This study seeks to address this gap by exploring the ways in which multilingual individuals use code-switching and translanguaging in their online interactions.

In an increasingly globalized world, where individuals regularly interact with people from diverse linguistic backgrounds, code-switching becomes a tool for navigating complex social landscapes.

In online settings, translanguaging appears in various forms, especially in the production of memes, videos, and other multimodal content, which often blend text, images, and audio to create new communicative meanings.

The rise of digital communication has brought about significant opportunities for the promotion of multilingualism, especially for minority and endangered languages, which often struggle for visibility in traditional media.

Code-switching, a well-established phenomenon in multilingual communication, adapts to the affordances of digital platforms, where hybrid linguistic forms emerge in response to character limits, hashtags, and multimedia formats.

For instance, during festivals like Diwali or Ramadan, users incorporated native language phrases alongside English to convey authenticity and pride in their roots. This practice not only reaffirmed their connection to their heritage but also resonated with like-minded individuals in their digital communities, creating a shared sense of identity and belonging.

Translanguaging often arises from the need to express complex or culturally specific ideas that cannot be adequately conveyed in a single language. For example, users may incorporate local terms, expressions, or phrases in languages such as Hindi, Arabic, or Mandarin, which have no direct equivalents in English. This is particularly true in posts related to cultural events or personal experiences, where blending languages allows for a richer, more authentic narrative.

Multilingual individuals no longer feel bound by traditional language structures and may freely switch between languages to express themselves more authentically. The result is a dynamic evolution of language, where new hybrid forms emerge, and old norms of linguistic purity become increasingly blurred.

Integrating translanguaging into educational practices can enhance students' linguistic flexibility and prepare them for a multilingual, interconnected world.

For technology, developers are encouraged to design platforms that accommodate diverse linguistic needs, promoting inclusivity and ensuring equitable access for users from various linguistic backgrounds, ultimately contributing to a more accessible and interconnected digital world.

To ensure the inclusivity of multilingual digital environments, educational systems and digital platforms must foster policies that promote multilingualism and ensure equal representation of minority languages.

This process challenges the traditional boundaries of written or spoken language by enabling users to express themselves through a combination of linguistic and semiotic resources, thus promoting a more inclusive and flexible understanding of communication.

For example, memes are a prominent form of digital communication where users frequently combine different languages or dialects, often mixing English with regional languages or even incorporating slang and emojis. This practice reflects the fluidity of linguistic boundaries in digital spaces and highlights how translanguaging can function as a creative tool for expressing complex ideas or social commentary

while Twitter's character constraints encourage succinct code-switching, multimedia-friendly platforms like Instagram foster richer translanguaging practices.

Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research analyzed the communication habits of 120 multilingual participants on platforms such as Twitter, Instagram, and WhatsApp. The findings highlight distinct patterns of code-switching and translanguaging influenced by factors like audience demographics, contextual demands, and the technological features of each platform.

For instance, bilingual individuals may switch from one language to another to signal a shift in topic or to evoke a certain emotion or cultural reference.