Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin, boosting cotton production but prolonging slavery, and promoted interchangeable parts, revolutionizing manufacturing. Despite challenges like patent disputes, his contributions endure in engineering and Yale University's Eli Whitney Students Program.

I hope that every social media sites can stop the trend of paying for more features. Like twitter, it needs the user to pay for its membership to get features like dm someone or even just downloading videos, I don't like that.

John Smith was a prominent English explorer and soldier who played a key role in the establishment of the Jamestown colony, the first permanent English settlement in North America. He was known for his leadership during challenging times, including interactions with the Powhatan tribe and exploration of Chesapeake Bay. Smith's writings and maps significantly promoted English colonization in the New World. His legacy includes both achievements in exploration and his role in shaping early American history.

The discussion on digital colonialism resonates with a story of experience working in a tech startup focused on content moderation. I witnessed how algorithms designed for "global" audiences often erased non-Western cultural nuances, pushing homogenized narratives. For instance, a post critiquing Western beauty standard was flagged as "sensitive," while Eurocentric content thrived—mirroring historical cultural erasure. Automation, framed as neutral, can silently reinforce colonial hierarchies by prioritizing dominant voices. This parallels the text’s argument: technology isn’t just a tool; it’s a power structure.

Steve Jobs was a visionary entrepreneur and inventor who co-founded Apple and played a key role in shaping modern technology. He pioneered personal computing with products like the Macintosh, iPod, and iPhone, transforming industries from computers to entertainment. Despite challenges like his departure from Apple and later health issues, he left a profound legacy as a creative innovator. Jobs’ impact continues to influence technology and culture worldwide.

The discussion on capitalism’s profit-driven accountability resonates with my experience on platforms like Instagram. Over years, its feed increasingly prioritized ads and viral content over posts from friends, mirroring the "enshittification" described by Doctorow—platforms degrade user experience to extract value for shareholders. When Elon Musk acquired Twitter, rapid layoffs and policy chaos followed, showcasing fiduciary duty’s tyranny: short-term gains for investors trumped user trust. Yet, I’ve also seen worker co-ops in local cafes thrive by prioritizing employee well-being over profits, proving alternative models can align ethics and sustainability. Capitalism’s tension between profit and public good remains stark in digital spaces.

The Nuremberg trials were a series of international military tribunals held after World War II to prosecute Nazi leaders for crimes against peace, war crimes, and crimes against humanity. Held in Nuremberg, Germany, the trials aimed to provide irrefutable evidence of Nazi crimes, educate the German public, and establish individual accountability for breaches of international law. The trials, which included notable Nazi figures, were significant in the development of international criminal law. They highlighted the systematic atrocities committed by the Nazi regime, especially the Holocaust.

This talks about the distinct roles that shame and guilt play in a child's emotional growth. Shame is seen as a feeling of being fundamentally bad, prompting withdrawal or ostracism, while guilt is associated with recognizing and wanting to amend a specific bad action. Effective parenting involves helping children transition from feeling shame to understanding and addressing guilt, fostering healthier relationships and personal accountability. The article also notes that these concepts may vary across different cultural contexts, particularly between individualistic and collectivist societies.

This page is talking about lone wolf terrorism, which refers to attacks conducted by individuals acting without direct involvement from external groups. It examines the motives behind such actions, ranging from personal grievances to ideological goals, including terrorism. The article highlights the challenges in preventing these attacks due to their unpredictable nature and lack of group ties. It also delves into factors like mental health and the concept of stochastic terrorism as contributing elements.

This section provides a deep dive into individual harassment on social media, highlighting both private and public methods of abuse. It discusses private tactics like cyberstalking, hacking, and tracking, alongside public actions such as doxing, impersonation, and revenge porn. The text also explores how technology, like spyware, exacerbates these issues, raising concerns about ethics and privacy. Overall, it underscores the critical need for vigilance and respect for others' online rights in the digital age. This kind of situation sometimes occurs on Chinese social media, and in extreme cases, it can even lead to tragic outcomes. Given the vast number of Chinese netizens and their active participation in discussions, inappropriate speech can become harassment, negatively impacting content creators or commenters, leading to issues such as depression and self-doubt.

Foldit is an online puzzle video game that engages players in folding protein structures to advance scientific research. The game allows users to contribute to scientific discoveries by solving complex puzzles related to protein folding. It combines gaming with real-world biochemistry, aiming to leverage the problem-solving abilities of gamers for scientific advancements. Launched in 2008, Foldit has had notable successes, including contributions to understanding HIV and other diseases.

Crowdsourcing leverages collective intelligence and diverse skills by inviting contributions from a large group of people, often done through digital platforms. It can be used for various purposes, from solving complex problems to generating creative content, utilizing the distributed network's capabilities. Crowdsourcing fosters innovation by tapping into the power of the crowd, democratizing the way projects are completed and ideas are developed.

The page on administrators explains their roles and responsibilities on the platform. Administrators, also known as sysops, are volunteer editors trusted with certain technical abilities, such as blocking users, deleting pages, and protecting pages from editing. These administrators go through a community review process and are expected to uphold high standards of conduct. The page also covers how administrators are chosen, their expected behavior, and the processes for addressing grievances and the misuse of administrative tools.

The article illustrates various content moderation approaches, from no moderators to automated bots. It underscores the complexities and challenges each approach faces, emphasizing the balance between effective moderation and user freedom. This nuanced discussion reveals the critical role content moderation plays in maintaining a safe and lawful online environment. The platform Bilibili is somewhat special, that every video uploaded to the platform are reviewed by human to see if there are unacceptable contents in the video, this is a video platform so that it may be different from others. Most platforms will review the content if any user reports it. Overall, it provides a comprehensive view of the different strategies used to manage online content.

The Mashable article is talking about the Tumblr's rise and fall over the past 15 years. Initially a revolutionary microblogging platform, Tumblr's success dwindled due to multiple acquisitions, leadership changes, and poor strategic decisions. Each new owner, including Yahoo, Verizon, and Automattic, struggled to understand and leverage Tumblr's unique value. The site suffered from a lack of focus on its core user community and failed to modernize effectively. Despite these challenges, there is still hope for Tumblr's resurgence, especially among Gen Z users. The article suggests that Tumblr needs to embrace its creative culture and focus on community-building to thrive once more.

Moderation of content on social media platforms is crucial for various reasons, including quality control, legal concerns, user safety, and potentially offensive content. Different platforms have varying standards for what constitutes acceptable content, making moderation both complex and essential. Even platforms that claim to support free speech often block spam and malicious content to enhance user experience. Ultimately, content moderation aims to create a lawful and safe online environment while balancing the needs of both users and advertisers. Just like TikTok, sometimes there are contents that are telling porn jokes or revealing someone's personal information to revenge something like that, TikTok will just block those contents for a better internet environment. For some platforms like Bilibili, they will just reduce and restrict the "traffic" of a video if it has some minor problems. Measures like block the vid out from recommendation algorithm and etc.

A digital detox involves intentionally refraining from using digital devices, such as smartphones and computers, to reduce screen overuse and encourage offline activities. This practice has gained popularity due to concerns about technology addiction's impact on physical and mental health, including issues like eye strain, disrupted sleep patterns, and increased anxiety. Methods for undertaking a digital detox vary, ranging from setting specific usage limits to complete abstinence, and may include participation in dedicated retreats or travel packages designed to facilitate disconnection. While digital detoxes can enhance focus, improve relationships, and boost overall well-being, they may also lead to social pressures and a fear of missing out.

Social media has both positive and negative effects on mental health, making it a complex issue that cannot be easily categorized as entirely harmful or beneficial. The pressure to curate a perfect online image, especially through edited selfies, can distort self-perception and contribute to body image issues. Additionally, the Facebook experiment on emotional manipulation raises ethical concerns about how social media platforms influence users' emotions without their awareness. While a digital detox can be helpful for mental well-being, completely disconnecting from the internet is not a realistic long-term solution for most people. Instead of rejecting social media entirely, we should focus on understanding its impact and finding ways to create healthier online experiences.

A chain letter is a message that encourages the recipient to copy it and send it to multiple people, creating an exponential distribution. These letters have evolved from traditional mail to digital formats like email and social media. Chain letters often use emotional manipulation, threats, or promises of rewards to convince recipients to comply. They can be illegal if they request money or valuable items and promise substantial returns, resembling pyramid schemes.

This section introduces the concept of "memes" as cultural genes, which are bits of information in culture that spread and evolve similarly to biological evolution. By comparing genes to memes, the author demonstrates how information flows and mutates within society, much like how organisms evolve in nature. I don't know what mems are before but after reading this chapter, I now know mems are now all over the place, we use such as the "cat mems" and the "dog mems" that people post gif and stickers, like the dog "cheems".

This Wikipedia page discusses the concept of "safe spaces," originally from LGBT culture but now expanded to various marginalized groups. These spaces are intended to be free of bias, conflict, and potentially threatening actions or ideas. They are often found on university campuses, workplaces, and online. The page also covers the criticism of safe spaces, including claims that they stifle free speech and create echo chambers, as well as arguments in their defense.

Recommendation algorithms can sometimes create information silos, leading to information isolation. Take TikTok, for example. Its recommendation algorithm is highly effective and diverse, but it still risks falling into the trap of information silos. The video platform frequently suggests videos within your preferred category to keep you engaged, which results in fewer new content discoveries.

This wikipedia discusses the condition of color blindness, which is a decreased ability to see colors or differences in colors. It explains that the most common cause is genetic, often inherited and usually affecting males more than females. The page describes different types of color blindness, such as red-green and blue-yellow, as well as the challenges and adaptations for those who have it. It also mentions that while there is no cure, various tools and accommodations can help people manage their color vision deficiencies.

"When I first started my CSE course, the initial focus wasn’t on how the code operates. Instead, both during class and afterward, we were asked questions about how people with disabilities access websites or how they write code. Furthermore, with each assignment, our teacher always included a question: how does your code consider readability for individuals with disabilities, and how did you detail the content in the comments? I believe our teacher is instilling in us the habit of considering accessibility for people with disabilities. Moreover, I find this extremely useful, and it will definitely make me more mindful of the readability of my code for people with disabilities in the future.

This Wikipedia page about Private Message explains it as a communication method used on social media, forums, and instant messaging platforms for one-on-one or small group conversations. Unlike public posts, private messages are only visible to the sender and recipient, making them suitable for confidential discussions. The page also covers security, privacy concerns, and implementation across different platforms.

The data collection practices of companies pose serious privacy risks. Some user information is shared across different platforms. Sometimes if your unlucky, you will find your information on the dark net. If you search for a product on a shopping app, you may soon notice ads for the same item appearing on social media or other unrelated apps. Some smartphone keyboards even track what you type and share that data with advertisers. There are also cases where voice assistants or apps passively listen to conversations and use the gathered information for targeted ads. This kind of data sharing is a direct violation of privacy. While it may seem like a mere marketing strategy, the full extent of how companies utilize personal data remains unknown. Many people dislike being constantly tracked, but they have little choice, as rejecting these invasive policies often means losing access to essential apps and services. But for some apps, they offer users privacy settings like detecting wether user's information is leaked, to for example, the dark net, then the user can change its password and it protects the user's privacy and other information.

This article is talking about how your friends' online connections can reveal private details about you, like your sexual orientation, even if you're not on social media . Researchers found that social networks can create "shadow profiles" using data from your friends, which can expose sensitive information. The study highlights the privacy risks of being connected online and how even non-users can have their information inferred.

Sometimes data collection by the companies will lead to serious privacy issues. As far as I know, Chinese companies will share user information with each other, for example, when you're using wechat chatting with a friend and you tell your friend you want something, the input method app will note that down and send it to several online shopping companies. Then when you check related shopping app, you will find out that it will recommend the things you mentioned. Some phone will also record what you said and do the same thing. This is a serious violation of privacy; it's not a very harmful situation for the examples mentioned, but we don't know what other situations the companies will use these data for. Countless people don't want to be monitored, but the apps are important for them, and they need to agree the terms of policy to use the app.

This wiki said that the FBI–King letter was an anonymous 1964 letter and package sent by the FBI to Martin Luther King Jr. as part of their COINTELPRO operation. The letter, which King interpreted as urging him to commit suicide, was accompanied by a tape recording allegedly of King's sexual indiscretions. The letter was discovered in 1971 during the Church Committee hearings and investigations.

This reminds me of a new kind of trolling in a Chinese video platform, since it is a socialize platform, there are a lot of bots that comments under some video or posts those praises a company's product, such as a type of phone, and say that the product sucks, some add some comment about another product and tell how well it is （commonly praise those who paid for it to do so）. Sometimes it is just an unwise human doing so. Here is where trolling plays a role. Some people post a fake post that is usually wrong in a very obvious way that human can tell in just a glance. But the bots can't identify that so it will comment and do its job under that trolling tab. People usually do that for fun as far as I concern.

This url talks about the COVID-19 pandemic, which is caused by SARS-CoV-2, began in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. It spread globally, leading to significant health, social, and economic impacts. The World Health Organization declared it a public health emergency in January 2020 and ended the declaration in May 2023. The pandemic resulted in millions of cases and deaths worldwide.

these kinds of videos do occur in Chinese platforms. There was a video publisher called Li Ziqi (李子柒）posted videos about managing a little space and other kinds. But later she was challenged if her video and the contents was supported by a team, or the video was performed. She stops posting video soon after that. There are a lot of performed videos nowadays but most of them people can tell they're performing, some even like looking at performed video.

This page gives a detailed history and description of BBS. it is a precursor to modern internet forusm. The wikipedia talks about the history, tecnology, and the culture of BBS. It explains how BBS allowed users to connect via modems or the internet to access bulletin boards, discussion areas, news, software downloads, games, and online chats. The page also outlines the evolution of BBS from dial-up systems to Telnet BBS and eventually to web forums.

Baidu Tieba, is a blog website where users can post blogs about things ther're interested, was launched in 2003. It was the most popular communication website in the 2010s. People can make tags where people can post something relative and leave comments. Some of the tags are still popular, like RuoZhiBa.

This source tells information about complex number. It mentioned the definition, history, applications, complex planes and some other informations. A complex number is a number consisting of a real part and an imaginary part。 Complex numbers are widely used in mathematics, physics, and engineering.

For the data types might be used, utf-8 or utf-16 might be used, or other language packs to represent different languages Of Strings for the users. Time and date Of int will also be used, for example private chat in tiktok, a time label will be added above our text.

First of all, I think this work can be done by bots, like you can tell a computer who you want to give the likes and how many likes you want and let the computer swich accounts and push the like button with each account. Second, algorithms are made to provide a better service to a user. Take TikTok for example, for a short video, more likes mean better quality, but if an ad. got a lot of likes from a click farm, the user will see a lot of ads rather than better video.

I think it's ok for the companies to collect these data, but there should be some restrictions. I know some Chinese companies are collecting data such as the user's mic and location even when it's on the background （the user didn't manually run the app). For example, after the user said he want to buy something in a chat with his friend, the app will recommend the thing he said when he checks his phone someday. Not only this will use more battery power but also violate privacy.

Most religion I know are telling people to be nice. However, on the contrary, some religions guide their followers to spread and preach, which is fine. But some force others to believe in their religion, and even attack other religions, races, or countries. This violates any kind of moral standard.

Many religions encourage people to be kinder to others. In areas with lower levels of education, using faith to make people submit is a very effective way of ruling. For example, in ancient China, people were made to obey the emperor’s rule through beliefs in chinese ghosts and gods.

Many religions encourage people to be kinder to others. In areas with lower levels of education, using faith to make people submit is a very effective way of ruling. For example, in ancient China, people were made to obey the emperor’s rule through beliefs in ghosts and gods.