The speculative bubble created by railroad financing burst in the Panic of 1873, which began a period called the Long Depression that lasted until nearly the end of the century and was so bad that before the Great Depression of the 1930s the period was known simply as “The Depression”.
The fact that this was caused by a few things, that might've looked inconsequential, or not so much of a deal, all worked together to cause one of the most devastating depressions in U.S. history. It makes me wonder if there was anything they could've done to avoid it.