This example should be a phrase

Example should be a phrase

examples should be phrases

example should be a phrase

example should be a phrase

Example should be a phrase

Example should be a phrase

examples should be whole phrases

examples should be whole phrases

example should be a whole phrase

Should make the example a whole phrase.

all words here are absolute

were examples planned here?

I'm not sure what to do here

Not sure this is a good example. The relevant words are parsed as nouns.

Here it functoins like an adverb of location.

I'm not sure if these types are worth mentioning?

I think this is actually an example of "Already mentioned".

As I changed the direction of this article somewhat, this section may no longer be nencessary.

This is not an adverb. I've discussed this under particle_negative

I would remove these and put them in the adverb article

See note: moved to exhortation

Rephrase, perhaps "having a ה in front of the verb"? preformative is a little technical.

rephrase, perhaps: "the participle should be translated in the same time (past, present, or future) as the main verb of the sentence"

Imperfect / yiqtal?

In these examples, "zeh" is often parsed as a demonstrative pronoun.

"zeh" is actually a demonstrative pronoun here.

That doesn't seem to be the case in these examples...

What is the other one? Pronominal suffixes?

Is it?

I think this is an example of the dem. pron. merely modifying "erets", but being put at the end of a whole phrase/clause.

Should put under master heading of "qualifies a noun", rename this heading as "predicative". Notice that if used predicatively, the dem. pron. usually precedes the noun. Remark: "the preceding demonstrative pronoun does not have the definite article, but the noun does".

Not sure what this means

Suggest two master headings "D.P. stands for a person" (as in, even in the singular, kind of functions like a pers.pron.). And "D.P. qualifies a noun" (kind of like an adjective with both as attribute and as predicative).

Wouldn't that be "reciprocal"? This could be under the master heading of a dem. pron. being a reference to a person.

This may need some extra clarification

It seems to me this could be a heading, perhaps under "special uses"?

Was there an example planned here?

Should be a subsection of "attributive adjective" (see above), remark that "neither the noun nor the demonstrative pronoun have the definite article"

Would also move this under the heading "qualifies a noun" together with [see above]. Remark that "Both the noun and the demonstrative pronoun have the definite article".

I'm not sure about this example

Shoul rewrite the examples.

Should turn into an example

"a very early stage of the language"

Probably not for this grammar.

A little too technical.

ADDED

A noun is singular if there is only 1 of something or when a collection is described as a unit. Singular is the standard dictionary form of a noun.

RESOLVED

Maybe start with an introduction, like: "The Hebrew writing system did not have numbers, and letter only started representing a numerical value long after the completion of the Old Testament. So in the Bible, numbers were always spelled out."

That is actually "two (feminine, dual) and sixty (masculine, plural) year (feminine, singular)"

Something else: the multiple of ten is the opposite gender, while the gender of the single digit matches the gender of the noun: GEN 11:16 אַרְבַּ֥ע וּשְׁלֹשִׁ֖ים‮‬ שָׁנָ֑ה four (singular, feminine?) and thirty (plural, masculine) year (singular, feminine).

dual

Need example(s) of multiples of 10. GEN 18:31 לֹ֣א אַשְׁחִ֔ית בַּעֲב֖וּר הָֽעֶשְׂרִֽים׃ I will not destroy it for the sake of the twenty.

Which can continue to look like a singular, even if they are functioning like a plural. Example: GEN 7:4 אַרְבָּעִ֣ים יֹ֔ום וְאַרְבָּעִ֖ים לָ֑יְלָה fourty day(s) and fourty night(s).

Add: "the numbers 11-19 are formed by simply writing numbers 1-9 followed by 10. So 11 is one ten, and 17 is seven ten. They are sometimes connected with a horizontal line (maqqeef). Example: JOS 15:41 עָרִ֥ים שֵׁשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה sixteen cities"

smaller digit

Is this a definitive list? If so we should make that explicit.

Usually, but not always. Example of the exception: JOS 21:18: עָרִ֖ים אַרְבַּֽע׃ four cities.

I think we need to explain this term. As evidence for this I submit the fact that I had to google it myself ;)

In which case it can follow the noun: 2CH 3:15 עַמּוּדִ֣ים שְׁנַ֔יִם two pillars.

Missing: 100 (see GEN 5 and 11 for example),1.000 and 10,000. There is of course the discussion on if and if so where "eleph" should or could be translated as "unit" as opposed to "1.000" in the census of Numers, so maybe avoid those chapters when giving examples.

Isn't that because, unless in a compound number, the plural is used for the ten-fold of the number?

Two is either always, or usually in the dual (havn't found out if there are non-dual forms of 2).

"both of them".

Since it says "sometimes", perhaps also give an example of echad with the article: GEN 2:11 שֵׁ֥ם הָֽאֶחָ֖ד פִּישֹׁ֑ון "the name of the one was Pishon".

Missing: section on "form"

Relative frequency not in the title

is a verb form that is often

In standard example format: DEU 29:4 (DEU 29:3 in Hebrew) וְלֹֽא־נָתַן֩ יְהוָ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם ... עֵינַ֥יִם לִרְאֹ֖ות וְאָזְנַ֣יִם לִשְׁמֹ֑עַ And not has given Yahweh to you ... eyes to see and ears to hear. - Smooth: Yahweh has not given you ... eyes to see, or ears to hear.

This can be deleted.

Under the heading "function"

This under the heading "form"

This can be mentioned under "form"

Dual (two, pair) refers to more than a group of items that happens to be two, but specifically to things that almost always come in pairs, like hands and eyes.

Sections:

Normal plurals - More than one of a thing. ECC 10:7 רָאִ֥יתִי עֲבָדִ֖ים‮‬ עַל־סוּסִ֑ים I have seen servants on horses.

Plural of extension - Two of the most common examples are heaven and water, in some translations these are translated as "heavens" and "waters", while others opt for the singular "heaven" and "water". GEN 1:1 בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית‮‬ בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם In the beginning he created God the heaven(s). GEN 1:2 וְר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים מְרַחֶ֖פֶת עַל־פְּנֵ֥י הַמָּֽיִם׃ and the Spirit of God moving on the face of the water(s). - Smooth: The Spirit of God was moving on the surface of the waters.

Abstract plurals - In English abstract pluras are often singular and have endings like -ness, -hood, and -ship. GEN 19:11 הִכּוּ֙ בַּסַּנְוֵרִ֔ים they hit [them] with the blindness - sooth: "they struck them with blindness". GEN 21:7 כִּֽי־יָלַ֥דְתִּי‮‬ בֵ֖ן לִזְקֻנָֽיו׃ yet I bore a son to his old age. - Smooth: yet I have borne him a son in his old age!

Summing up different parts of an action. GEN 50:3 כִּ֛י כֵּ֥ן יִמְלְא֖וּ יְמֵ֣י הַחֲנֻטִ֑ים for so are filled the days of embalming. - Smooth: for that was the full time for embalming. JER 13:27 נִֽאֻפַ֤יִךְ וּמִצְהֲלֹותַ֨יִךְ֙ ...‬ רָאִ֖יתִי Your adulteries and your neighings ... I have seen - Smooth: I have seen your adultery and neighing.

"Collectives are grammatically singular and are discussed there."

This should be under the heading "form".

This is discussed under the singular.

Examples:

Normal singular:

ISA 1:3 יָדַ֥ע שֹׁור֙ קֹנֵ֔הוּ וַחֲמֹ֖ור אֵב֣וּס בְּעָלָ֑יו He knows ox his owner and the donkey the manger of his master, - Smooth: The ox knows his owner, and the donkey his master's feeding trough,

Proper nouns (names) are always singular, even if the referent is plural:

OBA 1:1 חֲזֹ֖ון עֹֽבַדְיָ֑ה The vision of Obadiah. 1SA 29:1 וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֣ל חֹנִ֔ים בַּעַ֖יִן‮a‬ אֲשֶׁ֥ר בְּיִזְרְעֶֽאל׃ and Israel camped at the spring which is in Jezreel. - Smooth: the Israelites camped by the spring that is in Jezreel.

Collective:

GEN 38:13 לָגֹ֥ז צֹאנֹֽו׃ to sheer his sheep.

God:

The word most commonly translated with "God" in English is אֱלֹהִים which looks like a plural, but every time God is the subject of a sentence, the verb is singular, and so are the adjectives that are connected with it.

GEN 1:1 בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית‮‬ בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים In the beginning he created, God - Smooth: In the beginning God created.

This is discussed under "gender_feminine", not sure it needs to be here too.

This should be under the section "form".

In Hebrew, a noun is plural if there are two or more of something, or if it refers to something really big.

Suggestion for rephrase:

"In this grammar we distinguish between three types of nouns: proper nouns (names), gentilic nouns (ethnicities), and common nouns (everything else)."

Note: delete the reference to gentilic nouns if the article gets scrapped.

Probalby should put it in the example format in 02.md file

This should also go to 02.md under the heading "form".

vocalized

Examples in example format in 02.md

In most systems, gentilic nouns not identified as such in the Hebrew, but only in Aramaic. See the gentilic adjective.

Q: did we tag any Hebrew nouns as "gentilic" in our parsing system? If not, should we delete this entry?

Add: Nouns are either masculine or feminine, and the form of the noun often, but not always indicates which one it is.

Every noun also has a number (singular, plural, or dual), and a state (construct or absolute), the dictionary form is singular absolute. They can also take a variety of prefixes and suffixes that give extra information.

Sometimes an adjective or a verb (especially infinitives and participles) can function like a noun.

In Hebrew, nouns do not change their form based on the function (or case) they have in a sentence (subject/nominative, direct object/accusative, etc.).

Example: 1KI 1:21 כִּשְׁכַ֥ב אֲדֹנִֽי־הַמֶּ֖לֶךְ עִם־אֲבֹתָ֑יו Literal: "like sleeping my lord the king with his fathers" smooth ULB: "when my master the king sleeps with his fathers"

Either the clause begins with bet or kaf, or the bet or kaf is prefixed to the infinitive construct.

These two examples should be under the heading of "With pronominal suffixes".

First example: pronominal suffix functions as subject (is doing the action). Second example: pronominal suffix functions as object (is receiving the action).

Also, need vocalized text.

Form: The form of the infinitive absolute is identical to that of the masculine singular imperative.

The infinitive construct does change its form depending on stem (Qal, Niphal, Piel, etc.), but it does not change its form for masculine or feminine, singular or plural, or first, second, or third person.

This is also an example with a pronominal suffix.

Literally: "in day"

relative frequency not in the title

a phrase?

"Near future"

The Lamed is prefixed to Babel, not the infinitive.

Literal: "Obeying than sacrifice good" smooth (ULB): "Obedience is better than sacrifice".

"With prefix Lamed" should be a master-heading with all the different nuances as subheadings.

"Substantive"

Heading: Form

The infinitive absolute has no prefixes, other than sometimes the copula waw+shewa, or the interrogative he+hatef patah, and it also has no suffixes.

A typical infinitive absolute has a qamets under the first consonant, and holem on the second or inserts a holem-waw between the second and third consonant.

The infinitive absolute does change its form depending on stem (Qal, Niphal, Piel, etc.), but it does not change its form for masculine or feminine, singular or plural, or first, second, or third person.

Better: "As a finite verb" First subheading: "After a finite verb, an infinitive absolute can continue the narrative as if it were a finite verb."

Other example: JDG 7:19 וַֽיִּתְקְעוּ֙ בַּשֹּׁ֣ופָרֹ֔ות וְנָפֹ֥וץ הַכַּדִּ֖ים "and they blew in the horns and broke the jars".

Second subheading: "Independently"

Example: ISA 20:2 וַיַּ֣עַשׂ כֵּ֔ן הָלֹ֖ךְ עָרֹ֥ום וְיָחֵֽף׃ "and he did so: walking naked and barefoot"

Change heading to: "Adverbial".

1SA 3:12 אָקִ֣ים אֶל־עֵלִ֔י אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֑ו הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה׃ "I will carry out toward Eli all that I have spoken toward his house beginning and finishing" smooth: "I will carry out against Eli everything I have said about his house, from beginning to end."

This example has two infinitives, the first should be under the first heading, of an inf. abs. repeating the finite verb and being placed after it. The emphasis is then identical as if it were before it, or (as is the case here) to highlight the nuance of the continuance or prevalence of it.

The second infinitive is an example of an inf. abs. functioning like a finite verb, see the example above of ISA 22:13 as well.

This is an example of the inf. abs. functioning like a finite verb. This should be under another, new heading.

Should be a separate subheading.

Example: ISA 42:24 וְלֹֽא־אָב֤וּ בִדְרָכָיו֙ הָלֹ֔וךְ "and not they wanted in his ways to walk".

Should be a separate subheading.

Example: JER 10:5 וְגַם־הֵיטֵ֖יב אֵ֥ין אֹותָֽם‮‬׃ "and also doing good is not in them"

This information should be somewhere else with an example.

"Substantive"

This can be on the line below.

This point can be made with the previous example too?

Also, in this case it is in a way a strengthening of the wayyiqtol of the same root before it.

Here the inf. abs. follows the finite verb of the same root (as opposed to preceding it under the first subheading).

Other example(s): JOS 6:9 הָל֖וֹךְ וְתָק֥וֹעַ בַּשּׁוֹפָרֽוֹת׃ continually blowing the horns.

I suggest using "command", since the imperative is a different form.

This meaning is quite common if the infinitive absolute occurs alone, without other verbs.

Literally: "dying you will die"

usage

Literally "walking and eating"

Not sure how useful this is here.

intensity or function like a finite verb.

Not sure how helpful it is to group infinitives and participles like this, without explaining what a verbal noun is.

Besides, both participles and infinitives often overlap in function with finite verbs.

or: Superlative RESOLVED

or: comparative RESOLVED

sometimes called a "predicate adjective" or "verbal adjective"

sometimes called "attributive"

Perhaps add a little section on כל (all, whole, etc.), which in English (and several other languages as well), is an adjective, but in Hebrew is technically a noun.

I think this article is a good place to make a brief reference to ordinal and cardinal numbers (so they can be linked).

Should add brief explanation, like "sometimes the word "God" (in Hebrew: Elohim) can be used as an adjective to add more emphasis"

Also, move below מאד so the two "very"s are closer together, going from normal very to very very.

"Constructions with מן כל" Also, move under 5. as a subset of the superlative.

Add: "often, like here, shortened to מִכֹּל֙"

I'm not sure what this means.

Should briefly describe what a linking verb is. "A linking verb is a verb that links two nouns or a noun and an adjective. The verb "to be" is the most used linking verb, like in this example. The linking verb is almost never present in the Hebrew, but must be supplied in English."

Suggest rephrasing: "In this example the noun is definite, if both the noun and the adjective are indefinite, the adjective could either describe an attribute (see: above), or is connected with a linking verb."

Unlike the other conjunctions, the ו cannot "stand alone", but has to be connected to another word as a prefix. This can be a noun, a verb, a pronoun, or a particle.

In front of a direct object marker: 1SA 25:11 וְלָקַחְתִּ֤י אֶת־לַחְמִי֙ וְאֶת־מֵימַ֔י‮a‬ וְאֵת֙ טִבְחָתִ֔י I will take my bread and my water and my meat. (note: when describing a list, Hebrew often adds the conjunction between every item on the list. In English this does not always have to be translated).

In front of a noun: 2KI 7:8 כֶּ֤סֶף וְזָהָב֙ silver and gold.

In front of a participle: ZEC 3:3 וְעֹמֵ֖ד לִפְנֵ֥י הַמַּלְאָֽךְ‬ and he was standing in front of the angel.

In front of an infinitive absolute: GEN 41:43 וְנָתֹ֣ון אֹתֹ֔ו עַ֖ל כָּל־אֶ֥רֶץ מִצְרָֽיִם׃ and he set him over the whole land of Egypt.

In front of a personal pronoun: ISA 49:4 וַאֲנִ֤י אָמַ֨רְתִּי֙ and I said.

Take note: most verbs that have a ו prefix are not conjunctions, but form a consecutive form of the perfect or imperfect.

Also, Hebrew sentences often start with a ו. Usually this does not need to be translated.

Missing: אַף and פֶּן, and the combination כִּ֤י אִם

אַף "also" GEN 40:16 אַף־אֲנִי֙ בַּחֲלֹומִ֔י I also in dream / I also had a dream.

פֶּן "lest" "so that not" "not to" GEN 31:24 הִשָּׁ֧מֶר לְךָ֛ פֶּן־תְּדַבֵּ֥ר עִֽם־יַעֲקֹ֖ב be careful not to speak with Jacob / guard yourself lest you say anything to Jacob.

כִּ֛י אִם "but" "but if" "except" 2KI 23:9 כִּ֛י אִם־אָכְל֥וּ מַצֹּ֖ות בְּתֹ֥וךְ אֲחֵיהֶֽם׃ but they ate bread among their brothers.

This should be under the heading of "subordinal conjunctions", as it joins an independent with a subordinate clause.

This should be under the heading of "copulative" or "additive" conjuction.

Co-ordinative conjunctions are broader than just "and", they include all types of conjuctions that function to join two equal and indpendent parts. This would include the "copulative", "disjunctive", the "adversative", the "alternative", and the "explicative" use.

The masculine (singular, absolute) form of an adjective is the form you can find in a dictionary.

This item should be in a short list of "nouns that are typically or often masculine"

noun.

two

There are also some exceptions. You can recognize exceptions in one of the following ways: 1) memorize which words are the exceptions 2) look up the word in a dictionary 3) look at the surrounding adjectives and verbs that refer to this noun and see if they are masculine or feminine.

Masculine nouns are masculine either because they refer to a male person, or because they are an object that is "grammatically masculine". If your language does not have grammatical genders, or the gender of a noun in your language is different from the gender of the Hebrew noun you are translating, you should follow the rules of your language.

Adjectives agree with the gender of the noun they refer to.

The gender of a finite verb (imperfect, perfect, imperative, etc.) is works as follows: The gender of the verb agrees with the subject, namely the person or object that does the action or the person or object whose state is described by the verb if the verb is active. If the verb is passive the gender of the verb agrees with the person or the object that undergoes or receives the action (the direct object).

Adjectives follow a similar pattern in form, but they have a plural if the noun is dual.

What's that doing here?

The parsing "gender: common" is often used for pronouns and finite verbs in the first person (I or we) since the Hebrew, like the English, does not distinguish between male or female speakers and writers. Sometimes the parsing reads "unmarked gender".

noun, finite verb, adjective, pronoun, pronominal suffix, and particle.

Rephrase suggestion: Top line "Prophetic perfect" line below "Describing an action in the future with so much confidence that it is already seen as a completed action."

on a second line. Adjust to "either with a stative verb, or in a passive stem."

Explain what a conjuction is, and that it consists of the letter waw.

This is also a perfect.

add: in this example the Hebrew perfect is translated with the "past perfect".

add: in this example, the Hebrew perfect is translated with the "present perfect".

add: in this example the Hebrew perfect is translated with the "simple past".

Starting an article with "generally speaking" sounds a bit too "conversational".

Alternative: "In BH the pf. form is often used to ..."

These two should be in a list of "nouns that are typically, or usually feminine".

noun

two

You can recognize exceptions in one of the following ways: 1) memorize which words are the exceptions 2) look up the word in a dictionary 3) look at the surrounding adjectives and verbs that refer to this noun and see if they are masculine or feminine.

Adjectives follow a similar pattern, but they use a plural form if the noun is dual.

Feminine nouns are feminine either because they refer to a female person, or because they are an object that is "grammatically feminine". If your language does not have grammatical genders, or the gender of a noun in your language is different from the gender of the Hebrew noun you are translating, you should follow the rules of your language.

Adjectives agree with the gender of the noun they refer to.

The gender of a finite verb (imperfect, perfect, imperative, etc.) works as follows: The gender of the verb agrees with the subject, namely the person or object that does the action or the person or object whose state is described by the verb if the verb is active. If the verb is passive the gender of the verb agrees with the person or the object that undergoes or receives the action (the direct object).

noun, finite verb, adjective, pronoun, prenominal suffix, or particle.

noun, finite verb, adjective, pronoun, prenominal suffix, or particle.

Sometimes words are identified as "both". This is either because the form (morphology) and the context are not clear, or because the word refers to a group that includes both masculine people/words and feminine people/words.

Ps. I remember I have seen examples of this, but I have a hard time finding them again.

noun, finite verb, pronoun, pronominal suffix, adjective, and particle

conjunctions in English are

words, clauses, or pharases

Other interrogative adverbs:

לָמָ֪ה and לָֽמָּה‮‬ why? PSA 42:10 לָמָ֪ה שְׁכַ֫חְתָּ֥נִי‮‬ לָֽמָּה‮‬־קֹדֵ֥ר אֵלֵ֗ךְ Why have you forgotten me, why do I walk mourning?

מַדּ֖וּעַ why? 2KI 8:12 מַדּ֖וּעַ אֲדֹנִ֣י בֹכֶ֑ה Why is my master weeping?

אָנָה whereto? ZEC 2:6 אָ֖נָה אַתָּ֣ה‮‬ הֹלֵ֑ךְ Where are you going to?

עַד־אָן how long? JOB 8:2 עַד־אָ֥ן תְּמַלֶּל־אֵ֑לֶּה How long will you say these things?

אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה from where? 1SA 25:11 לֹ֣א יָדַ֔עְתִּי אֵ֥י מִזֶּ֖ה הֵֽמָּה׃ I do not know where they are from?

Ps. all these examples are from one source, should probably find from other sources too to avoid copyright claims.

"how? why? how!"

"where? where is?"

Introductory paragraph "An adverb is a word that explains something about a verb. Hebrew technically does not have many adverbs, but it can use nouns, adjectives, particles, or other verbs to have the function of an adverb."

Missing: Adverb of location (see other comment here for one example).

Missing: many particles can serve as adverbs. Sometimes of the verb "to be" that has to be supplied in the English if it is not present in the Hebrew.

אֲשֶׁר ... שָׁ֖ם (GEN 13:14, EXO 9:26, 1SA 3:3)

Missing: Adverbs of negation: אַל ,לֹא, and אֵין/אַיִן. לֹא for general negation, אַל for negative imperatives, and אֵין/אַיִן for "there is not".

לֹא Examples: EXO 6:9, PRO 1:29 אַל Examples: GEN 35:17, NEH 4:5 אֵין/אַיִן Examples: DEU 28:29, JOS 6:1

Sometimes a noun or a verb can take on the function of an adverb.

Noun: 1SA 12:11 וַתֵּשְׁב֖וּ בֶּֽטַח׃ and you lived salfely (literally: and you lived, safety). HOS 14:5 (in Hebrew HOS 14:5) אֹהֲבֵ֖ם נְדָבָ֑ה I will love them freely (literally: I will love, free).

Verb: 2KI 2:10 הִקְשִׁ֣יתָ לִשְׁאֹ֑ול you have asked a hard thing (literally: you have made hard/difficult by asking). 1SA 3:12 אָקִ֣ים אֶל־עֵלִ֔י אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר דִּבַּ֖רְתִּי אֶל־בֵּיתֹ֑ו הָחֵ֖ל וְכַלֵּֽה׃ I will fulfill against Eli everything that I have spoken concerning his house, from beginning to end. (literally: to begin and to end).

Also the adjective מְאֹד (very) is sometimes an adverb when it modifies a verb or an adjective. Example: NUM 14:7 טֹובָ֥ה הָאָ֖רֶץ מְאֹ֥ד מְאֹֽד׃ good the land, very very. JOS 1:7 רַק֩ חֲזַ֨ק וֶֽאֱמַ֜ץ מְאֹ֗ד only be strong and be very courageous. ("to be courageous" is a verb).

Missing: Adverb of amount: GEN 31:41 וַתַּחֲלֵ֥ף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּ֖י עֲשֶׂ֥רֶת מֹנִֽים׃ you have changed my wages ten times.

Other adverbs of manner. ZEP 1:14 מַ֥ר צֹרֵ֖חַ שָׁ֥ם גִּבֹּֽור‮‬׃ bitterly (adv. of manner) cries there (adv. of location) the hero.

Adverbs of time and manner are both under "Demonstrative adverbs".

not many adverbs, but it often makes other types of words function as adverbs.

verbs or adjectives.

Examples: RUT 2:21 וַתֹּ֖אמֶר ר֣וּת הַמֹּואֲבִיָּ֑ה and Ruth, the Moabite, said. 2SA 11:17 וַיָּ֕מָת גַּ֖ם אוּרִיָּ֥ה הַחִתִּֽי׃ and Uriah, the Hittite, also died.

Ordinal numbers (first, second, third, seventeenth) are used to express the order of events or relative importance.

Additionally, ordinal numbers are used to express fractions: GEN 47:24 וּנְתַתֶּ֥ם חֲמִישִׁ֖ית לְפַרְעֹ֑ה and you will give one fifth to the pharaoh.

twelfth

should be: בְּשִׁבְעָֽה־עָשָׂ֥ר יֹ֖ום

should be: שֵׁם֩ הָאֶחָ֨ד

so

Cardinal numbers (like one, two, three, fifty) describe how many of something there are. They either have the same gender as the noun, or are the deliberate opposite.