices of people facing greater intersectional oppression is so important. Enacting decolonial, anti-racist, and anti-oppressive action begins with learning and educating others about the avenues of oppression in society (especially the ones they themselves would not experience).

White feminism is a form of White supremacy.

Grassroots work.

Data provided the proof for Darden's claims of sexism (and racism) in the workplace. Data has been supporting the pursuit of equity and equality for decades.

Common forms of unpaid and undervalued care labour for those who have already engaged in unpaid reproductive labour.

Reckoning with your position(s) and the privileges that may come along with it is required to move past exclusionary White and cisgender 'feminisms.'

Crenshaw

White feminism/non-intersectional feminism is exclusionary and racist, and frequently classist.

The post-WW2 epoch was marked by the destabilization of the male role in society. Men were threatened by the successful role many women adopted in the work force, even though their work was crucial to the success of the American war effort itself.

• Implicit bias and assumptions in everyday society.
• Women are not consulted on what affects them.
• The decision makers, men in positions of power within the organization, do not resemble those they make decisions for, women.

In addition to a belief and commitment to equity in order to achieve that desired equality.

Books and other forms of knowledge can have power over public opinion and social beliefs. For example, Caroline Criado-Perez questioned what her book, Data Feminism, could really accomplish, but her work has already paved the way for policy changes in Scotland. Likewise, Hidden Figures illuminates the unsung critical women of colour that helped America win global recognition.

STEM, and particularly engineering, still remain cis male dominated fields rife with sexism.

Sexist social conflation of gender with skill or intelligence. Many women were forced to take temporary, low-paying jobs because of discrimination on the basis of gender, pregnancy, and motherhood. Even women able to access higher education and become leaders in their field faced the connotation of women working to automatic impermanence.

Linguistically reduces women to objects and means, like something to be used rather than an equal person.

Putting desegregation laws into place did little to change the biased and racist beliefs and values of many White Americans. Like the murders of Black people that went unpunished following the abolition of slavery (and still continue today, especially at the hands of police), putting something into law has proven to do little to change racist social mores, folkways, and beliefs.

The "ideological mission of the United States" is an ideology that exists only theoretically in the minds of most privileged lawmakers and government figures. When the US is called "a land based on the ideals of liberty, equality, and opportunity for all," it is hard to ignore the irony of such lofty claims by a deeply racist and sexist country. Both in the time Darden describes and now, the US has been predicated on the oppression and abuse of Indigenous peoples, the exploitation of racialized groups, and the mistreatment of women from intersectional backgrounds that face more societal oppression. It is hard to find any liberty, equality, or opportunity in those social facts.